Deck 2: The Biological Perspective

Question 1

The part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for reacting to stressful events and bodily arousal is called the ______________ nervous system.

A) central
B) somatic
C) sympathetic
D) parasympathetic

Answer 1

sympathetic

Question 2

Every deliberate action you make, such as pedaling a bike, walking, scratching, or smelling a flower, involves neurons in the ______ nervous system.

A) sympathetic
B) somatic
C) parasympathetic
D) autonomic

Answer 2

somatic

Question 3

Which of the following regions contains the primary visual cortex?

A) frontal lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) occipital lobe

Answer 3

occipital lobe

Question 4

Which endocrine gland controls all of the other endocrine glands?

A) thyroid
B) adrenal
C) thymus
D) pituitary

Question 5

Which part of the nervous system takes the information received from the senses, makes sense out of it, makes decisions, and sends commands out to the muscles and the rest of the body?

A) spinal cord
B) brain
C) reflexes
D) interneurons

Question 6

Which of the following are tiny sacs in a synaptic knob that release chemicals into the synapse?

A) synaptic vesicles
B) synaptic nodes
C) terminal buttons
D) synaptic gaps

Question 7

Which of the following are responsible for acting as a facilitator of communication between neurons?

A) motor neurons
B) interneurons
C) sensory neurons
D) reflexes

Question 8

Which of the following is the section of the brain located at the rear and bottom of each cerebral hemisphere and contains the visual centers of the brain?

A) occipital lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) frontal lobe

Question 9

Which of the following is the upper part of the brain consisting of two cerebral hemispheres and the structures that connect them?

A) occipital lobe
B) cerebrum
C) corpus callosum
D) cerebellum
Chapter 2 - Quick Quiz 2

Question 10

Signals from the neurons of which sense are NOT sent to the cortex by the thalamus?

A) hearing
B) smell
C) taste
D) vision

Question 11

The point at which the nerves from the left side of the body cross over into the right side of the brain, and vice versa, is the ______.

A) reticular activating system
B) pons
C) medulla
D) cerebellum

Question 12

The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

A) brain; spinal cord
B) autonomic; somatic nervous systems
C) peripheral nervous system; central nervous system
D) glands; muscles

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the right hemisphere?

A) perception, expression of emotion, and recognition of patterns
B) sense of time and rhythm
C) speech, handwriting, and calculation
D) language processing in most individuals
Chapter 2 - Quick Quiz 1

Question 14

What part of the brain acts as a relay station for incoming sensory information?

A) hypothalamus
B) thalamus
C) cerebellum
D) pituitary gland

Question 15

A brain-imaging method using radio waves and magnetic fields of the body to produce detailed images of the brain is called ______________.

A) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
B) electroencephalography (EEG)
C) positron-emission tomography (PET)
D) computerized axial tomography (CT)

Question 16

Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell?

A) axon
B) soma
C) dendrite
D) cell membrane

Question 17

Hormones are___________.

A) the female gonads
B) chemicals released into the bloodstream by the endocrine glands
C) chemicals found in the synaptic vesicles, which when released have an effect on the next cell
D) the male gonads

Question 18

The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ______.

A) axons
B) nerve bundles
C) dendrites
D) synapses

Question 19

The area of the frontal lobe that is devoted to the production of fluent speech is ______ area.

A) Broca's
B) Gall's
C) Wernicke's
D) Korsakoff's

Question 20

Which of the following neurotransmitters functions as a common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

A) serotonin
B) norepinephrine
C) acetylcholine
D) GABA

Question 21

A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to provide insulation and structure for neurons on which they may develop and work is called a(n) ________.

A) epidermal cell
B) adipose cell
C) glial cell
D) myelin sheath

Question 22

The swellings or knobs at the end of the axon are called ________.

A) presynaptic terminals
B) synaptic vesicles
C) synapses
D) receptor sites

Question 23

What is a function of myelin?

A) to serve as a structure for neurons
B) to monitor neural activity
C) to speed up the neural impulse
D) to produce neurotransmitters

Question 24

What is the term used to describe the bulbs located at the end of the axon?

A) axon terminals
B) synaptic vesicles
C) synapses
D) receptor sites

Question 25

Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts of a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction. Which of the following sequences will you offer?

A) dendrites, axon, soma, terminal buttons
B) terminal buttons, axon, soma, dendrites
C) axon, soma, dendrites, terminal buttons
D) dendrites, soma, axon, terminal buttons

Question 26

The nervous system is defined as________.

A) a complex network of cells that carries information to and from all parts of the body
B) a specialized cell that makes up the brain and nervous system
C) all nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but that run throughout the body itself
D) a gland located in the brain that secretes human growth hormone

Question 27

The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ________.

A) axons
B) nerve bundles
C) dendrites
D) synapses

Question 28

The function of the neuron's axon is to ________.

A) carry messages to other cells
B) regulate the neuron's life processes
C) receive messages from neighboring neurons
D) insulate against leakage of electrical impulses

Question 29

________ receive messages from other neurons and ________ send messages to other neurons.

A) Axons; dendrites
B) Axon; soma
C) Soma; glial cells
D) Dendrites; axons

Question 30

The branch of life sciences which involves the structure and function of the brain and nervous system, including neurons, nerves, and nervous tissue is called ________.

A) neuroscience
B) bioscience
C) brain scientology
D) neurostemology

Question 31

Which of the following best represents the order in which a neuron receives and transmits information?

A) dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminals
B) axon terminals, dendrites, cell body, axon
C) cell body, dendrites, axon terminals, axon
D) axon, cell body, dendrites, axon terminals

Question 32

Which part of a neuron is attached to the soma and carries messages out to other cells?

A) soma
B) axon
C) dendrite
D) cell membrane

Question 33

The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and keeps the entire cell alive and functioning is the ________.

A) axon
B) cell membrane
C) dendrite
D) soma

Question 34

Which part of the neuron is responsible for maintaining the life of the cell?

A) axon
B) soma
C) dendrite
D) cell membrane

Question 35

The function of the ________ is to carry information to and from all parts of the body.

A) soma
B) synapse
C) nervous system
D) endorphins

Question 36

The part of the neuron whose name literally means "branch" is a(n) ________.

A) axon
B) dendrite
C) myelin
D) soma

Question 37

Dendrite is to axon as:

A) send is to receive.
B) send is to regulate.
C) receive is to send.
D) receive is to release.

Question 38

The two types of glial cells are called ________ and ________.

A) occipital; lobitical
B) oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells
C) occipital; Schwann
D) oligodendrocytes; lobitical

Question 39

What are two roles of glial cells?

A) acting as insulation and providing structure to surrounding neurons
B) shaping cells and moving new neurons into place
C) regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors
D) monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain

Question 40

A specialized cell that makes up the nervous system that receives and sends messages within that system is called a ________.

A) glial cell
B) neuron
C) cell body
D) myelin sheath

Question 41

One purpose of the ________ is to speed up the neural message traveling down the axon.

A) receptor site
B) axon terminal
C) myelin
D) synaptic vesicle

Question 42

Which of the following is true about myelin?

A) It's made of a fatty substance.
B) It is covered by axons.
C) It inhibits neural communication.
D) It slows down neuronal operations.

Question 43

Which of the following are tiny sacs in an axon terminal that release chemicals into the synapse?

A) synaptic vesicles
B) synaptic nodes
C) terminal buttons
D) synaptic gaps

Question 44

A chemical found in the synaptic vesicles which, when released, has an effect on the next cell is called a ________.

A) glial cell
B) neurotransmitter
C) precursor cell
D) synapse

Question 45

The charge that a neuron at rest maintains is due to the presence of a high number of _________ charged ions inside the neuron's membrane.

A) actively
B) passively
C) negatively
D) positively

Question 46

During action potential, the electrical charge inside the neuron is ________ the electrical charge outside the neuron.

A) positive compared to
B) larger than
C) negative compared to
D) smaller than

Question 47

What do we call the state of a neuron when it is not firing a neural impulse?

A) action potential
B) resting potential
C) myelination signal
D) transmission impulse

Question 48

The term neurotransmitter refers to ________.

A) a chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that is released into the synapse
B) any one of a number of chemical compounds that increase the activity of the endocrine system
C) the chemical substance found in the cell membrane
D) the DNA contained in the nucleus of every neuron

Question 49

The state during which a neuron contains more negatively charged ions inside the cell than outside the cell and is not firing is referred to as the ________.

A) action potential
B) quiet potential
C) synaptic potential
D) resting potential

Question 50

When a neuron fires, it fires in a(n) ________ fashion, as there is no such thing as "partial" firing.

A) all-or-none
B) rapid fire
C) accidental patterned
D) quick succession

Question 51

A nerve is a group of ________ bundled together.

A) axons
B) interneurons
C) dendrites
D) glial cells

Question 52

The fluid-filled space between the synaptic knob of one cell and the dendrites of the next cell is called the ________.

A) receptor site
B) synapse
C) synaptic knob
D) axon terminal

Question 53

A group of axons bundled together coated in myelin that travels together through the body is called a ________.

A) synaptic vesicle
B) nerve
C) neurilemma
D) myelinated pathway

Question 54

The saclike structures found inside the synaptic knob containing chemicals are called ________.

A) axon terminals
B) synapses
C) synaptic vesicles
D) receptor sites

Question 55

Which structure is like a locked door that only certain neurotransmitter keys can unlock?

A) synapses
B) receptor sites
C) neural chiasms
D) response terminals

Question 56

When a cell is "at rest," it is in a state called the ________.

A) stopping point
B) obcipitation junction
C) resting potential
D) action potential

Question 57

The action potential causes neurotransmitters to be released into the ________.

A) myelin sheath
B) axon
C) synapse
D) synaptic vesicle

Question 58

The term "fire" when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron:

A) has become less positive in charge.
B) has received, in its dendrites, appropriate inputs from other neurons.
C) is unable to transmit information to another neuron.
D) has become more negative in charge.

Question 59

When the electric potential in a cell is in action versus a resting state, this electrical charge reversal is known as the ________.

A) resting potential
B) excitation reaction
C) action potential
D) permeable reaction

Question 60

________ are holes in the surface of the dendrites or certain cells of the muscles and glands that are shaped to fit only certain neurotransmitters.

A) Neurotransmitters
B) Axons
C) Synaptic vesicles
D) Receptor sites

Question 61

Agonist is to antagonist as:

A) neuromodulator is to neurotransmitter.
B) reuptake is to receptor.
C) mimic is to block.
D) block is to mimic.

Question 62

Pain-controlling chemicals in the body are called ________.

A) neural regulators
B) histamines
C) androgens
D) endorphins

Question 63

Because they have similar chemical structures, morphine and heroin are able to lock into receptor sites for ________.

A) GABA
B) serotonin
C) dopamine
D) endorphins

Question 64

GABA functions as _________.

A) the major neurotransmitter involved in voluntary movements
B) an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
C) the neurotransmitter responsible for slowing intestinal activity during stress
D) the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

Question 65

Andy has decided to seek medical help for mood disturbances and appetite problems. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Andy is experiencing?

A) GABA
B) dopamine
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine

Question 66

Endorphins are ________.

A) found where neurons meet skeletal muscles
B) less powerful than enkaphalins
C) pain-controlling chemicals
D) radically different in function from neurotransmitters

Question 67

Which of the following neurotransmitters functions as a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?

A) serotonin
B) GABA
C) acetylcholine
D) norepinephrine

Question 68

________ plays a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles to contract.

A) Acetylcholine
B) GABA
C) Dopamine
D) Endorphin

Question 69

Reuptake is ________.

A) a chemical that is released into the synaptic gap
B) a protein molecule on the dendrite or cell body of a neuron that will interact only with specific neurotransmitters
C) a process by which neurotransmitters are sucked back into the synaptic vesicles
D) a chemical that plays a role in learning and attention

Question 70

Sara has been experiencing a serious memory problem. An interdisciplinary team has ruled out a range of causes and believes that a neurotransmitter is involved. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in this problem?

A) GABA
B) dopamine
C) serotonin
D) acetylcholine

Question 71

Isabella is putting mustard on her hot dog. She realizes she has put too much and sucks up some of it back into the squeeze bottle. This process is similar to:

A) the action potential.
B) receptor site bindings.
C) binding specificity.
D) reuptake.

Question 72

How is acetylcholine removed from the synapse?

A) It is broken down by an enzyme.
B) It is taken back up in the synapse.
C) It dissipates in the surrounding body fluids.
D) Acetylcholine is one of the few neurotransmitters that is continually present in the synapse.

Question 73

The central nervous system consists of ______.

A) the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions
B) the brain and spinal cord
C) muscles and glands
D) sense organs and sensory neurons

Question 74

The brain and spinal cord are two components of the ______.

A) central nervous system
B) somatic nervous system
C) peripheral nervous system
D) autonomic nervous system

Question 75

Curare, a poison, works by ________.

A) blocking receptor sites and acting as an antagonist for acetylcholine
B) stimulating the release of excessive amounts of acetylcholine
C) stimulating the release of neurotransmitters
D) inhibiting the production of inhibitory neurotransmitters

Question 76

Which neurotransmitter is associated with sleep, mood, and appetite?

A) GABA
B) serotonin
C) dopamine
D) acetylcholine

Question 77

After being bitten by a black widow spider, Jean starts to convulse. This is a result of ________.

A) a lack of GABA being released into her bloodstream
B) a resurgence of neurotransmitters overstimulating her brain stem
C) a surge of chemicals blocking the transmission of fluids to the spinal cord
D) a flood of acetylcholine releasing into the body's muscle system

Question 78

The two main divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

A) brain; spinal cord
B) autonomic; somatic nervous systems
C) peripheral nervous system; central nervous system
D) glands; muscles

Question 79

Which part of the nervous system takes the information received from the senses, makes sense out of it, makes decisions, and sends commands out to the muscles and the rest of the body?

A) spinal cord
B) brain
C) reflexes
D) interneurons

Question 80

_________ synapses make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, whereas ________ synapses make it less likely that a neuron will send its message.

A) Excitatory; inhibitory
B) Inhibitory; excitatory
C) Augmentation; depletion
D) Depletion; augmentation