Deck 8: Joints

Question 1

A ball-a nd-socket joint is a multiaxial joint.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.

Question 5

Pronation is a much stronger movement than supination.

Question 6

Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion.

Question 7

The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to unite bones and prevent undesirable movement.

Question 8

The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.

Question 9

Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris.

Question 10

Moving a limb so that it describes a cone in space is called circumduction.

Question 11

A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ________ joint.

A) gomphosis
B) syndesmosis
C) suture
D) synchondrosis

Question 12

The cruciate ligaments of the knee ________.

A) are also called collateral ligaments
B) attach to each other in their midportions
C) prevent hyperextension of the knee
D) tend to run parallel to one another

Question 13

The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.

Question 14

A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids.

Question 15

Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa.

Question 16

Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint.

Question 17

All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.

Question 18

Supination is the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned anteriorly or superiorly.

Question 19

The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.

Question 20

A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint.

Question 21

Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________.

A) form the synovial membrane
B) produce red blood cells (hemopoiesis)
C) provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints
D) attach tendons

Question 22

Fibrous joints are classified as ________.

A) hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal
B) pivot, hinge, and ball and socket
C) sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
D) symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular

Question 23

The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ________ synovial joint.

A) biaxial
B) nonaxial
C) uniaxial
D) multiaxial

Question 24

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called ________.

A) bursae
B) ligaments
C) menisci
D) tendons

Question 25

Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid?

A) It contains enzymes only.
B) It contains hyaluronic acid.
C) It contains hydrochloric acid.
D) It contains lactic acid.

Question 26

On the basis of structural classification, which is a fibrous joint?

A) synchondrosis
B) syndesmosis
C) pivot
D) symphysis

Question 27

Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?

A) syndesmoses
B) synchondroses
C) gomphoses
D) sutures

Question 28

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of________.

A) hyperextension
B) extension
C) circumduction
D) flexion

Question 29

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?

A) Gliding movements are multiaxial.
B) An example of a gliding movement is nodding one's head.
C) Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.
D) Gliding movements allow flexibility of the upper limbs.

Question 30

What is moving a limb away from the midline of the body along the frontal plane called?

A) extension
B) adduction
C) flexion
D) abduction

Question 31

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.

A) synovial joints
B) synarthroses
C) diarthroses
D) amphiarthroses

Question 32

What are menisci (articular discs)?

A) tendon sheaths
B) small sacs containing synovial fluid
C) wedges of fibrocartilage that partially or completely divide the synovial cavity
D) cavities lined with cartilage

Question 33

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit themovement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called________.

A) cruciate ligaments
B) tibial collateral ligaments
C) patellar ligaments
D) anterior ligaments

Question 34

The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to the ________.

A) ar ms
B) feet
C) hands
D) hands and the feet

Question 35

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?

A) joints that permit angular movements
B) cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones
C) interphalangeal joints
D) amphiarthrotic joints designed for strength and flexibility

Question 36

The gliding motion of the wrist uses ________ joints.

A) condyloid
B) hinge
C) pivot
D) plane

Question 37

In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?

A) Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable.
B) All synovial joints are freely movable.
C) Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses.
D) In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.

Question 38

Synarthrotic joints ________.

A) characterize all cartilaginous joints
B) are found only in adults
C) are immovable joints
D) have large joint cavities

Question 39

In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.

A) synovial membranes
B) fibrocartilage
C) tendon sheaths
D) hyaline cartilage

Question 40

A joint united by fibrocartilage tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a________.

A) gomphosis
B) suture
C) symphysis
D) syndesmosis

Question 41

Lifting up a glass to take a drink involves the elbow joint. Which of the following correctly characterizes that joint?

A) diarthrotic
B) cartilaginous
C) pivot
D) biaxial

Question 42

Moving your jaw forward, causing an underbite, is called ________.

A) protraction
B) pronation
C) retraction
D) adduction

Question 43

Which of the following statements best describes angular movements?

A) They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.
B) They turn a bone along its own long axis.
C) They allow movement only in one plane.
D) They occur only between bones with flat articular processes.

Question 44

An example of an interosseous fibrous joint is ________.

A) between the vertebrae
B) the radius and ulna along its length
C) the clavicle and the scapula at the distal ends
D) between the humerus and the glenoid cavity

Question 45

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________.

A) rare because of the ligament reinforcement
B) rare because the rotator cuff stabilizes the hip joint
C) common in all people who are overweight
D) common due to the weight bearing the hip endures

Question 46

Pointing the toes is an example of ________.

A) circumduction
B) pronation
C) plantar flexion
D) protraction

Question 47

Tendon sheaths________.

A) act as friction-reducing structures
B) help anchor the tendon to the muscle
C) are extensions of periosteum
D) are lined with dense irregular connective tissue

Question 48

Performing "jumping jacks" requires________.

A) abduction and adduction
B) pronation and supination
C) flexion and extention
D) inversion and eversion

Question 49

Which of the following is a true statement?

A) The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint.
B) The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process.
C) The ulna and the radius articulate at both the proximal and distal ends.
D) The greater tubercle of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula.

Question 50

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ________.

A) the patellar ligament extending from femur to patella
B) cruciate ligaments, which help secure the articulating bones together
C) fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, which prevent lateral or medial rotation
D) the oblique popliteal crossing the knee anteriorly

Question 51

Which of the following is not strictly a part of a synovial joint?

A) tendon sheath
B) articular (joint) capsule
C) articular cartilage
D) joint (articular) cavity

Question 52

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?

A) the patellar ligament
B) the medial patellar retinacula
C) the extracapsular ligament
D) the lateral patellar retinacula

Question 53

All of the following are factors that influence synovial joint stability except?

A) number of bones in the joint
B) arrangement and tension of the muscles
C) strength and tension of joint ligaments
D) structure and shape of the articulating bone

Question 54

Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?

A) hinge joint
B) symphysis
C) synchondrosis
D) suture

Question 55

Which of the following movements does not increase or decrease the angle between bones?

A) abduction
B) rotation
C) extension
D) circumduction

Question 56

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Identify a saddle joint of the skeleton.

A) carpometacarpal joint of the phalanges
B) carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
C) metacarpophalangeal joint of the finger
D) interphalangeal joint of the finger

Question 57

Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the following is(are) damaged as a result?

A) tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament
B) suprapatellar ligament
C) arcuate popliteal and the posterior cruciate ligaments
D) oblique popliteal and extracapsular ligaments

Question 58

Antibiotic treatment would be recommended for ________.

A) rheumatoid arthritis
B) Lyme disease
C) gout
D) osteoarthritis

Question 59

An individual with a "double-jointed" thumb can pull it back towards the wrist much farther than normal. What does it mean to be "double-jointed?"

A) articular cartilage at bone ends is replaced with hyaline cartilage
B) the additional joint present doubles the range of motion
C) greater than normal production of serous fluid lubricates the joint and extends it
D) the joint capsules and ligaments are more stretchy and loose than normal

Question 60

Which ligament restricts side-t o-side movements at the elbow?

A) acetabular labrum
B) ulnar collateral ligament
C) anular ligament
D) lateral ligament

Question 61

Why are epiphyseal plates considered temporary joints?

Question 62

Farhad begins typing his term paper on his new computer early one morning. After 8 hours of typing, he notices that his wrists are stiff and very sore. The next morning, Farhad begins to finish his paper, but soon finds his wrists hurt worse than last night. What is wrong?

Question 63

Although uric acid is a normal waste product of nucleic acid metabolism, excessive levels lead to goutyarthritis. How does this waste product build up and cause so much pain when things go wrong and why is it more common in men?

Question 64

Briefl y describe the structure of a typical synovial joint.

Question 65

A nurse is instructing the patient care assistants (PCAs) on transfer techniques. For patients needing to be slid toward the head of the bed, the nurse tells the PCAs to use a draw sheet under the patient's torso. She tells them to avoid pulling on their hands or arms. Based on your knowledge of the shoulder joint, explain why pulling on the extremities should be avoided.

Question 66

Synovial joints have six distinguishing features. What are they?

Question 67

After months of very little exercise, you decide to go for a long run. After a mile, you start to feel pain in your kneecap area. What could explain this?

Question 68

Greg is somewhat of a "weekend athlete" who has overextended himself by pitching multiple baseball games for a local team during the week and by playing golf on the weekends for several hours. Hepresented himself to the emergency room last week with severe shoulder pain (at the glenohumeral joint). The physician told him that the X-ray was not conclusive, but he may have damage to his rotator cuff. What is the rotator cuff, and how might he have caused this damage? What remedies will the physician recommend?

Question 69

Which joint does not belong with the others?

A) ankle
B) interphalangeal (toes)
C) elbow
D) wrist

Question 70

Mary has been suffering from a "bad knee" for several months. She is a tennis player who often slides in to attack a ball; she is an aerobic devotee and a jogger. She visited an orthopedic surgeon last week who told her that he would "like to have a look at her knee joint." He also told her that her symptoms indicateddamage to the meniscus, and it might have to be removed. What will the doctor do to see the joint, and if the meniscus is removed will Mary be able to play tennis again?

Question 71

How can osteoarthritis be treated?

Question 72

While the fingers can exhibit flexion and extension and other angular motions, the thumb has much greater freedom. Why?

Question 73

Why is muscle tone the most important stabilizing factor for most joints?

Question 74

The type of joint between the carpal (trapezium) and the first metacarpal is a ________ joint.

A) condylar
B) saddle
C) hinge
D) plane

Question 75

Susan was bitten by a deer tick and now complains of joint pain, flu-like symptoms, and difficulty thinking. What might be her diagnosis and the treatment required to alleviate her symptoms?

Question 76

A friend finally completes a basement floor tiling project that required extensive time on his knees.Afterwards, knee pain took him to a doctor who diagnosed bursitis. Help explain to your friend what bursitis is and what can be done to relieve it.

Question 77

Maggie is a 28-year-old Caucasian woman who has newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis. She complains of painful, stiff hands and feet, feeling tired all the time, and reports an intermittent low-grade fever. She asks the nurse if she is going to be "crippled." How might the nurse explain the pathophysiology ofrheumatoid arthritis?

Question 78

After reading a medical report, you learn that a 45-year-old female has the following symptoms:inflammation of synovial membranes, accumulation of synovial fluid, pain and tenderness about the joints, pannus formation, and some immobility at certain joints. On the basis of these symptoms, what would the patient probably have?