Deck 6: Sociological Explanations of Juvenile Delinquency: Labeling and Radicalconflict Theories

Question 1

A social role __________.

A)is usually not noted
B)has no real relation to status
C)is of little concern to most citizens
D)is the set of behavior expectations that accompanies a particular status

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The concept of "Definition of the Situation" is associated with __________.

A)W.I.Thomas
B)M.D.Wiatrowski
C)W.D.Watts
D)W.E.Thompson

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following principles comprise the foundation for the labeling theory of deviant and delinquent behavior?

A)only social status
B)only social roles
C)only social expectations
D)social status,social roles,and social expectations

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Frank Tannenbaum concluded __________.

A)description has no effect on a person
B)people do not care how they are described
C)the adult criminal is usually the delinquent grown up
D)people are difficult to describe

Question 5

The concept of "Definition of the Situation" essentially means that __________.

A)when people define a situation as real,it becomes real in its consequences
B)situations are defined differently
C)situations can cause serious consequences
D)no situation is ever the same

Question 6

Another name for Interactionist Theory is __________.

A)Climbing Theory
B)Dressing Theory
C)Labeling Theory
D)Foreign Theory

Question 7

Howard Becker defined and described labeling as __________.

A)an interactive process
B)a political process
C)an educational process
D)an unimportant process

Question 8

The concept of a "role engulfment" is associated with __________.

A)Everett Hughes
B)Erving Goffman
C)Howard Becker
D)Edwin Schur

Question 9

What did Frank Tannenbaum emphasize?

A)the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one
B)the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons
C)the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors
D)the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

Question 10

"Tagging" is associated with the view that __________.

A)special privileges should be given to special prisoners
B)the greater evil lies in the societal treatment,not in the original act
C)solitary confinement
D)inadequate medical care in prison

Question 11

Perhaps Howard Becker's major contribution to labeling theory was his __________.

A)idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors
B)view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society
C)suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career
D)notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

Question 12

Social status __________.

A)is not important in the United States
B)pertains to a person's particular religion
C)is an individual's prestige position
D)has no relation to formal education

Question 13

Robert Merton's idea of the self-fulfilling prophecy is that of __________.

A)relative unimportance
B)having no effect on future behavior
C)a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind
D)causing a variety of activities

Question 14

The classic concept of the "Looking-Glass Self" is associated with __________.

A)Sutherland and Cressey
B)B.F.Skinner
C)G.M.Sykes and D.Matza
D)Charles Horton Cooley and W.I.Thomas

Question 15

What view did Howard Becker propound in this book,The Outsiders?

A)deviance cannot be seen
B)deviance is the same to all
C)deviance,like beauty,exists in the eyes of the beholder
D)deviance really does not exist

Question 16

A biological characteristic such as sex or age __________.

A)does not affect social status
B)may ascribe social status
C)is never considered in matters relating to social status
D)is the only factor affecting social status

Question 17

The modern labeling approach is often attributed to the work of __________.

A)Edwin Lemert
B)Thomas Stallwork
C)George Giles
D)William Russell

Question 18

When does primary deviation occur?

A)when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts)but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist
B)when an individual's self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed
C)when a deviant act is instigated by the parent
D)when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

Question 19

Who is the author of Crime and Community?

A)Frank Tannenbaum
B)D.E.Strickland
C)W.D.Watts
D)D.J.Shoemaker

Question 20

Considerable social status may be derived __________.

A)only from one's level of education
B)only from one's occupation
C)from one's level of education and occupation
D)from being convicted of a major white collar crime

Question 21

A social role is the set of behavior expectations that accompanies a particular status.

Question 22

The level of social status assigned to an individual may not be modified by taking on new roles.

Question 23

Marx denied that the system of capitalism had an effect on the separation and ranking of social classes.

Question 24

Terence Thornberry (1979)found that the handling of delinquent youths in a stern manner generally __________.

A)was not noticed
B)could not be noticed for an effect
C)resulted in greater criminality
D)did not result in greater criminality

Question 25

As people grow older and have new experiences,society seldom changes their social statuses,and assigns few new roles to them.

Question 26

According to Herman and Julia Schwendinger,what is the best predictor of delinquency?

A)religiosity
B)level of educational attainment
C)personal health
D)the youth's relative position among other teenagers

Question 27

Who emerged in the 1970s as one of the most prominent spokespersons for radical criminology in the United States?

A)Richard Quinney
B)Richard Dallin
C)Kevin Doyle
D)John Marshall

Question 28

W.I.Thomas (1931)contributed the concept of Definition of the Situation.

Question 29

Social status is an individual's prestige position in relation to others in his or her social group or society.

Question 30

The reviews of labeling theory are __________.

A)only mixed
B)only contradictory
C)mixed and contradictory
D)unimportant to scholars

Question 31

Considerable social status may be derived from one's level of education and occupation.

Question 32

Terence Thornberry (1979)found that the handling of delinquent youths in a stern manner generally did not result in greater criminality.

Question 33

Some social status can be ascribed through personal effort.

Question 34

Radical Theory __________.

A)is no longer important
B)is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency
C)departs from more established and accepted criminological theories
D)conforms to the more accepted criminological theories
E)has never been applied to delinquency

Question 35

The process of tagging led to Frank Tannenbaum's somber conclusion: "The adult criminal is seldom the delinquent child grown u