Deck 3: The Global Divide: Inequality Across Societies

Question 1

Income inequality between countries has declined slightly, due almost entirely to the rapid economic growth in

A) Saudi Arabia and Kuwait
B) the European Union
C) China and India
D) Mexico and Brazil

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The movement of jobs from the industrialized world to the Third World is one aspect of

A) colonialism
B) imperialism
C) globalization
D) polarization

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Neoliberalism is an economic approach that emphasizes the benefits of

A) free markets and free trade
B) free healthcare
C) universal free education
D) free democratic elections

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Large amounts of the world's lightweight consumer goods are made in a string of cities along

A) the U.S. Mississippi River
B) China's Pearl River
C) Europe's Rhine River
D) the upper Nile River

Question 5

In Mexico, much of the growth in industrial production has been in

A) agricultural products
B) metals and mining
C) export processing zones
D) military weapons plants

Question 6

Jobs most recently outsourced to India have included

A) assembly of Barbie Dolls and toys
B) engineering, radiology, and technical support
C) watchmaking and appliance repair
D) production of medicines and pharmaceuticals

Question 7

In their search for cheap labor for assembly work, multinational corporations have tended to hire

A) young women
B) children
C) unemployed men
D) landless peasants

Question 8

World systems and dependency theorists have maintained that a major reason poor nations stay poor is

A) lack of natural resources
B) lack of motivation to change
C) neocolonialism
D) unwillingness to break with tradition

Question 9

Modernization theorists maintained that the people of developing nations needed

A) an achievement orientation
B) greater social consciousness
C) a revolutionary ideology
D) greater ethnic pride

Question 10

Structural adjustment programs sponsored by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) often call on troubled countries to:

A) spend more on basic needs for the poor
B) promote self-sufficiency rather than depend on exports
C) reduce government spending and inflation
D) bring warring factions to the peace table

Question 11

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, immigrants and guest workers to the United States often came as

A) industrial and railroad laborers
B) nurses and physicians
C) small businesspeople and itinerant merchants
D) childcare workers for working women

Question 12

World systems theory sees the world economic system as divided into

A) the free world and the communist world
B) the East, the Middle East, and the West
C) modern, modernizing, and traditionalist states
D) a core, semiperiphery, and periphery

Question 13

The fastest-growing industrial type in Mexico is

A) steel and heavy industry
B) computers and microchips
C) mining and ore processing
D) maquiladora assembly

Question 14

The most unequal advanced industrial country in the world is

A) Japan
B) Great Britain
C) the United States
D) Italy

Question 15

Global export markets led to the rapid economic growth of

A) Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala
B) Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan
C) Egypt, Sudan, Libya, and Tunisia
D) Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, and Slovakia

Question 16

According to dependency theorists, for developing nations, multinational corporations are a major source of

A) diffusion and innovation
B) distortion and exploitation
C) jobs for unemployed men
D) much-needed modern technology

Question 17

Dependency theorists contend that poor nations suffer from

A) economic backwardness
B) a lack of Western technology
C) isolation from the world economy
D) economic distortions

Question 18

Athletic shoes are now often made in

A) France and Italy
B) offshore plants in the Caribbean
C) export processing zones in Asia
D) South Bend, Indiana

Question 19

One problem with free-market economies is

A) they are not very productive
B) there are not enough industrial products to fill growing markets
C) they only reward countries with great natural resources
D) they tend to produce great inequalities

Question 20

In Europe, the United States, and parts of East Asia, guest workers, legal and illegal, are now sought for

A) industrial jobs
B) dangerous occupations like mining
C) childcare and household work
D) engineering and design work

Question 21

Dependency theorists believe that poor countries need greater involvement by multinational corporations and more focus on exports.

Question 22

Since everyone is poor, poor countries often have little inequality within their borders.

Question 23

Due to high levels of immigration, a greater portion of the U.S. population is foreign born than ever before.

Question 24

What are major causes of the "double divide" between and among nations? What factors are emphasized by dependency and world systems theorists, by modernization theorists, and by neoclassical economists?

Question 25

World systems theorists believe that the periphery benefits from close ties to the global economic core.

Question 26

Modernization theorists believe that poor societies need to modernize their attitudes toward economic activity as well as their technology.

Question 27

China has become a major exporter of items, from shoes to toys, that used to be made in the American Midwest.

Question 28

Dependency theorists contend that global capitalism has brought what three negative consequences to dependent nations?

Question 29

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the international division of labor and of global markets?

Question 30

World systems theorists contend the world economic system can be divided into what three types of countries?

Question 31

Decreases in world poverty have been largely due to economic gains in parts of Asia.

Question 32

Modernization theorists contended that developing countries needed what three key aspects of modernity?

Question 33

Neoliberal economists emphasize free markets and private enterprise rather than government programs as best for economic growth.

Question 34

How has globalization changed economies and the lives of workers? Is it likely to lead to greater poverty or greater prosperity? What factors support your point of view?

Question 35

A problem for free-market systems is that they tend to operate best in conditions of relative equality but tend to produce great economic inequality.

Question 36

In the United Nations' measure of human development, the country that is consistently number one with the best human development is the United States.