Deck 7: Law and Politics

Question 1

The people whom a policy will affecare called the

A)public.
B)faction.
C)tribe.
D)band.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

According to anthropologists, all human disputes are dealwith by legal systems, nojusones thago to a formal court.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

When people feel thaa policy is wrong, buaccepibecause they value the governmentha makes the policy, they are giving a kind osupporcalled

A)legitimacy.
B)coercion.
C)authority.
D)leadership.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

When disputes are settled through a community meet?ing thaprovides for an informal airing othe conflict, we term this kind osettlemenprocess

A)an ordeal.
B)a court.
C)a moot.
D)a contest.

Question 5

The process omaking and carrying oupublic policy through the use oculturally defined categories and rules is called

A)the political system.
B)legitimacy.
C)coercion.
D)authority.

Question 6

A feud is an example of

A)coercion.
B)a legal dispute.
C)an infralegal dispute.
D)an extralegal dispute.

Question 7

A feud is a good example oa kind osupporcalled coercion.

Question 8

When the members oa society permitwo people to settle a dispute by fighting each other, we call their action self?redress and classify ias parothe legal system.

Question 9

Any guidelines thacan lead directly to action are called "policy."

Question 10

The cultural knowledge thapeople use to settle disputes by means oagents who have recognized authority is called

A)law.
B)politics.
C)a court.
D)self?redress.

Question 11

The righto make and enforce public policy is called

A)coercion.
B)authority.
C)legitimacy.
D)leadership.

Question 12

Anything thacontributes to the adoption opublic policy and its enforcemenis called

A)authority.
B)coercion.
C)legitimacy.
D)support.

Question 13

According to Sutherland in "The Case oan American Gypsy," Gypsies frequently take one another's Social Security numbers in order to hide their identities.

Question 14

In "The Case oan American Gypsy," Anne Sutherland describes a legal case in which a 19-year-old Gypsy man was convicted ousing someone else's Social Security number, despite the facthahe had no intention odefrauding anyone.

Question 15

Ia dictator makes people adhere to his policies by using force, his actions would fall under the definition osupport.

Question 16

The process omaking and carrying oupublic policy according to cultural categories and rules is called the political system.

Question 17

A leader is a person who obtains power through authority.

Question 18

The primary means ogaining conformity and order from individual members oa society is through enculturation.

Question 19

Among some Indian cultures, a(n) __________ is described as a supernaturally controlled, painful, or physically dangerous testhais used to settle a dispute.

A)moot
B)go-between
C)self-redress
D)ordeal

Question 20

A dispute thais below the level othe legal process and withouviolence is

A)a legal dispute.
B)an extralegal dispute.
C)an infralegal dispute.
D)a feud.

Question 21

According to Sutherland in "The Case oan American Gypsy," Gypsies treaSocial Security numbers as

A)unimportant, because they do not use Social Security.
B)corporate property of their kin group, the vitsa.
C)a way to defraud banks so that they can get illegal loans.
D)a source of prestige, because they believe higher numbers bring greater success.

Question 22

According to Spradley and McCurdy in "Law and Order," a legal principle for the people who live in Ralu'a is "hacer el balance"-to make the balance.

Question 23

In "The Case oan American Gypsy," Sutherland reports thafor Gypsies, going to jail

A)often provides needed time to recover from alcoholism.
B)helps them learn English and skills that facilitate getting real jobs in American society.
C)is welcomed because they finally get enough to eat there.
D)is an especially cruel punishment because it separates them from their kin.

Question 24

According to Spradley and McCurdy in "Law and Order," the agreed upon way to settle disputes is called

A)courts.
B)legal principles.
C)procedural law.
D)substantive law.

Question 25

in "The Case oan American Gypsy," Sutherland notes thathe lawyer defending a young Gypsy man ousing a relative's Social Security number argued in courthat

A)the Gypsy had not intended to commit a crime when he used the number.
B)the Gypsy used the number because of a fear of pollution (marime) from non-Gypsies.
C)Gypsies did not traditionally use Social Security, so Social Security numbers had no importance to them.
D)many Gypsies are undocumented due to the broken immigration system.

Question 26

According to Sutherland in "The Case oan American Gypsy," Gypsies find which othe following things polluting (marime)?

A)relatives from other vitsas
B)non-Gypsies
C)Social Security benefits
D)driving cars

Question 27

According to Spradley and McCurdy in "Law and Order," there is no substantive law thaprohibits a man from beating his wife in the Zapotec village oRalu'a.

Question 28

In "The Case oan American Gypsy," Sutherland argues thaGypsies hide their personal identities as a way to combapersecution by members othe societies in which they live.

Question 29

According to Sutherland in "The Case oan American Gypsy," the largesgroup to which Gypsies belong is called the vitsa.

Question 30

According to Spradley and McCurdy in "Law and Order," in the Zapotec village oRalu'a, frightening someone so thathey come down with susto or magical fright, is a crime.

Question 31

In "Law and Order," Spradley and McCurdy argue thathe legal statutes thadefine righand wrong are

A)legal rules.
B)substantive law.
C)procedural law.
D)legal levels.

Question 32

In "The Case oan American Gypsy," Sutherland describes a case in which a young Gypsy man was accused ofraud by police in St.Paul, Minnesota.

Question 33

According to Spradley and McCurdy in "Law and Order," in the Zapotec village oRalu'a two cases-a flirtation oa married man and a son who took coffee from his father withoupermission-illustrate

A)substantive law.
B)procedural law.
C)a legal principle.
D)infralegal law.

Question 34

According to Spradley and McCurdy in "Law and Order," the rule in Ralu'a thaprincipales and their families should nouse the courto settle family disputes is an example of

A)self-redress.
B)legal levels.
C)legal structure.
D)procedural law.

Question 35

According to Spradley and McCurdy in "Law and Order," a legal principle is defined as an agreed-upon way to settle a dispute.

Question 36

According to Sutherland in "The Case oan American Gypsy," a young Gypsy man was indicted by the governmenfor

A)hiding his identity from authorities.
B)stealing cars.
C)using a relative's Social Security number.
D)lying to authorities about his real American name.

Question 37

In "The Case oan American Gypsy," Sutherland notes thathe young Gypsy man she helped to defend in courrefused to eajail food, as a protesfor nobeing allowed to call his relatives.

Question 38

The case othe Gypsy defendandescribed by Sutherland in "The Case oan American Gypsy" represents a good illustration owhahappens when

A)a foreign people takes advantage of a lenient judicial system.
B)greedy lawyers misrepresent their non-American clients.
C)anthropological testimony is misused in court.
D)a normal practice for one group is a crime for another.

Question 39

According to Spradley and McCurdy in "Law and Order," substantive law is codified in writing in literate societies.In non-literate societies, people define whaa crime is by using procedural law.

Question 40

According to Spradley and McCurdy in "Law and Order," the system olegal levels in the Zapotec village oRalu'a means thadisputes can only be settled by the presidente or principales.

Question 41

Eames' attempto become a registered "occasional postgraduate student" while in Nigeria was symbolic othe patrimonial bureaucracy there, because

A)the author was able to visit the required offices and complete the process in under an hour.
B)nothing about registering was routine; everything was personalized and no one could tell her how to go about registering.
C)registering was an impersonal, clearly defined process that was simple to complete.
D)it required the intervention of the American government.

Question 42

According to Spradley and McCurdy in "Law and Order," toward the end oher stay in Ralu'a, anthropologisLaura Nader "made the balance," by

A)convincing the priest that she was not a protestant.
B)working as a mayoral in the court.
C)donating a barrel of mescal at a fiesta.
D)giving gifts to the presidente and other town officials.

Question 43

According to Nordstrom in "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story oAmputees,"
land mines successfully deter soldiers and protecsensitive sites.

Question 44

The famous American saying "It's nowhayou know, it's who you know" besdescribes the primary dynamic of

A)the legal bureaucracy of the United States.
B)the civil service system of the Han Dynasty in China.
C)the patrimonial authority of Nigerian society.
D)the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom.

Question 45

In Nigerian society, the term begging refers to the acoasking strangers for money or
food.

Question 46

When Eames was finally able to obtain her visa, icame through due to

A)a Nigerian custom called dash.
B)intervention by the American consulate.
C)intervention by the Nigerian government.
D)a Nigerian custom known as Long-Leg.

Question 47

In Nigeria, power and authority derive from

A)ownership of landed property.
B)the ability to grant favors to loyal dependents.
C)a person's wealth.
D)a person's social class.

Question 48

According to Elizabeth Eames in "Negotiating Nigerian Bureaucracies," Nigerian
bureaucracies, like those in the west, are organized on the principle Max Weber
called legal domination.

Question 49

Some othe mosimportanaspects oa patrimonial authority are the speed and
precision with which ioperates and the lack opersonalized relationships and irrational
considerations thaiincorporates.

Question 50

According to Nordstrom in "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story oAmputees,"
individuals in Muleque, Angola, who have been injured by land mines are provided
with wheelchairs and prosthetics to make ieasier for them to gearound.

Question 51

In "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story oAmputees," Carolyn Nordstrom argues
thaan informal economy-one thais notaxed or monitored by the government-is
considered an extralegal network.

Question 52

According to Eames in in "Negotiating Nigerian Bureaucracies," patrimonial practices similar to those found in Nigerian society do occur in the United States.The use osuch practices

A)occurs solely in the political arena.
B)is considered an illegitimate way to conduct business.
C)cannot coexist within a system of bureaucratically organized, legal domination.
D)is considered a legitimate way to conduct business.

Question 53

Dash and Long-Leg are Nigerian terms tharefer to types orunners.

Question 54

As reported by Spradley and McCurdy in "Law and Order," anthropologisLaura Nader feels thain Ralu'a, there is a strong value on_________, which underlies the community's substantive and procedural law.

A)private property
B)religious piety
C)personal success
D)maintaining equilibrium

Question 55

In "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story oAmputees," Nordstrom notes thathe
women in Muleque continued to clear farmland, plancrops, build shelters, and create
barter systems even after being disfigured or disabled by land mines.

Question 56

In the Western system olegal domination, an official's authority is based on

A)a given office, not the person who holds that office.
B)a combination of tradition and arbitrary decisions by the individual in charge.
C)who the officeholder knows in power above him or her.
D)how many individuals are indebted to him or her for past favors.

Question 57

In Nigerian society, a personal relationship is required to begin a business transaction.

Question 58

In slash-and-burn agriculture, small pieces oland are cultivated for a few years until
the soil is no longer fertile; then the piece oland is abandoned.

Question 59

According to Eames in "Negotiating Nigerian Bureaucracies," patrimonial authority is one thais organized as an extension oa noble household, where officials acas household servants and are dependents othe ruler.

Question 60

According to Eames in in "Negotiating Nigerian Bureaucracies," bribery

A)terminates a personal relationship.
B)can lead to arrest in Nigerian society.
C)initiates a personal relationship.
D)is very uncommon in Nigerian bureaucracy.

Question 61

In Nordstrom's article "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story oAmputees," the local
coordinator for an NGO working with the amputees felthataking the goods made by
the Muleque women on an official NGO flighwas an improper use othe NGO's
equipment.

Question 62

According to Nordstrom in "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story oAmputees," the firsstep in the informal economy formed by marginalized women in Muleque is

A)making products to sell at a small marketplace.
B)investment in a woman's informal bank.
C)hard labor.
D)begging.

Question 63

According to Nordstrom in "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story oAmputees," the
Muleque women and other women in southern Africa often create their own self-run,
informal banking systems.

Question 64

According to Nordstrom in "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story oAmputees," when a woman receives the entire banking poin her informal banking group, she often will use the money to

A)purchase a boutique and set up a formal business.
B)build a decent home to live in.
C)buy a car and hire a driver.
D)invest in a small piece of farmland to grow and harvest crops to sell.

Question 65

According to Nordstrom in "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story oAmputees," the efforts othe amputee women to group together, form banking systems, and move from local subsistence to international profitmaking

A)were a haphazard reaction to their circumstances.
B)were part of a carefully crafted plan of development.
C)brought significantly less money into the country than unauthorized diamond mining.
D)were not central to the economy of the country.

Question 66

According to Nordstrom in "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story oAmputees," the United Nations worker equated __________ to the invisible center ogravity othe society.

A)women
B)men
C)informal economies
D)information banking systems

Question 67

In "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story oAmputees," Nordstrom illustrates thathe self-run, informal banking system thathe women oMuleque developed was

A)based on stability, trust, and allegiance.
B)regulated to ensure that a woman did not receive all of the money and then immediately leave the group.
C)taxed and monitored by the government.
D)unsuccessful in providing women with proceeds to invest in farming or other items.

Question 68

In "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story oAmputees," Nordstrom observes thathe earnings, networks, and contributions to developmenby the amputees and other women in Africa

A)do not contribute as much to the economy as the amount earned in unauthorized diamond mining.
B)rival the entire gross domestic products (GDPs) of the countries of this region of the world.
C)pale in comparison to the GDPs of countries in this region of the world.
D)do not rise to the level of the $1 billion a year lost from oil profits.

Question 69

According to Nordstrom in "Illegal Economies and the Untold Story oAmputees," the
Muleque woman had friends in government, as well as in the mining and transport
industries, who regularly took their wares on flights or trucks going across the country.