Deck 15: Personality and Social Interaction

Question 1

According to the assortative mating hypothesis, individuals who score high on extraversion scales will prefer potential mates who score high on

A)agreeableness.
B)introversion.
C)neuroticism.
D)extraversion.

Answer 1

extraversion.

Question 2

Francis, a miserable cook, is looking for a spouse who is a wonderful cook. Francis' preference for someone who cooks would support the hypothesis on human
Mating.

A)complementary needs
B)assortative mating
C)wishful thinking
D)self-deception

Answer 2

complementary needs

Question 3

The complementary needs theory states that individuals select mates

A)with personality characteristics similar to their own.
B)with personality characteristics that differ from theirs.
C)who have characteristics that are related to marital satisfaction.
D)who fulfill their needs for being complimented and flattered.

Answer 3

with personality characteristics that differ from theirs.

Question 4

According to international research, the characteristic most desirable in a mate is

A)openness.
B)agreeableness.
C)extraversion.
D)mutual attraction or love.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways discussed in the text that illustrate how personality interacts with situations?

A)Manipulation
B)Selection
C)Evocation
D)Satisfaction

Question 6

In 1997, Botwin, Buss, and Shackelford found that individuals preferred mates with personality traits that

A)were strongly skewed to the positive pole of each personality trait.
B)matched their opposite sex parent's personality traits.
C)made up for deficits in their own personality traits.
D)were similar to their own personality traits.

Question 7

People who are married to someone who scores high on all of these personality traits EXCEPT tend to be more satisfied in their relationships than individuals whose spouse score low on this trait.

A)extraversion
B)emotional stability
C)agreeableness
D)openness to experience

Question 8

When a person's behaviour unintentionally elicits a certain response from another person, we observe

A)evocation.
B)selection.
C)provocation.
D)manipulation.

Question 9

Samantha places an on-line personal ad. In her ad she writes that she is very outgoing, conscientious, and open to experience. She states that she wants the same characteristics
In potential mate. Her ad supports the hypothesis of mate selection.

A)self-deception
B)wishful thinking
C)complimentary needs
D)assortative mating

Question 10

Correlations between a person's preferences ratings for personality characteristics in a mate and ratings of the mate's personality characteristics measured across different sources of data are

A)weakly negative.
B)moderately positive.
C)close to zero.
D)weakly positive.

Question 11

People consider personality traits most when they friends.

A)select
B)argue with
C)manipulate
D)evoke

Question 12

Which of the following is most important to most people in choosing a mate?

A)Personality characteristics
B)Health
C)Good looks
D)Political ideology

Question 13

People who are married to someone who has personality characteristics close to their ratings of their preferred partner are

A)slightly much more satisfied than people who are married to someone less like their ideal.
B)less satisfied than people who are married to someone less like their ideal.
C)no different from other people in terms of satisfaction.
D)much more satisfied than people who are married to someone less like their ideal.

Question 14

A boy who persuades his brother to steal some candy demonstrates the concept of

A)selection.
B)stagnation.
C)evocation.
D)manipulation.

Question 15

The social and cultural domain of knowledge emphasizes the effects of on an individual's behaviour more than other approaches emphasize those factors.

A)external factors
B)internal factors
C)conscious factors
D)unconscious factors

Question 16

If a person is treated nicely because she is a friendly person the mechanism of _ may be operating.

A)evocation
B)manipulation
C)selection
D)stagnation

Question 17

People who are married to someone who has high trait ratings for agreeableness report higher levels of marital satisfaction

A)if their spouse also has high trait ratings for surgency.
B)if their spouse also has high trait ratings for emotional instability.
C)if their spouse also has low trait ratings for intellect-openness.
D)no matter what other personality traits their spouse has.

Question 18

Intentionally influencing other people's behaviour is known as

A)evocation.
B)selection.
C)manipulation.
D)stagnation.

Question 19

Which of the following names the theory that states that individuals select individuals with characteristics similar to their own for marriage partners?

A)Matching hypothesis
B)Long-term mating
C)Assortative mating
D)Mirror image mating

Question 20

Investigators have found evidence for assortative mating

A)for almost every variable that has been investigated.
B)in a few selected variables important in the area of evolutionary psychology.
C)only for physical characteristics (height, weight, etc.).
D)only for psychological characteristics (attitudes, beliefs, personality traits).

Question 21

In terms of health issues, shy women when compared to non-shy women.

A)are more likely to see a gynecologist
B)avoid potentially dangerous sexual situations
C)are less likely to see a gynecologist
D)are more likely to insist on contraception before having sex

Question 22

Aggressive people tend to evoke from others.

A)hostility
B)understanding
C)submission
D)praise

Question 23

The following are all examples of how personality traits guide the selection of situations EXCEPT individuals scoring high on

A)sensation-seeking scales avoid risky situations.
B)Machiavellianism scales prefer face-to-face situations.
C)emphases scales are likely to volunteer for community activities.
D)psychoticism scales choose volatile and spontaneous situations.

Question 24

Shy people engage in all of the following behaviours more than less shy people EXCEPT they

A)create socially isolating situations.
B)take fewer risks.
C)are more likely to get divorced.
D)avoid other people.

Question 25

According to the "violation of desire" theory, people are most likely to break up with mates

A)who lack widely sought personality characteristics in a mate, such as dependability, emotional stability, or pleasing disposition.
B)who violate the person's desire to reach their level of optimal reproductively success.
C)who discover, over time, that their partner no longer meets their complementary needs.
D)with whom they are no longer romantically infatuated after a period of time in the relationship.

Question 26

The finding that partners in a relationship who are dissimilar in personality are more likely to break up supports the

A)complementary needs hypothesis.
B)attraction similarity theory.
C)assortative mating hypothesis.
D)violation of desire theory.

Question 27

Low levels of which of the following personality traits are NOT correlated with a higher likelihood of a divorce or breakup in a relationship?

A)Conscientiousness
B)Openness
C)Emotional stability
D)Agreeableness

Question 28

Research on assortative mating in gay couples suggests that compared to straight couples, gay male couples are less homogenous on what 2 traits?

A)age and income
B)age and education
C)age and ethnicity
D)education and income

Question 29

Individuals scoring high on sensation-seeking scales prefer NOT to select situations that

A)involve unusual psychological experiments on topics such as drugs or sex.
B)are characterized by higher risk sexual behaviour.
C)consists of a series of highly repetitive tasks.
D)frequently involve attending parties where alcohol or drugs are available.

Question 30

Research on gay couples suggests similarity in characteristics compared to straight couples.

A)much less
B)much more
C)slightly more
D)slightly less

Question 31

Buss, Block, and Block found that highly active children elicited behaviours to bring them under control by their parents and teachers. This finding is an example of the mechanism of person-environment mechanism of

A)exasperation.
B)manipulation.
C)provocation.
D)evocation.

Question 32

Regarding research on assortative mating in gay and lesbian couples, we can say that

A)the research has been largely inconclusive despite the number of studies conducted.
B)sufficient research has been conducted to make accurate comparisons with straight couples.
C)more research has been conducted on assortative mating in lesbian couples compared to gay male couples.
D)more research is needed to understand how and to what extent assortative mating occurs in different-sex relationships.

Question 33

Husbands who score low on conscientiousness tend to evoke anger from their wives by

A)withholding sex.
B)drinking too much.
C)having extramarital affairs.
D)being abusive.

Question 34

The tendency to feel tense, anxious, or worried during social interactions, or even when anticipating a social interaction, is known as

A)openness.
B)shyness.
C)expectation confirmation.
D)emotional stability.

Question 35

In terms of personality, the best predictor of divorce is

A)high levels of emotional stability.
B)high levels of openness.
C)low levels of emotional stability.
D)low levels of openness.

Question 36

As they walk down the hallway, Bob accidentally bumps into Chuck, a well-known neighbourhood bully. Chuck immediately becomes aggressive, demanding that Bob tell him what he meant to do when he bumped into him. Chuck's behaviour demonstrates the
________ attributional bias.

A)externalization
B)hostile
C)aggressive
D)fundamental

Question 37

Women who are married to men who score high on openness rate their

A)husbands as being someone in whom they can confide.
B)husbands as sources of stimulating conversation compared to other women's view of their husbands.
C)husbands as being sources of encouragement and support.
D)love and affection expressed with their husbands as being high.

Question 38

Evocation is NOT demonstrated in which of the following situations?

A)When a wife nags her husband to get something accomplished.
B)When a charismatic person walks into a room and a dull party becomes enjoyable.
C)When a husband's actions cause a wife to behave in ways that anger her husband.
D)When a person acts in a way that causes an emotional response in another person.

Question 39

The finding that aggressive people interpret ambiguous situations as hostile demonstrates the

A)evocative imperative.
B)paranoid externalization bias.
C)fundamental situation error.
D)hostile attributional bias.

Question 40

Husband who score low on tend to evoke anger from their wives by being condescending, failing to spend time with them, neglecting them, and ignoring their feelings.

A)conscientiousness
B)agreeableness
C)openness
D)extraversion

Question 41

Which of the following is an example of the hardball manipulation tactic?

A)Hitting someone.
B)Acting in a loving way.
C)Bribing someone.
D)Whining.

Question 42

Machiavellian strategies work best

A)when they are used on untrusting people.
B)in unstructured situations.
C)in structured situations.
D)when they are used by trusting people.

Question 43

Telling someone that "everyone else is doing it" is an example of the manipulation tactic.

A)social comparison
B)self-abasement
C)hardball
D)charm

Question 44

People who are being manipulated by another person are

A)likely to attempt a retaliatory manipulation.
B)affected by the person doing the manipulating.
C)always harmed by the manipulation.
D)less likely to use manipulation themselves.

Question 45

Showing someone how fun an activity will be is an example of the manipulation tactic.

A)silent treatment
B)hardball
C)pleasure induction
D)self-abasement

Question 46

Individuals who are highly agreeable tend to evoke than individuals with lower agreeableness scores.

A)longer conversations with peers
B)far less interpersonal conflict
C)more upper limit control
D)much more love from their spouses

Question 47

People who score tend to evoke the most anger from their spouses.

A)low on conscientiousness
B)low on agreeableness
C)high on conscientiousness
D)high on agreeableness

Question 48

People who score high on Machiavellianism are more likely to pursue a

A)tit-for-tat strategy.
B)reciprocal strategy.
C)long-term social strategy.
D)short-term social strategy.

Question 49

A(n)is a classification scheme based on the categorization of things into groups.

A)taxonomy
B)hierarchy
C)assortment
D)circumplex

Question 50

The manipulation tactic of might involve yelling at someone.

A)responsibility invocation
B)charm
C)coercion
D)reason

Question 51

Which of the following is an example of regression?

A)Acting submissive.
B)Whining.
C)Bribing someone.
D)Not talking to someone until they do what you want.

Question 52

is the deliberate, manipulative style of behaviour that uses other individuals for personal gain.

A)Zoroasterism
B)Dictatorialism
C)Rastafarianism
D)Machiavellianism

Question 53

Niccolo Machiavelli was a 16th century Italian

A)diplomat.
B)cardinal.
C)inventor.
D)prince.

Question 54

You have heard that Dean X has a reputation for being very arrogant and condescending to students. One day your professor sends you to see the Dean to discuss an important educational issue. You are quite apprehensive when you enter the Dean's office and act very nervous and anxious. Since Dean X does not suffer fools, he snaps at you, thus
Confirming the _ that you evoked.

A)expectancy confirmations
B)self-fulfilling corroborations
C)behavioural verifications
D)likelihood substantiations

Question 55

The only tactic of manipulation with a mean difference between men and women was found to be

A)a monetary reward.
B)coercion.
C)silent treatment.
D)regression.

Question 56

Research on the differential-use manipulation tactics by men and women has found that

A)women are more likely to use the reason tactic.
B)men and women use different tactics about the same amount.
C)men are more likely to use the hardball tactic.
D)women are more likely to use the self-abasement tactic.

Question 57

The taxonomy of manipulation tactics described in the text was developed with

A)behavioural tests.
B)physiological measures.
C)observer reports based on lengthy questionnaires.
D)a two-step procedure: nominations of acts of influence and factor analysis of self-reports and observer-reports of the previously nominated acts.

Question 58

Which of the following statements would a person scoring high on Machiavellianism agree with?

A)Honesty is the best policy.
B)Cooperation is the best strategy.
C)It is wise to flatter important people.
D)Most people are generally good and kind.

Question 59

The phenomenon of expectancy confirmations are also known as

A)self-fulfilling prophesies.
B)behavioural substantiations.
C)evocative corroborations.
D)likelihood verifications.

Question 60

A study showed that when people had to interact with a person whom they expected to be a hostile person they

A)were more accommodating towards the person.
B)acted more agreeable towards the person.
C)acted more neurotic towards the person.
D)were more hostile towards the person.

Question 61

In research examining the personality correlates of Internet trolling behaviour, frequency of online commenting was significantly associated with higher levels of Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and what additional two traits?

A)sadism and neuroticism
B)narcissism and neuroticism
C)narcissism and sadism
D)introversion and narcissism

Question 62

The personality trait which involves enjoyment gained from the displeasure or pain of others is referred to as

A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)Machiavellianism.
C)dispositional sadism.
D)social pessimism.

Question 63

People who score low on tend to use the self-abasement manipulation tactic more often.

A)surgency
B)emotional stability
C)agreeableness
D)conscientiousness

Question 64

Workers who score low on Machiavellianism make more money

A)in companies where there are many rules.
B)compared to people who score high.
C)in companies that frequently evaluate performance.
D)in companies where there are few rules.

Question 65

The manipulation tactic most often used by people low in emotional stability is

A)regression.
B)hardball.
C)pleasure induction.
D)self-abasement.

Question 66

A study by Wilson et al. showed that people who scored high in Machiavellianism were

A)less likely to steal money.
B)more likely to prefer highly structured situations.
C)more likely to lie about stealing money.
D)scrupulously honest in financial transactions.

Question 67

People who score low on intellect-openness tend to use the manipulation tactic of ________ most.

A)silent treatment
B)social comparison
C)regression
D)reason

Question 68

Narcissists who are very self-aggrandizing tend to evoke reactions of other people. from

A)humility
B)exasperation
C)anger
D)laughter

Question 69

Narcissists react to failure by

A)derogating other people.
B)engaging in self-abasement.
C)becoming socially withdrawn.
D)accepting responsibility for their actions.

Question 70

The following are all characteristics of narcissism EXCEPT

A)apathetic behaviour.
B)being exploitative.
C)being grandiose.
D)being self-centred.

Question 71

The proposal of a 'dark tetrad' of personality traits includes the addition of

A)psychoticism.
B)Machiavellianism.
C)dispositional sadism.
D)neuroticism.

Question 72

Among the Big Five traits, Internet trolls appear to be in extraversion and ________ in agreeableness.

A)lower; higher
B)lower; lower
C)higher; higher
D)higher; lower

Question 73

Narcissists tend to use a predictable set of manipulation tactics which are typically exemplified by being in social situations.

A)very generous and giving and described as altruistic
B)supportive and nurturing
C)very aggressive and hostile
D)exploitative of others and being described as "users"

Question 74

Judy chooses friends who admire her and reflect her highly positive view of herself. Judy most likely scores high on the personality trait of

A)manipulation.
B)narcissism.
C)Machiavellianism.
D)extraversion.

Question 75

People who score high on intellect-openness tend to use the manipulation tactic of ________ most.

A)pleasure induction
B)self-abasement
C)hardball
D)reason

Question 76

Enjoyment gained from Internet trolling has been associated with all components of the 'dark tetrad' of personality EXCEPT

A)psychopathy.
B)narcissism.
C)Machiavellianism.
D)dispositional sadism.

Question 77

People who score high on tend to use the manipulation tactics of pleasure induction and reason more.

A)surgency
B)emotional stability
C)agreeableness
D)conscientiousness