Deck 7: The Skeleton

Question 1

The frontal bone articulates with the parietal bone by means of the sagittal suture.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

All vertebrae possess a body, a spine, and transverse foramina.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The term vertebrochondral ribs refers to the "false ribs," that attach to each other before theyattach to the sternum.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The mastoid sinuses are located at a position in the skull where they are usually free from infections.

Question 5

The largest and strongest bone of the face is the maxilla.

Question 6

Most of the body's weight is carried by the talus and calcaneus.

Question 7

Lordosis affects the thoracic vertebrae.

Question 8

In women of childbearing age, the dimensions of the true pelvis are of utmost importance.

Question 9

The most common site of fracture in the humerus is the anatomical neck.

Question 10

In the anatomical position, the lateral forearm bone is the radius.

Question 11

The shallow socket of the shoulder joint restricts the movement of the humerus but does increase the stability of the joint.

Question 12

The tubercle of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.

Question 13

All of the bones of the skull, except the mandible, are united by sutures and are thereforeimmovable.

Question 14

The vertebral column is held in place primarily by the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments.

Question 15

The dens articulates with the occipital bone.

Question 16

There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.

Question 17

The temporal bone connects to the zygomatic bone via the temporal process of the temporal bone.

Question 18

The vomer along with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the bony part of the nasal septum.

Question 19

Costal cartilages join most ribs to the sternum.

Question 20

The lacrimal bone contains a grove that forms part of lacrimal fossa. Along with the soft tissue of the lacrimal sac, these structures drain tears from the eye into the nasal passage.

Question 21

The range of motion as well as the direction of motion for the various regions of the spine differs. For example the lumbar spine is capable of flexion and extension but little rotationalmovement. While the thoracic spine rotates with little flexion or extension. This is due tovariation in________.

A) the composition of the intervertebral disks
B) the orientation of the superior and inferior articular facets
C) the thickness of the intervertebral disc
D) the arrangement of muscular attachment to the spinous processes

Question 22

The proximal end of the ulna illustrates the relationship of form and function. The rounded trochlear notch articulates with the hourglass shape of the trochlea. This forms a joint that allows for ________.

A) the hinge like motion of the forearm
B) the curling of the fingers
C) the rotational motion of the forearm
D) the hyper extension of the forearm

Question 23

When looking at the range of motion of the various sections of the vertebral column the________ has the most flexibility

A) sacral spine
B) lumbar spine
C) cervical spine
D) thoracic spine

Question 24

The bones in the skull have many different names but what are the boundaries of each bone?Where do they start and stop?

A) Bones of the skull are separated by immobile joints called sutures.
B) The boundaries are indistinct and are simply vague generalized regions.
C) Boundaries for skull bones are seen only in the infant skull.
D) Bones of the skull are continuous but named for their specific markings.

Question 25

The axial skeleton includes ________.

A) the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage
B) the skull, vertebral column, and pelvis
C) arms, legs, hands, and feet
D) the skull, the scapula and the vertebral column

Question 26

Which of the following would be most associated with process of warming and humidifying inhaled air?

A) the cranial bones
B) hyoid bone
C) the bones comprising the orbits
D) the paranasal sinuses

Question 27

During concussion (a type of traumatic brain injury) the brain will move within the cranialcavity. Damage is caused to the brain as it crashes into parts of the bony cavity walls. Ironicallyone of the bone markings that can cause serious damage to the brain is the ironic because one of the functions of this bone marking is to ________.________. This is

A) perpendicular plate; separate the left and right halves of the nasal cavity
B) crista galli; attach to the dura matter holding the brain in place
C) styloid process; attach to and support the hyoid bone
D) pterygoid processes; anchor important chewing muscles

Question 28

The sphenoid bone is sometimes referred to as a "key stone" of the skull. This is due to the factthat________.

A) the intricate shape of the sphenoid makes it critical to the district characteristics of the individual human face
B) the sphenoid bone is solid like a stone and provides the strength necessary to support the skull
C) the sphenoid is in the center of the skull and it articulates (joins) with all of the other bones of the skull (excluding the mandible)
D) the sphenoid is wedged in the superior most portion of the skull and supports all of the other bones below (excluding the mandible)

Question 29

The hypothalamus is a region of the brain controlling many aspects of the endocrine system. It works closely with the pituitary gland. The hypothalamus is directly superior to the pituitary and is therefore ________.

A) superior to the crista galli
B) superior to the sella turcica
C) inferior to the cribriform plate
D) the only region of the brain that is outside of the skull

Question 30

The anatomy of the thoracic cage provides ridged support and protection but at the same time is also flexible and mobile. Of the list below, which feature does not aid in the flexibility and movement of the thoracic cage?

A) the costal cartilages
B) the costal spaces occupied by costal muscle
C) the sternal angle
D) the jugular notch

Question 31

Of the list below, select the one that gives the least explanation for the relatively high mobility of the arms.

A) The relatively open glenoid cavity of the glenohumeral joint.
B) The subscapular notch is a passage way for nerves.
C) The scapula does not articulate to the axial skeleton directly.
D) The clavicle articulates to the axial skeleton at only the sternal end.

Question 32

The pituitary gland is housed in a saddle-like depression in the temporal bone called the sella turcica.

Question 33

Which of the bones of the skull would you most associate with hearing and balance?

A) the temporal bone
B) the occipital bone
C) the parietal bone
D) the zygomatic bone

Question 34

Which is the best description for the function of the cranial bones?

A) allowing introduction of food into the digestive system
B) providing passageways for respiratory gases to move into and out of the body
C) protection of the brain
D) house the special sense organs

Question 35

Curvatures of the spine serve the body by ________.

A) applying greater pressure to the intervertebral disks preventing them from slipping
B) providing space for soft organs in the various body cavities
C) giving additional springiness and flexibility to the spine which absorbs shock
D) limiting the flexibility of the spine and preventing hyperextension

Question 36

Which of the following can be considered a function of the paranasal sinuses?

A) The paranasal sinuses are passageways for nerves to pass through.
B) Sinuses have rough patches that aid in muscle attachment.
C) Sinuses are often referred to as vestigial, anatomical features with no know function.
D) Sinuses take away a minimal amount of strength from bones while reducing the weight of bones.

Question 37

The sella turcica is part of the________ bone and houses the ________ gland.

A) ethmoid; pituitary
B) ethmoid; thymus
C) sphenoid; thymuss
D) sphenoid; pituitary

Question 38

The glenohumeral joint that articulates the humerus to the pectoral girdle is a highly mobile joint. This mobility comes at a cost because ________.

A) muscles that span this mobile joint will only provide a reduced amount of power
B) the joint is relatively unstable and can easily dislocate
C) these type of joints are harder to control and coordinate
D) the blood vessels that lead to the arm and hand can easily be cut off by the free range of motion

Question 39

Which of the following would be most associated with housing the special sense organs?

A) the bones of the inner ear
B) hyoid bone
C) the cranial bones
D) the facial bones

Question 40

The proximal end of the radius illustrates the relationship of form and function. The cup-like surface of the radial head articulates with the rounded shape of the capitulum. This forms a joint that allows for ________.

A) the curling of the fingers
B) the rotational motion of the forearm
C) the hinge like motion of the forearm
D) the hyper extension of the forearm

Question 41

Along with support, the anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column also acts to________.

A) prevent hyperextension of the spine
B) hold the spine erect
C) protect the spinal cord
D) hold the discs in place

Question 42

How are thoracic vertebrae 11 and 12 different from the other vertebrae?

A) The spinous processes are directed parallel with the centrum.
B) The transverse processes do not have facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs.
C) There are two foramina on vertebrae 11 and 12.
D) The orientation of the articular processes is different from all the other thoracic vertebrae.

Question 43

Which bone is in direct contact with the first metatarsal?

A) cuboid
B) lateral cuneiform
C) medial cuneiform
D) calcaneus

Question 44

The superior nasal concha is a part of which bone?

A) ethmoid
B) vomer
C) maxilla
D) sphenoid

Question 45

Which vertebra does not have a body?

A) last cervical
B) last lumbar
C) axis
D) atlas

Question 46

Paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones?

A) maxillae
B) zygomatic bones
C) vomer
D) nasal conchae

Question 47

Thoracic vertebrae differ from the other vertebrae in that they have ________.

A) no intervertebral discs
B) no transverse processes
C) costal facets
D) transverse foramina

Question 48

Which of the following is the abnormal curve often seen in pregnant women as they attempt to preserve their center of gravity toward the end of the pregnancy?

A) kyphosis
B) scoliosis
C) hunchback
D) lordosis

Question 49

The superior orbital fissure is formed in the sphenoid bone, whereas the inferior orbital fissureis formed between the sphenoid and________.

A) lacrimal
B) maxilla
C) ethmoid
D) palatine

Question 50

Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region?

A) lordosis
B) swayback
C) kyphosis
D) scoliosis

Question 51

The suture that connects the two parietal bones together is the ________.

A) lambdoid
B) squamous
C) coronal
D) sagittal

Question 52

The "true wrist" or carpus consists of ________.

A) the metacarpals
B) a group of eight short bones united by ligaments
C) the phalanges
D) the styloid processes of the radius and ulna

Question 53

The hyoid bone is unique because it ________.

A) is composed of three bones joined together
B) is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone
C) is the only irregular bone found in the neck
D) is the only bone formed by the fusion of right and left halves

Question 54

The antebrachium is composed of which of the following two bones?

A) the humerus and the radius
B) the scapula and the clavicle
C) the humerus and the clavicle
D) the radius and the ulna

Question 55

What are the major functions of the intervertebral discs?

A) to remove curvatures of the spine and provide springiness to the spinal column
B) to prevent hyperextension and allow rotation of the spine
C) to hold together the vertebra and support the body
D) to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine

Question 56

What is the major function of the axial skeleton?

A) provide central support for the body and protect internal organs
B) give the body resilience
C) provide a space for the major digestive organs
D) provide an attachment point for muscles that allow movement

Question 57

The pelvic girdle does not include the________.

A) ischium
B) femur
C) ilium
D) pubis

Question 58

Which bone forms the prominence of the cheek?

A) zygomatic bone
B) palatine bone
C) temporal bone
D) sphenoid bone

Question 59

Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body?

A) the sacrum
B) the cervical region
C) the sacral promontory
D) the lumbar region

Question 60

Which bone acts as a moveable base for the tongue?

A) palatine
B) zygomatic bone
C) hyoid bone
D) mandible

Question 61

Describe the differences between the bones of the lower and upper limb and briefly state why these differences exist.

Question 62

Jason is a 14-year-old who recently had his nose pierced through the nasal septum. He tells his motherthat the area is very tender and warm to the touch. The area is also red. The mother calls the pediatrician's office and the nurse recommends that the mother bring Jason in for evaluation. The nurse explains to the mother that a local infection can spread and cause serious harm. Where do you think the infection couldspread and why?

Question 63

If the hyoid bone is not attached to another bone why is it so important?

Question 64

The smallest short bone in the hand is the ________.

Question 65

Identify the arches of the foot and describe how they are maintained.

Question 66

A skeleton was found in a wooded area. It was brought to a forensic medicine laboratory for identification.The first thing the coroner did was determine the age, sex, and possible size of the person. What was examined in order to get this information?

Question 67

How are the pectoral and pelvic girdles structurally different? How is this difference reflected in their functions?

Question 68

Which portion of the fibula articulates with the talus?

A) head
B) calcaneus
C) lateral malleolus
D) medial malleolus

Question 69

What is the function of the lumbar curvature?

Question 70

What is the purpose of the articular processes of the vertebrae?

Question 71

Why is the area just distal to the tubercles of the humerus called the surgical neck?

Question 72

How do the first two cervical vertebrae differ from other cervical vertebrae? What are their functions?

Question 73

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms the superior part of the nasal septum?

A) orbital plate
B) cribriform plate
C) crista galli
D) perpendicular plate

Question 74

Describe the composition of the intervertebral discs.

Question 75

The styloid process of the

Question 76

Which vertebral curvature abnormality is the most serious? Why?

Question 77

After having a severe cold accompanied by nasal congestion, Jamila complained that she had a headache just above her eyes and that the right side of her face ached. What specific bony structures probablybecame infected by the bacteria or viruses causing the cold?

Question 78

Which of the following bones is not weight bearing?

A) femur
B) tibia
C) talus
D) fibula

Question 79

What is the purpose of the vertebral curvatures?

Question 80

The largest foramen in the body is the ________ foramen.