Deck 1: Introduction to Statistics

Question 1

Accuracy:

A)is always possible
B)always results in larger amounts of variance
C)solves all measurement problems
D)none of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Any two identical measurements are sufficient to identify a constant.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The robustness of a statistic refers to

A)the ability to be calculated quickly
B)the ability to withstand violations of assumptions
C)the ability to locate error variance
D)the ability to find something that is really there

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The related concepts of variance and error are the backbone of statistics.

Question 5

Chapter 1 in your textbook focuses on:

A)the foundation of statistics
B)the application of mathematical formulas
C)strategies for studying statistics
D)all of the above

Question 6

Why do we have many kinds of statistics?

A)because of many statisticians creating tools for handling special problems
B)because of the need for different types of samples
C)it is simply a product of 200 years of historical development
D)because of the many types of error and variance

Question 7

Which of the following is more likely to be true?

A)small differences between things are associated with small amounts of error
B)large differences between things are associated with large amounts of error
C)small differences between things are probably real; large differences are probably error
D)large differences between things are probably real; small differences are probably error

Question 8

The power of a statistic refers to

A)the ability to withstand violations of assumptions
B)the ability to be calculated quickly
C)the ability to find something that is really there
D)the ability to locate error variance

Question 9

A "good" statistic is characterized by which of the following?

A)provides a quick and relatively accurate "picture" of the data
B)has the ability to reduce data to the nominal level of measurement
C)requires a minimum of calculation
D)all of the above

Question 10

What are most statistics primarily designed for?

A)to tell us something about error
B)to provide the best measurement possible
C)to provide estimates of probability
D)to predict outcomes

Question 11

There are two basic types of variance.They are:

A)constants and variables
B)error variance and real variance
C)systematic variance and random variance
D)none of the above

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the concept of "variance"?

A)change is inevitable and all around us
B)differences in measurement results
C)real fluctuations in measurement
D)a and c above

Question 13

Foundation concepts underlying the reason for,and the use of,statistics are:

A)error and variance
B)probability and error
C)variance and probability
D)variance and chance

Question 14

Statistics are merely ways to make sense of and understand quantitative information.

Question 15

The two basic reasons for variance are

A)estimates of error and measuring instruments
B)robustness and power
C)simple statistics and poor understanding of statistical assumptions
D)measurement inaccuracy and true differences between measurements

Question 16

Before taking a statistics course,everyone has already used statistics.Which of these is (are)an example of these statistics?

A)hash marks
B)bar graph
C)percentages
D)all of the above

Question 17

There are three general types of statistics.Which of the following is NOT one of those?

A)graphic
B)predictive
C)descriptive
D)inferential

Question 18

A constant is best characterized as:

A)a variable that only changes under certain circumstances
B)a dependable phenomenon
C)unchanging measurement
D)the absence of error

Question 19

Estimates of error will always have error in them.

Question 20

The different statistics we use to tell us about variance and error have different capabilities,particularly in regard to their accuracy and ability to withstand problems in the data.

Question 21

Descriptive statistics are designed to describe statistical significance of a relationship.

Question 22

Predictive statistics measure the strength of a relationship.

Question 23

Inferential statistics are used to establish the accuracy of measurement.

Question 24

A constant is a variable that always demonstrates a relationship with another variable.