Deck 4: Historical Origins and Evolution

Question 1

Which era brought the formation of what remains the largest public relations professional association-the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA)?

A)Seedbed Era
B)World War I
C)Booming Twenties Era
D)Roosevelt Era
E)Postwar Era

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Amos Kendall, an unsung pioneer of public relations, was a key member of which president's "Kitchen Cabinet" during the late 1820s and early 1830s-working as pollster, counselor, ghostwriter, and publicist?

A)Abraham Lincoln
B)Theodore Roosevelt
C)Herbert Hoover
D)Andrew Jackson
E)Woodrow Wilson

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which practitioner is credited with coining the term "public relations counsel" in the 1923 book Crystallizing Public Opinion?

A)George Creel
B)Edward Bernays
C)John W.Hill
D)Carl Byoir
E)Ivy Lee

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The forerunner of today's public relations firms-The Publicity Bureau, founded in Boston-gained national prominence in 1906 when it was employed by which one of the following?

A)Ford Motor Company
B)Standard Oil Company
C)The nation's railroads
D)The meat packers
E)President Theodore Roosevelt

Question 5

You then point out that historian Allan Nevins said that Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay engineered "history's finest public relations job" to gain national acceptance of the U.S.Constitution.This organized effort to urge ratification of the Constitution included which one of the following?

A)Church bulletins posted throughout the colonies
B)Meetings with newspaper editorial boards
C)The Federalist Papers written to newspapers
D)A combination of news releases and feature stories
E)Town criers preaching the virtues of the new Constitution

Question 6

In which of the following eras did muckraking journalism lead to widespread introduction of public relations in business?

A)Seedbed Era
B)World War I
C)Booming Twenties Era
D)Postwar Era
E)Roosevelt Era

Question 7

Beginning in 1897, the term "public relations" appeared with increasing frequency in literature and executives' speeches in which industry?

A)Circus
B)Banking
C)Automobile
D)Oil
E)Railroad

Question 8

What organization in 1641 conducted the first fund-raising effort documented in the United States, including the first of countless public relations pamphlets and brochures?

A)Harvard College
B)The New England Confederation
C)The British Colonial government
D)The founders of New Haven
E)The Committees of Correspondence

Question 9

You start by pointing out that the first use of the term "propaganda" was in the seventeenth century by which one of the following?

A)The Catholic Church
B)Political campaigners
C)Early settlers in the Colonies
D)Explorers trying to promote trips to the New World
E)Military units trying to cause low morale among enemy troops

Question 10

The first full-time public relations practitioners were drawn from the ranks of which one of the following?

A)Business
B)Journalism
C)Government
D)The Publicity Bureau
E)Revolutionaries

Question 11

Which one of the following best accounts for the early development of public relations in the United States?

A)The Catholic Church's "propagating the faith"
B)The United States efforts to support wars
C)Power conflicts tied to political reform movements
D)The continuing struggle between employers and employees
E)A planned, sustained effort by the profession to promote education in the field

Question 12

What company started the first corporate public relations department in 1889?

A)Westinghouse
B)Illinois Central Railroad
C)Burlington Railroad
D)Standard Oil
E)Carnegie-Frick Steel Company

Question 13

Who struggled for professional equality because of her gender, worked as a partner with her husband in their firm, was an early feminist who kept her maiden name after marriage, and had to stay in the background while her husband gave advice to business leaders?

A)Leone Baxter
B)Alice Beeman
C)Constantine Clarke
D)Doris Fleischman
E)Mary Swain Routzahn

Question 14

Who changed the scope of his practice from publicity to counseling clients and said, "If you issue an untruth in a public statement, it is going to be challenged just as soon as it sees the light"?

A)George Creel
B)Edward Bernays
C)John W.Hill
D)Carl Byoir
E)Ivy Lee

Question 15

The Publicity Bureau opened for business in 1900 "to do a general press agent business for as many clients as possible for as good pay as the traffic would bear." What organization was the Publicity Bureau's first client?

A)Westinghouse
B)Illinois Central Railroad
C)Burlington Railroad
D)Harvard University
E)Standard Oil

Question 16

Public relations textbooks written in the _________ era reflect the change from the "journalist-in-residence, telling-our-story" model of public relations to the "adjustment and adaptation" approach.

A)Protest and Empowerment
B)Roosevelt Era
C)Postwar Era
D)Booming Twenties Era
E)Digitalization and Globalization

Question 17

In the Seedbed Era, the Committee on Public Information demonstrated the power of publicity to mobilize public opinion.Whom did President Wilson appoint to head the effort to gain public support for U.S.entry into World War I?

A)George Creel
B)Edward Bernays
C)John W.Hill
D)Carl Byoir
E)Ivy Lee

Question 18

Which two authors helped pave the way for public relations to become an area of academic study and professional practice when they published the first edition of our text, Effective Public Relations, in 1952?

A)Harold Burson and Ivy Lee
B)Arthur Page and Paul Garrett
C)Leone Baxter and Clem Whitaker
D)Scott Cutlip and Allen Center
E)Jim Grunig and George Creel

Question 19

Which practitioner is credited as being the first to realize the fallacy of publicity unsupported by good deeds, was among the first to use the "handout" (press release)on a large scale, and had great impact on the practice by issuing a "Declaration of Principles" in 1906?

A)George Creel
B)Edward Bernays
C)John W.Hill
D)Carl Byoir
E)Ivy Lee

Question 20

Which of the following was called "the best job of public relations known to history," because "ignorance was supplied with information and illustration"?

A)Attracting British to settle New England
B)The Federalist Papers
C)The Boston Tea Party
D)Indian resettlement
E)The Narragansett Campaign

Question 21

Which one of the following accepted the position of corporate vice president of public relations on the conditions that he would have a voice in policy, that company performance would be the basis of its reputation, and that he would not simply serve as a publicity specialist?

A)Carl Byoir
B)Ivy Lee
C)Edward Bernays
D)Rex Harlow
E)Arthur Page

Question 22

When the nation's first publicity agency was founded in the mid-1900s, common practices included keeping clients' names secret and paying newspapers to carry the information provided by the agency.Which early pioneer changed these practices when he issued what later became known as the "Declaration of Principles"?

A)Carl Byoir
B)Ivy Lee
C)Edward Bernays
D)Rex Harlow
E)Arthur Page