Deck 5: Middle Childhood

Question 1

At approximately what age should a child be able to use each hand independently?

A)2 years old
B)4 years old
C)6 years old
D)8 years old

Answer 1

8 years old

Question 2

What percentage of children ages 9 and 17 suffer with an anxiety disorder?
13%
23%
33%
43%

Answer 2

13%

Question 3

Elementary school children in Canada grow, on average, ________ a year.
5 centimetres
7 centimetres
11 centimetres
14 centimetres

Answer 3

7 centimetres

Question 4

What is one significant reason for the advances in fine motor skills in children 6 to 8 years old?

A)Children live long enough to get more practice with fine motor skills.
B)Children's cognitive development is increasing.
C)Children have more opportunity to model fine motor skill behaviour(s) from others and practice on a consistent basis.
D)The amount of myelin in the brain increases to protect, insulate, and surround the nerve cells, raising the speed at which electrical impulses travel between neurons.

Question 5

Bobby, age 5, Amanda, age 12, Allan, age 3, and Suzy, age 8, are all children at risk for injuries.Which of these children is more apt to be injured than the others?

A)Bobby
B)Amanda
C)Allan
D)Suzy

Question 6

In Canada, which of the following factors are most likely to account for variations in the height and weight of children?

A)inadequate nutrition
B)unique genetic inheritance
C)the use of multivitamins
D)a diet high in dairy products

Question 7

Which of the following is the most frequent cause of accidental childhood death?

A)fires and suffocation
B)motor vehicle accidents
C)drowning
D)falls

Question 8

Children ages 5 to 9 are most likely to be killed

A)in a house fire.
B)in a gun-related death.
C)in an automobile accident.
D)by drowning.

Question 9

Which of the following is a fine motor skill?

A)ice skating
B)hopping on one foot
C)jumping rope
D)tying shoes

Question 10

Throughout the lifespan, which of the following is the only time when girls are, on average, taller than boys?

A)by age 10
B)by age 11
C)by age 12
D)by age 13

Question 11

At approximately what age should a child be able to tie his/her shoes?

A)3 years old
B)5 years old
C)7 years old
D)9 years old

Question 12

Approximately how many children and adolescents have a psychological disorder that produces some impairment?
8%
12%
14%
20%

Question 13

Which of the following is a fine motor skill?

A)typing on a keyboard
B)throwing a football
C)jumping rope
D)running and skipping

Question 14

What percentage of preteens suffers with depression?
5%
10%
15%
20%

Question 15

Which of the following children is most likely to have difficulties with obesity?

A)A boy of Aboriginal heritage, whose parents carefully control his portions and diet
B)A boy from Alberta, whose parents are thin
C)A girl from Quebec whose parents model healthy eating habits
D)A girl of Asian heritage, whose diet is high in fruits and vegetables

Question 16

Which of the following activities is considered a gross motor activity?

A)colouring
B)tying a shoelace
C)zipping up a jacket
D)throwing a baseball

Question 17

At what age can both boys and girls judge and intercept directions of small balls thrown from a distance and run 5.2 metres per second?

A)7 years old
B)8 years old
C)10 years old
D)12 years old

Question 18

The Canadian Paediatric Society suggests that boys and girls should engage in sports and games, and

A)boys should play with boys.
B)girls should play with girls.
C)boys and girls should have access to the same sporting opportunities.
D)boys and girls should engage in sports and games in mixed-gender groups despite the onset of puberty.

Question 19

Which of the following is a likely cause of Canadian children's inadequate fitness levels?

A)There is inadequate labelling of the nutritional contents of food products.
B)There is an increased rate of digestive disorders.
C)There is no national effort to increase the level of children's fitness.
D)Children live a more sedentary lifestyle that includes sitting in front of televisions and computer screens.

Question 20

At approximately what age should a child be able to manipulate objects with almost as much capability as an adult?

A)5 to 6 years old
B)8 to 9 years old
C)11 to 12 years old
D)15 to 16 years old

Question 21

Which of the following include factors that help differentiate normal active behaviour in children from those children with ADHD?

A)Persistent difficulty in finishing tasks, following instructions, and organizing work
B)Aggressive behaviour that harms and victimizes others
C)Shy, quiet and disengaged behaviour
D)Interest in very active, fast-paced games

Question 22

Which of the following is considered an additional and/or alternative method of ADHD treatment?

A)hormone replacement therapy
B)behaviour therapy that includes use of rewards
C)increasing the number of hours spent on schoolwork
D)increased use of punishment

Question 23

The causes of learning disabilities, while not well understood, are generally attributed to

A)low birth weight in infancy.
B)brain dysfunction due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
C)inadequate access to learning.
D)speech/language problems in early childhood.

Question 24

What is the term for speech that deviates so much from the speech of others that it calls attention to itself, interferes with communication, or produces maladjustment in the speaker?

A)stuttering
B)auditory language processing disorder
C)auditory impairment
D)speech impairment

Question 25

Which of the following is the most likely reason why children's psychological disorders are neglected?

A)Parents and family members are embarrassed.
B)Most children do not exhibit symptoms entirely consistent with those of adults.
C)There are no treatments available for children with psychological problems.
D)Most children grow out of their symptoms.

Question 26

Which one of the following is a side effect of medication treatment for ADHD (e.g., Ritalin)?

A)loss of hearing sensitivity
B)loss of appetite
C)excessive sleeping
D)dependency

Question 27

Auditory impairment, which is a special need that involves the loss of hearing or some aspect of hearing, affects ________ percent of the school-age population.

A)1–2
B)2–4
C)4–6
D)6–8

Question 28

What is the definition of a learning disability?

A)A speech/language impairment
B)A significant discrepancy between the child's actual academic performance and his/her apparent potential to learn
C)A vision impairment in which the child cannot see at 20 feet what most people can see at 200 feet
D)A hearing impairment

Question 29

Frank was tested by the school psychologist and diagnosed with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD).The test results have been explained to his parents.His parents are curious about brain involvement and ADD/ADHD.The school psychologist informs them that

A)hyperactive behaviour is thought to be caused by inefficient brain signals, which can be helped with the use of a stimulant.
B)there is little research to link ADD/ADHD with specific brain involvement.
C)if there is a lag in neural functioning, it will go away with age.
D)ADD/ADHD would be considered a developmental delay.

Question 30

What is the term for a substantial disruption in the rhythm and fluency of speech and is the most common speech impairment?

A)echolalia
B)auditory language processing delays
C)stuttering
D)dyspraxia

Question 31

If a child is demonstrating difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities, the child is exhibiting

A)mental retardation.
B)psychological disabilities.
C)learning disabilities.
D)developmental delays.

Question 32

Most estimates put the number of children that have ADHD at ________ percent of children under 18 years of age.

A)1 to 3
B)3 to 7
C)7 to 10
D)10 to 15

Question 33

What percentage of school-age children demonstrates a speech/language impairment?

A)1 to 3 percent
B)3 to 5 percent
C)5 to 7 percent
D)7 to 9 percent

Question 34

What is the term for a learning disability marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and generally a great deal of inappropriate activity?

A)bipolar disorder
B)childhood schizophrenia
C)attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
D)generalized anxiety disorder

Question 35

Severe and early loss of hearing is associated with which of the following?

A)abstract thinking
B)social skills development
C)cognitive development
D)physical coordination

Question 36

What is the term for a difficulty in seeing that may include blindness or partial sightedness?

A)visual acuity
B)partial vision
C)colour blindness
D)visual impairment

Question 37

Which of the following is the most prevalent disorder that affects children with normal intelligence?

A)visual impairment
B)auditory impairment
C)attention-deficit disorders
D)learning disabilities

Question 38

Which of the following is a symptom that a boy/girl with a vision impairment may exhibit while doing schoolwork?

A)Holding the book at arm's-length from their face
B)Moving their mouth and lips while reading
C)Glancing away for long periods of time, apparently "daydreaming"
D)Making facial contortions while reading and/or writing

Question 39

How many school-age children are labelled with a learning disability?

A)1 in 10
B)1 in 5
C)1 in 4
D)1 in 3

Question 40

If a person has the inability to see even at 20 feet what a typical person can see at 200 feet (20/200) after correction (corrective lenses, etc.), this is known as

A)blindness.
B)partial sightedness.
C)legally blind.
D)impairment.

Question 41

What is the term that refers to the period of cognitive development between 7 and 12 years of age, which is characterized by the active and appropriate use of logic?

A)concrete operational
B)decentring
C)abstract operational
D)preoperational

Question 42

What is Vygotsky's term for the level at which a child can almost, but not quite, understand or perform a task?

A)metamemory
B)transference
C)zone of proximal development
D)theory of mind

Question 43

When a middle-school student is able to demonstrate that he/she is able to hear a string of digits (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) and then repeat the string in reverse order, the child is indicating that he/she is developing

A)long-term memory.
B)working memory.
C)rehearsal strategies.
D)recall.

Question 44

What is the term for an understanding of one's own use of language?

A)metamemory
B)comprehension
C)metalinguistic awareness
D)expressive/receptive communication

Question 45

Which of the following is a noteworthy educational innovation, based upon Vygotsky's work, where children work together in groups to achieve a common goal?

A)reciprocal teaching
B)metamemory
C)zone of proximal development
D)cooperative learning

Question 46

If a middle-school-age child employs conscious, intentionally used tactics to improve cognitive processing, this is called use of

A)reasoning.
B)control strategies.
C)rehearsal.
D)working memory.

Question 47

Seven-year-old Marvin and his four-year-old brother are sitting at the table as their mother pours milk into their glasses.Both glasses are the same size and shape.However, Marvin's mother notices a scratch/nick on the lip of his glass and decides that it is safer if she pours that milk into another glass so that Marvin doesn't cut his lip.The new glass is shorter and much wider, and when she pours the milk into in, Marvin's younger brother laughs and says that now he has more milk than Marvin.However, Marvin is not upset because he knows that he still gets the same amount of milk.Marvin is exhibiting which kind of thought?

A)concrete operations
B)decentring
C)preoperational
D)abstract operational

Question 48

What is the term for an understanding about the processes that underlie memory, which emerges and improves during middle childhood?

A)recall
B)rehearsal
C)metamemory
D)working memory

Question 49

Larry was daydreaming on the day that his Grade 1 teacher reviewed the math lesson that 5 + 5 = 10.Later, Larry was not able to recall this information, probably because

A)he never heard it.
B)he never encoded it.
C)he never rehearsed it.
D)he never visualized it.

Question 50

Concrete operational thought involves applying _____ to solve problems.

A)reasoning
B)intuition or hunches
C)logical operations
D)acquired knowledge

Question 51

When middle-school-age children understand the rules of language that indicate how words and phrases can be combined to form sentences, this is called

A)metalinguistic skills.
B)metacognition.
C)syntax.
D)phonemes.

Question 52

What is the term for the ability to take multiple aspects of a situation into account?

A)concrete operational
B)abstract operational
C)preoperational
D)decentring

Question 53

Alexander is 6 years old, and although he pronounces most words clearly, he has difficulty pronouncing "j," "v," "th," and "zh" sounds, which are examples of

A)metalinguistics.
B)phonemes.
C)word blends.
D)enunciation.

Question 54

For a child to remember a piece of information, _______ processes must function properly.

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6

Question 55

In the information-processing approach, what is the term for the ability to record, store, and retrieve information?

A)encoding
B)metamemory
C)memory
D)information processing

Question 56

If a preschool child thinks largely in an egocentric manner, then from Piaget's perspective we would say that the child is in the ________ stage.

A)concrete operational
B)decentring
C)abstract operational
D)preoperational

Question 57

The vocabulary of a 6-year-old child is from 8000 to 14 000 words, whereas the vocabulary grows by another _____ words between the ages of 9 and 11.

A)1000
B)2000
C)5000
D)10000

Question 58

Which of the following is a noteworthy educational innovation, based upon Vygotsky's work, where reading comprehension strategies are taught, allowing the student to take on the role of the teacher?

A)reciprocal teaching
B)metamemory
C)zone of proximal development
D)cooperative learning

Question 59

When a child initially records information in a form usable to memory, this is called

A)rehearsal.
B)listening.
C)visualization.
D)encoding.

Question 60

Seven-year-old Alice is working with clay in art class, and she rolls a round ball of clay between her hands until it becomes a long rope.However, she decides that she does not want the rope of clay, but would prefer that the clay is in the shape of a ball again.Alice knows that this is possible.Piaget would say that Alice is demonstrating the knowledge of

A)formation.
B)decentring.
C)reversibility.
D)conservation.

Question 61

What is the term for the concept that Canadian society is made up of diverse, coequal cultural groups that should preserve their individual cultural features?

A)diversity
B)pluralistic society model
C)cultural assimilation model
D)multicultural education

Question 62

Which of the following stages best reflects when a child reads, using phonological recoding skills, and what grade(s) is the child most likely attending?

A)Stage 0 – Kindergarten
B)Stage 1 – Grades 1 and 2
C)Stage 2 – Grades 2 and 3
D)Stage 3 – Grades 3 and 4

Question 63

At which stage does a child learn phonological recoding skills and start to read?

A)Stage 0
B)Stage 1
C)Stage 2
D)Stage 3

Question 64

When middle-school-age children become more competent with the rules governing the use of language to communicate in a given social setting, they are demonstrating knowledge of

A)pragmatics.
B)syntax.
C)phonemes.
D)metalinguistic awareness.

Question 65

According to Wechsler, what is the term for the capacity to understand the world, think with rationality, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges?

A)education
B)assertiveness
C)achievement
D)intelligence

Question 66

Over the past decade or so, educators began to argue that the presence of students from diverse cultures enriched and broadened the education experience for all students.This would be an example of

A)diversity.
B)a pluralistic society model.
C)a cultural assimilation model.
D)multicultural education.

Question 67

What is the term for maintaining one's original cultural identity while integrating oneself into the dominant culture?

A)bicultural identity
B)pluralistic society model
C)cultural assimilation model
D)multicultural education

Question 68

At which stage is a child able to read and process information that reflects multiple points of view? What grade(s) is the child likely to be attending?

A)Stage 1 – Grades 1 and 2
B)Stage 2 – Grades 2 and 3
C)Stage 3 – Grades 4 to 8
D)Stage 4 – Grade 8 and beyond

Question 69

What is the term for the use of more than one language?

A)pragmatics
B)bilingualism
C)syntax
D)metalinguistics

Question 70

If a reading educator is in favour of teaching reading by presenting it as a natural process, similar to acquisition of oral language, where the child is encouraged to guess at words and learns to read through exposure to actual uses of language, this teacher is a proponent of

A)whole-language approach.
B)sound-symbol approach.
C)code-based approach.
D)phonetic-fluency approach.

Question 71

What is the term for a set of behaviours, beliefs, values, and expectations shared by members of a particular society?

A)diversity
B)culture
C)cultural assimilation model
D)multicultural education

Question 72

What is the term for a form of education in which the goal is to help minority students develop competence in the culture of the majority group while maintaining positive group identities that build on their original cultures?

A)diversity
B)equal opportunity
C)cultural assimilation model
D)multicultural education

Question 73

At which stage does reading become a means to an end and a way for a child to learn? What grade(s) is the child most likely attending?

A)Stage 1 – Grades 1 and 2
B)Stage 2 – Grades 2 and 3
C)Stage 3 – Grades 4 to 8
D)Stage 4 – Grade 8 and beyond

Question 74

Middle-school-age children utilize _____________ when information is fuzzy or incomplete, such as asking for clarifications of information.

A)metacognitive skills
B)metalinguistic awareness
C)pragmatics
D)syntax

Question 75

Which of the following best fits the stage of reading which lasts from birth to the start of Grade 1, where children learn the essential prerequisites for reading, such as identifying letters?

A)Stage 0
B)Stage 1
C)Stage 2
D)Stage 3

Question 76

Children begin to use reading as a source for learning around

A)Kindergarten.
B)Grade 1.
C)Grade 4.
D)Grade 6.

Question 77

The curriculum director for a school district is making arrangements to bring the works of Shakespeare into the school district.What is the earliest grade for which he/she should plan to introduce these great works of literature?

A)Grade 1
B)Grade 3
C)Grade 6
D)The transition to high school

Question 78

If a reading educator is in favour of teaching reading by presenting the basic skills that underlie reading, such as phonics, this teacher is a proponent of

A)whole-language approach.
B)sound-symbol approach.
C)code-based approach.
D)phonetic-fluency approach.

Question 79

At which stage does a child learn to read aloud with fluency? What grade(s) is the child likely to be attending?

A)Stage 0 – Kindergarten
B)Stage 1 – Grades 1 and 2
C)Stage 2 – Grades 2 and 3
D)Stage 3 – Grades 4 to 8

Question 80

Which of the following is an observed consequence of bilingualism?

A)impaired cognitive flexibility
B)superior results on both verbal and non-verbal tests of intelligence
C)lower self-esteem
D)lower metalinguistic awareness