Deck 5: Racial and Ethnic Inequality

Question 1

The number of races in the world is

A) down to three, due to migration
B) up to five, due to multiculturalism
C) socially defined
D) four, as currently defined by physical and cultural anthropologists

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The largest number of Native Americans live

A) in major urban areas
B) on reservations
C) in rural Oklahoma
D) in the Dakotas

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an immigrant group in the United States?

A) Puerto Ricans
B) Koreans
C) Dominicans
D) Taiwanese

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The first Mexican Americans in California and the Southwest were the result of

A) the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
B) the Immigration Act of 1865
C) the Trail of Tears
D) the Bracero Program

Question 5

The Latino group that is the best off economically is:

A) Mexican Americans
B) Puerto Ricans
C) Cuban Americans
D) Dominican Americans

Question 6

The "giddy multitude" that participated in unrest in early Virginia was made up of

A) black slaves and freemen
B) blacks and poor whites
C) black slaves and Susquehanna Indians
D) Algonquin tribes and French voyageurs

Question 7

The "Indian Fighter" who was president during Indian removal and the Trail of Tears was

A) Andrew Jackson
B) "Stonewall" Jackson
C) Jesse Jackson
D) Michael Jackson

Question 8

The poorest Native Americans live

A) in Los Angeles ghettoes
B) in the northeastern U.S.
C) in Oklahoma
D) on isolated reservations

Question 9

The "Trail of Tears" moved thousands of Native Americans to

A) Indian Territory, now Oklahoma
B) tiny Eastern reservations
C) extermination camps
D) Canada

Question 10

All Native Americans became citizens of the U.S. in the

A) 1780s with the Northwest Territories Ordinance
B) 1860s with the 13th Amendment
C) 1920s by Congressional action
D) 1960s with the Civil Rights Act

Question 11

The 1887 Dawes Act was part of a series of attempts to encourage Native American

A) genocide
B) assimilation
C) autonomy
D) emancipation

Question 12

Within a few years after the Civil War, many rural Southern African Americans worked as

A) teamsters
B) indentured servants
C) sharecroppers
D) railroad workers

Question 13

Michael Hechter contends that Ireland was treated as an internal colony of

A) Scotland
B) Great Britain
C) the United States
D) France

Question 14

At the time they were forced to leave the Carolinas, the Cherokee were

A) settled farmers
B) nomadic hunters
C) scattered foragers
D) raiding war parties

Question 15

During the termination period of U.S. government policy toward American Indians, the government attempted

A) mass genocide
B) to move Indians westward
C) to eliminate reservations
D) to slaughter the buffalo

Question 16

Thomas Jefferson believed that black slaves should be

A) given land allotments of 160 acres to become small farmers
B) eventually freed and removed from American society
C) watched over forever by kind slavemasters
D) recruited to fight in the Indian wars

Question 17

The policy of the "Indian New Deal" of the Roosevelt administration, and promoted by Collier, was to give Native American groups

A) a land allotment
B) greater autonomy
C) citizenship
D) a final ultimatum

Question 18

Before joining the U.S. as a slave state, Texas had been

A) owned by Spain, part of Mexico, and an independent republic
B) ruled by the Austrian emperor Maximilian c . part of French North America
D) designated as the Indian Territory

Question 19

Internal colonialism sees ethnic and racial problems as rooted primarily in issues of

A) perception and ignorance
B) culture and misunderstanding
C) control and exploitation of land and labor
D) boundaries and isolation of remote groups

Question 20

The Bracero Program:

A) encouraged Mexican labor migration to the U.S.
B) encouraged Mexican immigration into the U.S.
C) forcibly removed Mexican nationals from the U.S.
D) led to the annexation of California and Texas

Question 21

Due to affirmative action, African Americans now have lower unemployment rates than non-Hispanic white Americans.

Question 22

When they first arrived in the United States, Irish immigrants were sometimes considered to be a separate race.

Question 23

Proponents of international colonialism believe that racial prejudice is part of the human psyche and will always exist.

Question 24

Thanks to casinos, rural Native Americans are now much wealthier than the U.S. average.

Question 25

Many social scientists contend that race is socially constructed rather than biologically defined.

Question 26

Most sociologists challenge the claims that Herrnstein and Murray make in the Bell Curve that inner-city poor remain in poverty because

A) they are discriminated against
B) they are genetically less intelligent
C) they are likely to be drug addicted
D) inner-city housing is deteriorating

Question 27

U.S. society is now postracial in that income, education, and poverty no longer vary by racial or ethnic category.

Question 28

Advocates of the culture-of-poverty view believe that:

A) social structures perpetuate poverty
B) the poor have psychological and cultural shortcomings
C) we need to do more to help the poor
D) the poor are not a homogeneous group

Question 29

Chinese Americans in the Midwest, Korean Americans in Los Angeles, and Cuban Americans in Miami have all shared:

A) high rates of entrepreneurship
B) the experience of discriminatory government policies
C) a tendency to work in the secondary labor market
D) an inability to prosper in the American economy

Question 30

Some accents and styles of speech are accorded more prestige than others.

Question 31

According to Oscar Lewis, a culture of poverty may be perpetuated across generations because of

A) continued discrimination
B) loss of jobs overseas
C) its effect on poor children
D) its benefits for wealthy elites

Question 32

"Lace curtain Irish" were more readily accepted than "Shanty Irish" because they

A) were middle class
B) spoke English
C) were white
D) were protestant

Question 33

Internal colonialism sees prejudice and discrimination as being rooted in labor exploitation.

Question 34

According to Gunnar Myrdal's American Dilemma, negative stereotypes of black Americans are

A) justifications for discrimination that violates American ideals
B) the result of biased television coverage
C) an innate (natural) part of human nature
D) the result of propaganda by hate groups

Question 35

Political cartoons and speeches portrayed Irish immigration as a threat to American society because many of the Irish were

A) political radicals
B) Roman Catholic
C) potato farmers
D) infected with smallpox

Question 36

What are the key beliefs of the culture-of-poverty approach?

Question 37

A common neighborhood reaction to middleman minorities is:

A) stereotyping the new group as lazy
B) barring the new group from starting businesses
C) a mix of hostility and suspicion
D) a pattern of wage discrimination

Question 38

Structuralist theories of poverty, such as advanced by William Ryan, are likely to stress the effects of the structure of the:

A) economy
B) family
C) ethnic group
D) value system of the poor

Question 39

What groups in the United States have used middleman minority strategies?

Question 40

A good example of a group with what Portes calls an ethnic enclave economy is:

A) African Americans in Philadelphia
B) Laotians in Rockford
C) Cuban Americans in Miami
D) Mexican Americans in Los Angeles

Question 41

What are the key arguments of structural approaches to race, ethnicity, and poverty?

Question 42

The concept of internal colonialism best fits the experience of which ethnic and racial groups? Offer examples. Are there currently internal colonial people in the United States or elsewhere? Who might these be?

Question 43

Give examples of the way language is used as a marker of class position as well as racial and ethnic identity. Are there other such markers that are predominant in social interaction?

Question 44

In what ways has whiteness been a category of privilege in U.S. history? In what ways is this still true and in what ways is it changing? Are there new categories of privilege?