Deck 1: Data and Statistics

Question 1

The set of measurements collected for a particular element is are) called

A) variables
B) observations
C) samples
D) None of these alternatives is correct.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Quantitative data refers to data obtained with an)

A) ordinal scale
B) nominal scale
C) either interval or ratio scale
D) only interval scale

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The subject of data mining deals with

A) methods for developing useful decision-making information from large data bases
B) keeping data secure so that unauthorized individuals cannot access the data
C) computational procedure for data analysis
D) computing the average for data

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Temperature is an example of a variable that uses

A) the ratio scale
B) the interval scale
C) the ordinal scale
D) either the ratio or the ordinal scale

Question 5

The scale of measurement that has an inherent zero value defined is the

A) ratio scale
B) nominal scale
C) ordinal scale
D) interval scale

Question 6

In a questionnaire, respondents are asked to mark their gender as male or female. Gender is an example of the

A) ordinal scale
B) nominal scale
C) ratio scale
D) interval scale

Question 7

The process of capturing, storing, and maintaining data is known as

A) data manipulation
B) data monitoring
C) data warehousing
D) category analysis

Question 8

Some hotels ask their guests to rate the hotel's services as excellent, very good, good, and poor. This is an example of the

A) ordinal scale
B) ratio scale
C) nominal scale
D) interval scale

Question 9

The interval scale of measurement has the properties of the

A) ratio and nominal scales
B) ratio and ordinal scales
C) ratio scale
D) None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 10

Data

A) are always be numeric
B) are always nonnumeric
C) are the raw material of statistics
D) None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 11

The nominal scale of measurement has the properties of the

A) ordinal scale
B) only interval scale
C) ratio scale
D) None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 12

Arithmetic operations are appropriate for

A) only the ratio scale
B) only the interval scale
C) the nominal scale
D) None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 13

Income is an example of a variable that uses the

A) ratio scale
B) interval scale
C) nominal scale
D) ordinal scale

Question 14

Methods for developing useful decision-making information from large data bases is known as

A) data manipulation
B) data monitoring
C) data base conversion
D) data mining

Question 15

The ratio scale of measurement has the properties of

A) only the ordinal scale
B) only the nominal scale
C) the rank scale
D) the interval scale

Question 16

The entities on which data are collected are

A) elements
B) populations
C) samples
D) None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 17

Arithmetic operations are inappropriate for

A) the ratio scale
B) the interval scale
C) both the ratio and interval scales
D) the nominal scale

Question 18

Data obtained from a nominal scale

A) must be alphabetic
B) can be either numeric or nonnumeric
C) must be numeric
D) must rank order the data

Question 19

The scale of measurement that is used to rank order the observation for a variable is called the

A) ratio scale
B) ordinal scale
C) nominal scale
D) interval scale

Question 20

The ordinal scale of measurement has the properties of the

A) ratio scale
B) interval scale
C) nominal scale
D) ratio and interval scales

Question 21

Statistical studies in which researchers control variables of interest are

A) experimental studies
B) control observational studies
C) non-experimental studies
D) observational studies

Question 22

Another name for "observations" is

A) views
B) variables
C) cases
D) None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 23

Ordinary arithmetic operations are meaningful

A) only with categorical data
B) only with quantitative data
C) either with quantitative or categorical data
D) None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 24

Social security numbers consist of numeric values. Therefore, social security is an example of

A) a quantitative variable
B) either a quantitative or a categorical variable
C) an exchange variable
D) a categorical variable

Question 25

A characteristic of interest for the elements is called an)

A) sample
B) data set
C) variable
D) None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 26

The summaries of data, which may be tabular, graphical, or numerical, are referred to as

A) inferential statistics
B) Data and Statistics
C) statistical inference
D) report generation

Question 27

Statistical studies in which researchers do not control variables of interest are

A) experimental studies
B) uncontrolled experimental studies
C) not of any value
D) observational studies

Question 28

Quantitative data

A) are always nonnumeric
B) may be either numeric or nonnumeric
C) are always numeric
D) None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 29

Data collected over several time periods are

A) time series data
B) time controlled data
C) crossectional data
D) time crossectional data

Question 30

All the data collected in a particular study are referred to as the

A) inference
B) variable
C) data set
D) None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 31

Data collected at the same, or approximately the same, point in time are

A) time series data
B) approximate time series data
C) crossectional data
D) approximate data

Question 32

In a questionnaire, respondents are asked to mark their gender as male or female. Gender is an example of a

A) categorical variable
B) quantitative variable
C) categorical or quantitative variable, depending on how the respondents answered the question
D) None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 33

Categorical data

A) must be numeric
B) must be nonnumeric
C) cannot be numeric
D) may be either numeric or nonnumeric

Question 34

Income is an example of

A) categorical data
B) either categorical or quantitative data
C) dollar data
D) quantitative data

Question 35

Categorical data

A) indicate either how much or how many
B) cannot be numeric
C) are labels used to identify attributes of elements
D) must be nonnumeric

Question 36

Temperature is an example of

A) a categorical variable
B) a quantitative variable
C) either a quantitative or categorical variable
D) neither a quantitative nor categorical variable

Question 37

The number of cases will always be the same as the number of

A) variables
B) elements
C) data sets
D) data

Question 38

For ease of data entry into a university database, 1 denotes that the student is an undergraduate and 2 indicates that the student is a graduate student. In this case data are

A) categorical
B) quantitative
C) either categorical or quantitative
D) neither categorical nor quantitative

Question 39

Statistical inference

A) refers to the process of drawing inferences about the sample based on the characteristics of the population
B) is the same as Data and Statistics
C) is the process of drawing inferences about the population based on the information taken from the sample
D) is the same as a census

Question 40

Arithmetic operations are inappropriate for

A) categorical data
B) quantitative data
C) both categorical and quantitative data
D) large data sets

Question 41

The Department of Transportation of a city has noted that on the average there are 17 accidents per day. The average number of accidents is an example of

A) Data and Statistics
B) statistical inference
C) a sample
D) a population

Question 42

The height of a building, measured in feet, is an example of

A) categorical data
B) either categorical or quantitative data
C) feet data
D) quantitative data

Question 43

In a data set, the number of elements will always be the same as the number of

A) independent variables
B) observations
C) data points
D) dependent variables

Question 44

The collection of all elements of interest in a particular study is

A) the population
B) the sampling
C) statistical inference
D) Data and Statistics

Question 45

In a post office, the mailboxes are numbered from 1 to 4,500. These numbers represent

A) categorical data
B) quantitative data
C) either categorical or quantitative data
D) since the numbers are sequential, the data is quantitative

Question 46

The scale of measurement that is simply a label for the purpose of identifying the attribute of an element is the

A) ratio scale
B) nominal scale
C) ordinal scale
D) interval scale

Question 47

The average age in a sample of 190 students at City College is 22. As a result of this sample, it can be concluded that the average age of all the students at City College

A) must be more than 22, since the population is always larger than the sample
B) must be less than 22, since the sample is only a part of the population
C) could not be 22
D) could be larger, smaller, or equal to 22

Question 48

The weight of a candy bar in ounces is an example of

A) categorical data
B) either categorical or quantitative data
C) weight data
D) quantitative data

Question 49

In a sample of 400 students in a university, 80, or 20%, are Business majors. Based on the above information, the school's paper reported that "20% of all the students at the university are Business majors." This report is an example of

A) a sample
B) a population
C) statistical inference
D) Data and Statistics

Question 50

Five hundred residents of a city are polled to obtain information on voting intentions in an upcoming city election. The five hundred residents in this study is an example of an)

A) census
B) sample
C) observation
D) population

Question 51

One hundred students from a large university were asked about their opinion on the new health care program. The 100 represents

A) a sample
B) a population
C) statistical inference
D) Data and Statistics

Question 52

Which of the following variables use the ratio scale of measurement?

A) social security number
B) temperature
C) gender
D) income

Question 53

Which of the following is a scale of measurement?

A) ratio
B) primal
C) divisional
D) remedial

Question 54

A statistics professor asked students in a class their ages. On the basis of this information, the professor states that the average age of all the students in the university is 24 years. This is an example of

A) a census
B) Data and Statistics
C) an experiment
D) statistical inference

Question 55

The process of analyzing sample data in order to draw conclusions about the characteristics of a population is called

A) Data and Statistics
B) statistical inference
C) data analysis
D) data summarization

Question 56

The owner of a factory regularly requests a graphical summary of all employees' salaries. The graphical summary of salaries is an example of

A) a sample
B) Data and Statistics
C) statistical inference
D) an experiment

Question 57

A portion of the population selected to represent the population is called

A) statistical inference
B) Data and Statistics
C) a census
D) a sample

Question 58

Which scale of measurement can be either numeric or nonnumeric?

A) nominal
B) ratio
C) interval
D) None of these alternatives is correct.

Question 59

Which of the following is not a scale of measurement?

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) primal

Question 60

Since a sample is a subset of the population, the sample mean

A) is always smaller than the mean of the population
B) is always larger than the mean of the population
C) must be equal to the mean of the population
D) can be larger, smaller, or equal to the mean of the population

Question 61

A survey to collect data on the entire population is

A) a census
B) a sample
C) a population
D) an inference

Question 62

How many scales of measurement exist?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 63

Which of the following is the correct number of classes in a frequency distribution?

A) 4
B) 6
C) 10
D) There is no correct number of classes.

Question 64

A population is

A) the same as a sample
B) the selection of a random sample
C) the collection of all items of interest in a particular study
D) always the same size as the sample

Question 65

In Excel, a worksheet that displays the data for the problem and shows the results of the analysis is

A) a formula worksheet
B) a value worksheet
C) an absolute worksheet
D) a descriptive worksheet

Question 66

In a random sample of 200 items, 5 items were defective. An estimate of the percentage of defective items in the population is

A) 5.0%
B) 2.5%
C) 200
D) 10.0%

Question 67

As one of its major contributions, statistics uses data from a sample to make estimates and test hypotheses about the characteristics of a population through a process referred to as

A) hypothesis of the sample
B) descriptive statistics
C) influencing the sample information
D) statistical inference

Question 68

The process of conducting a survey to collect data for the entire population is called a

A) sample survey
B) population
C) census
D) statistical inference

Question 69

On a street, the houses are numbered from 300 to 450. The house numbers are examples of

A) categorical data
B) quantitative data
C) both quantitative and categorical data
D) neither quantitative nor categorical data

Question 70

In Excel, a worksheet that displays the formulas used to create the results is a

A) results worksheet
B) formula worksheet
C) value worksheet
D) sample worksheet

Question 71

The process of conducting a survey to collect data for a sample is called a

A) sample survey
B) census
C) inference
D) either inference or census depending on the situation

Question 72

Which of the following can be classified as quantitative data?

A) interval and ordinal
B) ratio and ordinal
C) nominal and ordinal
D) interval and ratio

Question 73

The following is a frequency distribution of the monthly expenditures for gasoline of 400 households in Chattanooga. $\begin{array}{|c|c|r|}\hline\text { Class } & \text { Expenditure \$) } & \text { \# of households } \\\hline 1 & 0 \text { and under } 20 & 84 \\\hline 2 & 20 \text { and under 40 } & 128 \\\hline 3 & 40 \text { and under } 60 & 68 \\\hline 4 & 60 \text { and under } 80 & 56 \\\hline 5 & 80 \text { and under } 100 & 40 \\\hline 6 & 100 \text { and over } & 24\\\hline\end{array}$ What is the cumulative relative frequency of the 3rd class?

A) .17
B) .53
C) .66
D) .70

Question 74

In observational studies, the variable of interest

A) is not controlled
B) is controlled
C) must be numerical
D) cannot be numerical

Question 75

In experimental studies, the variable of interest

A) is not controlled
B) is controlled
C) must be numerical
D) cannot be numerical

Question 76

Exhibit 1-1
In a recent study based upon an inspection of 200 homes in Daisy City, 80 were found to violate one or more city codes.
Refer to Exhibit 1-1. The Daisy City study described above is an example of the use of a

A) census
B) sample
C) probability
D) population

Question 77

Exhibit 1-1
In a recent study based upon an inspection of 200 homes in Daisy City, 80 were found to violate one or more city codes.
Refer to Exhibit 1-1. The city manager released a statement that 40% of Daisy City's 2,000 homes are in violation of city codes. The manager's statement is an example of

A) a census
B) an experiment
C) Data and Statistics
D) statistical inference

Question 78

The sample size

A) can be larger than the population size
B) is always smaller than the population size
C) can be larger or smaller than the population size
D) is always equal to the size of the population

Question 79

An interviewer has made an error in recording the data. This type of error is known as

A) an experimental error
B) a data acquisition error
C) a non-experimental error
D) a conglomerate error

Question 80

Census refers to

A) an experimental study to collect data on the entire population
B) an experimental study to collect data on a sample
C) a survey to collect data on a sample
D) a survey to collect data on the entire population