Deck 14: Juvenile Corrections

Question 1

Aftercare is similar to probation except that it is generally experienced by youths __________.

A)before incarceration
B)after incarceration
C)when parents want to avoid incarceration
D)all of the above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What was the crime that resulted in Michael Fay receiving a caning in Singapore?

A)robbery
B)public lewdness
C)forgery
D)vandalism

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A short prison stay designed to impress upon the youth the consequences of further delinquency is called __________.

A)shock probation
B)shock parole
C)shock restitution
D)shock restoration

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Specific deterrence occurs when youths learn only from __________.

A)their own personal experience
B)the experience of others
C)both their own personal experience and those of others
D)being placed in institutions to control them

Question 5

Peer pressure would fall under the category of __________.

A)informal social control
B)formal social control
C)military social control
D)political social control

Question 6

Although group homes may be better than incarceration of juveniles,researchers did find

A)neighborhood residents who supported the presence of youths who needed help __________.
B)increased monitoring of juveniles
C)they suffered from high staff turnover
D)that too many group homes have been studied for effectiveness

Question 7

The social learning theories contend that delinquency and conformity must be learned through the following agents of socialization EXCEPT for __________.

A)school
B)jail
C)family
D)religion

Question 8

What do we mean by social control?

A)aspects of society and culture that are designed to reduce the incidence of juvenile delinquency and to minimize its negative impact on the members of society
B)aspects of society designed to increase an awareness of certain events
C)a policy in which a group of individuals has access to certain types of information
D)a group's willingness to conform to someone else's philosophy

Question 9

The media focuses on violent crimes in its news coverage because __________.

A)it is far easier to convince the public to have stricter laws or longer sentences for criminals
B)it attracts advertisers and viewers and it makes good entertainment
C)both a and b
D)there is no evidence that the media impacts people's fear of crime in America

Question 10

An overview of institutional effectiveness between 1970 and 2000 shows __________.

A)some programs had moderate effectiveness in reducing recidivism rates
B)some programs were miserable failures
C)some showed little difference than if the juvenile had been placed on probation
D)all of the above

Question 11

One of the serious problems with juvenile facilities in the 21st century is __________.

A)overcrowding
B)drugs being sold in those facilities
C)they do not try to rehabilitate youths
D)none of the above

Question 12

A large component of restorative justice is accountability,community involvement,and __________.

A)rehabilitation
B)restitution
C)retribution
D)repression

Question 13

Ferdinand Toennies referred to communities characterized by small populations,less complex division of labor,and face-to-face interactions as __________.

A)gesellschaft
B)gemeinschaft
C)gothschaft
D)gesundheit

Question 14

Reckless (1961)called the layer that serves as an insulation against delinquency for those who have not sufficiently internalized social norms as the __________.

A)outer containment
B)inner containment
C)moral compass
D)delinquent layer

Question 15

Methods of enforcing norms are referred to as __________.

A)beliefs
B)religions
C)habits
D)sanctions

Question 16

When youths are caught drinking,fighting,or vandalizing and handled by the police or the courts,this is an example of __________.

A)formal social control
B)gesellschaft
C)both a and b
D)gemeinscaft

Question 17

Perhaps the most important aspects of socialization are __________.

A)parents being role models
B)older siblings being role models
C)both a and b
D)media role models

Question 18

Capital punishment of juveniles did not end until __________.

A)2005
B)2000
C)2002
D)1972

Question 19

At the heart of all social control is a fundamental belief in __________.

A)group therapy
B)psychotherapy
C)deterrence theory
D)religious theory

Question 20

The most fundamental and effective method of social control is

A)capital punishment
B)long-term imprisonment
C)a huge financial penalty
D)voluntary control

Question 21

The S.H.A.

Question 22

In 2011,there were 1,800 juveniles nationwide who had been sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.

Question 23

Statistics of juveniles held in adult jails showed that in 2010,there was an increase of juveniles compared to previous years recorded.

Question 24

Luckily,training facilities do not have stabbings,fights,or rapes that can be found in adult prisons.

Question 25

The following are social teaming techniques suggested by Stumphauzer EXCEPT for __________.

A)institutional programming
B)community change and prevention
C)unemployment skills training
D)clinical behavior therapy

Question 26

Institutionalization and community treatment programs lack systematic evaluation to determine their effectiveness.

Question 27

Which of the following programs was found to be a popular alternative to incarceration,both cheaper and more effective?

A)boot camp
B)house arrest
C)Scared straight
D)Visionquest

Question 28

Community corrections and diversionary programs have been accused of violating the civil liberties of juveniles that were ensured by the Gault decision.

Question 29

Diversion programs should be the standard response for juveniles who have committed __________.

A)nonviolent crimes
B)status offenses
C)both a and b
D)rape or murder

Question 30

Diversion programs will continue to be successful until status offenses are decriminalized.

Question 31

Recidivism rates are the best measure of the success of diversion programs.

Question 32

When the Scared Straight program was analyzed,researchers found that the documentary was less successful than the actual program.