Deck 3: Cells

Question 1

An organelle located near the nucleus that consists of two cylindrical structures composed of clusters of microtubules is called the

A)nucleolus
B)centrosome
C)flagellum
D)microtubule
E)cilium

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Certain white blood cells can destroy bacteria using the process of

A)pinocytosis
B)phagocytosis
C)exocytosis
D)transcytosis
E)none of the choices is correct

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following statements are TRUE for the plasma membrane?

A)It is selectively permeable.
B)It contains glycoproteins.
C)It contains cholesterol.
D)It is selectively permeable and contains glycoproteins.
E)It is selectively permeable and contains glycoproteins and cholesterol.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The movement of solute molecules across a plasma membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration requires

A)cellular energy
B)facilitated diffusion
C)integral proteins
D)cellular energy and facilitated diffusion
E)cellular energy and integral proteins

Question 5

Which of the following organelles are commonly referred to as the "powerhouses" of a cell?

A)lysosomes
B)ribosomes
C)nucleoli
D)mitochondria
E)peroxisomes

Question 6

Endocytosis is an example of

A)excretion
B)passive transport
C)active transport
D)facilitated diffusion
E)simple diffusion

Question 7

Which of the following solutions are isotonic for normal human red blood cells?

A)10% NaCl solution
B)2% NaCl solution
C)0.9% NaCl solution
D)pure water
E)0.9% glucose solution

Question 8

The organelle that contains as many as 60 different digestive enzymes is called the

A)Golgi complex
B)rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D)lysosome
E)mitochondrion

Question 9

Which of the following intracellular structures is considered to be part of the cytoskeleton?

A)cytosol
B)mitochondria
C)microtubules
D)centromere
E)flagella

Question 10

Which of the following organelles is the site of synthesis of steroid hormones like estrogens and testosterone?

A)Golgi complex
B)ribosomes
C)rough endoplasmic reticulum
D)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E)mitochondria

Question 11

Chromatin is found in the

A)nucleus
B)nuclear pores
C)ribosomes
D)mitochondria
E)lysosomes

Question 12

Which of following organelles is primarily involved in the modification (e.g. glycosylation), sorting, and packaging of proteins?

A)endoplasmic reticulum
B)Golgi complex
C)mitochondria
D)lysosomes
E)nucleus

Question 13

Which of the following is necessary for simple diffusion to take place?

A)a concentration gradient
B)a selectively permeable membrane
C)a hypertonic solution
D)cellular energy
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 14

The plasma membrane consists of

A)cellulose and carbohydrates.
B)mostly proteins.
C)only phospholipids.
D)phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
E)only carbohydrates and lipids.

Question 15

Pinocytosis and phagocytosis involve structural changes in the

A)cytosol
B)plasma membrane
C)ribosomes
D)mitochondria
E)cell nucleus

Question 16

The synthesis of plasma membrane proteins occurs in ribosomes attached to the outer surface of the

A)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B)rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)mitochondria
D)Golgi complexes
E)lysosomes

Question 17

The cytoplasm is a term that refers to

A)all cell organelles combined.
B)microtubules and microfilaments only.
C)the fluid portion of the cell.
D)the cytosol plus cell organelles.
E)the communication center of the cell.

Question 18

The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is permeable to all of the following substances EXCEPT

A)amino acids
B)fat-soluble vitamins
C)steroids
D)oxygen
E)water

Question 19

A normal red blood cell that is placed into a hypotonic solution will

A)lose water
B)gain water
C)neither gain nor lose water
D)become crenated
E)not change shape

Question 20

Which of the following statements BEST describes essential characteristic(s)of active transport?

A)moves solutes down their concentration gradient
B)requires a carrier protein or pump
C)requires cellular energy
D)requires osmotic pressure gradient
E)requires both a pump and cellular energy

Question 21

The study of tumors is called

A)pathology
B)oncology
C)epidemiology
D)pharmacology
E)histology

Question 22

The football-shaped assembly of microtubules that is used to move chromosomes to opposite poles of a dividing cell is called the

A)centromere
B)chromosome
C)chromatin
D)basal body
E)mitotic spindle

Question 23

The branch of medicine dealing with medical issues of aging is called

A)pediatrics
B)obstetrics
C)oncology
D)psychology
E)geriatrics

Question 24

Which of the following organelles in liver cells contains enzymes that help to detoxify drugs and potentially harmful substances in the blood?

A)nucleus
B)lysosomes
C)rough ER
D)smooth ER
E)vacuoles

Question 25

The type of cell division that produces two identical cells is called

A)somatic cell division
B)meiosis I
C)meiosis II
D)cytokinesis
E)reproductive cell division

Question 26

The spread of cancerous cells to other parts of the body is referred to as

A)hyperplasia
B)metastasis
C)malignancy
D)mutation
E)hypertrophy

Question 27

The protein synthesis process called translation requires

A)a nucleus
B)a nucleolus
C)a smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D)ribosomes
E)proteasomes

Question 28

When translation of a particular protein is complete, termination of protein synthesis is indicated by the presence of a/an

A)promoter
B)amino acid
C)stop codon
D)start codon
E)carrier protein

Question 29

During somatic cell division, the process in which the cytoplasm and its organelles are divided is referred to as

A)meiosis
B)the cell cycle
C)reproductive cell division
D)mitosis
E)cytokinesis

Question 30

The anticodon is located on the

A)mRNA
B)rRNA
C)tRNA
D)DNA
E)ribosome

Question 31

Amino acids that participate in protein synthesis are picked up in the cytosol by

A)mRNA
B)rRNA
C)tRNA
D)ribosomes
E)ATP

Question 32

The human somatic cells contain ____ chromosomes.

A)46
B)23
C)43
D)24
E)54

Question 33

All of the following are nucleotide bases commonly found in DNA molecules EXCEPT

A)adenine
B)cytosine
C)guanine
D)thymine
E)uracil

Question 34

The final stage of mitosis in which a nuclear envelope forms around the two new chromatin masses is called

A)prophase
B)interphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
E)metaphase

Question 35

Which phase of somatic cell division involves the splitting of centromeres followed by separating the two resultant members of each chromatid pair?

A)prophase
B)anaphase
C)metaphase
D)telophase
E)cytokinesis

Question 36

A CGT base triplet within a gene on DNA is transcribed into mRNA as

A)CAT
B)GCA
C)GCU
D)ACU
E)TGC

Question 37

In somatic cell division, the phase in which the DNA is replicated is called

A)mitotic phase
B)prophase
C)anaphase
D)interphase
E)cytokinesis

Question 38

Which of the following is a component of RNA only?

A)adenine
B)cytosine
C)guanine
D)thymine
E)uracil

Question 39

The characteristics of each individual protein are based on their sequence of

A)fatty acids
B)amino acids
C)molecules
D)monosaccharides
E)glycerides

Question 40

The process by which worn-out cellular organelles are digested is called

A)autolysis
B)autoregulation
C)autophagy
D)lysis
E)phagocytosis

Question 41

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE with regard to the cytoplasm?

A)site of many chemical reactions in the cell
B)responsible for nuclear division during mitosis
C)liquid portion is known as the cytosol
D)composed of a lattice of protein filaments called the cytoskeleton
E)contains cellular organelles like the mitochondria

Question 42

In a mature human body, which of the following types of cells do not divide?

A)skin cells
B)bone cells
C)nerve cells
D)hair cells
E)all cells divide

Question 43

Which of the following is a protein that promotes the growth of new networks of blood vessels that support tumor growth?

A)tumor necrosis factor
B)thromboplastin
C)epidermal growth factor
D)tumor angiogenesis factor
E)tissue plasminogen activator

Question 44

The multistep process by which cancer develops is referred to as

A)neoplasia
B)carcinogenesis
C)angiogenesis
D)cytokinesis
E)gamateogenesis

Question 45

Meiosis is the type of cell division used during the formation of

A)sperm cells
B)skin cells
C)red blood cells
D)cancer cells
E)all of the choices are correct

Question 46

The cellular organelle primarily responsible for transforming the chemical energy found in nutrients into ATP is the

A)ribosome
B)mitochondria
C)lysosome
D)Golgi Apparatus
E)nuclear envelope

Question 47

The primary role that integral membrane proteins play in active transport is to

A)move solute molecules down the concentration gradient.
B)control cellular metabolism.
C)move water by osmosis to maintain balance in the intracellular compartment.
D)produce the cellular energy needed for active transport.
E)bind and transport solute molecules against the concentration gradient.

Question 48

All of the following are associated with mitochondria EXCEPT

A)double membrane
B)cristae
C)matrix
D)proteasomes
E)small number of genes and ribosomes

Question 49

Jennifer loves perfume. She visits her local discount store regularly. Today she came to class wearing her latest purchase and soon everyone in the entire classroom was familiar with the scent. What concept important to transport processes is being demonstrated here?

A)osmosis
B)diffusion
C)phagocytosis
D)active transport
E)wise shopping

Question 50

Specific DNA sequences at the tips of chromosomes that protect the chromosomes from erosion and sticking together are called

A)telophase
B)telomeres
C)geriatrics
D)centromeres
E)telemetrics

Question 51

Which of the following statements is always true for active transport processes and never true for passive transport processes?

A)Moves solutes from area of high concentration to area of low solute concentration.
B)Requires energy in the form of ATP.
C)Uses a carrier protein.
D)Results in the net diffusion of water across the membrane.
E)All of the choices are true for active transport and not for passive transport.

Question 52

The study of the processes and problems associated with aging is called

A)elderly psychology
B)oncology
C)gerontology
D)pathophysiology
E)geriatrics

Question 53

A semipermeable membrane, which permits water movement but not ion movement, separates two solutions. Solution A contains 0.9% NaCl and solution B contains 9.0 % NaCl. With respect to this system, which of the following statements would be true?

A)Water would move from solution A to solution B.
B)Water would move from solution B to solution A.
C)Na⁺ would move from solution A to solution B.
D)Na⁺ would move from solution B to solution A.
E)No net movement of water or ions would occur.

Question 54

The major function of the ribosomes is to

A)coordinate lipid synthesis.
B)synthesize proteins.
C)detoxify drugs and alcohol.
D)digest damaged organelles.
E)form vesicles.

Question 55

A chemical agent or radiation that causes cancer is referred to as a/an

A)oncogene
B)mutant
C)carcinogen
D)neoplasm
E)biopsy

Question 56

The type of body fluid found in the microscopic spaces between cells of tissues is called

A)intracellular fluid
B)interstitial fluid
C)plasma
D)lymph
E)cerebrospinal fluid

Question 57

Which of the following statements correctly describes the events that occur when a normal red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

A)Net movement of water molecules into a cell.
B)Net movement of water molecules out of a cell.
C)No net movement of water molecules across the cell's membrane.
D)Decreased osmotic pressure inside cell.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 58

An orderly, genetically programmed cell "death" involving activation of "cell-suicide" genes is called

A)anaphase
B)atrophy
C)apoptosis
D)adenopathy
E)necrosis

Question 59

Which of the following types of cells contain microvilli to increase the surface area of their plasma membrane for absorption?

A)sperm cell
B)smooth muscle cell
C)nerve cell
D)red blood cell
E)epithelial cell of the small intestine

Question 60

To initiate the transcription of a gene, RNA polymerase binds to a _____, which is usually found near the beginning of the gene.

A)promoter
B)terminator
C)start codon
D)stop codon
E)anticodon

Question 61

The term cytoplasm refers to all cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.

Question 62

Usually only one mutation is needed to convert a non-cancerous adenoma into a cancerous carcinoma.

Question 63

Facilitated diffusion requires a membrane carrier protein and cellular energy.

Question 64

The Golgi complex produces some of the components of lysosomes.

Question 65

In passive transport, the net result is that solutes move from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Question 66

Protective ends of chromosomes called telomeres shorten with each cycle of cell division.

Question 67

All cells in the human body contain a single centrally located nucleus.

Question 68

The only type of cell in the human body that contains a flagellum is a sperm cell.

Question 69

Osmotic pressure is the pressure that builds up inside a cell and resists net water movement across its membrane.

Question 70

The first stage of mitosis is called prophase.

Question 71

Passive transport requires the use of cellular energy (e.g. ATP)but active transport does not.

Question 72

During interphase, a cell replicates its DNA and does most of its growing.

Question 73

Most proteins can easily move across the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.

Question 74

Peripheral proteins penetrate all the way through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.

Question 75

Cytosine is found in both DNA and RNA and it only hydrogen bonds with a complementary nitrogenous base called guanine.

Question 76

Normal cells grown outside the body divide a certain number of times and then stop dividing, suggesting this is a normal, programmed event.

Question 77

Protein synthesis begins with a DNA code in the nucleus. DNA is copied as an mRNA strand. The mRNA goes to the ribosome where tRNA brings in the appropriate amino acids. These amino acids bond to form a protein. The process continues until the stop codon is read.

Question 78

Ribosomes consist of three subunits of equal size.

Question 79

The nucleus can communicate with the cytosol via nuclear pores in the nuclear envelope.

Question 80

The nucleus acts as barrier between a cell's internal and external environment.