Question 1

The level of measurement that is a label for the purpose of identifying an item is _____.&#10;A) ordinal measurement&#10;B) ratio measurement&#10;C) nominal measurement&#10;D) internal measurement

Accepted Answer

Nominal measurement is the level of measurement that is used to label items for identification purposes. It does not involve any ranking or order, unlike ordinal or ratio measurements. Internal measurement is not a recognized level of measurement.

Question 2

The level of measurement that allows for the rank ordering of data items is _____.&#10;A) nominal measurement&#10;B) ratio measurement&#10;C) interval measurement&#10;D) ordinal measurement

Accepted Answer

Nominal measurement only allows for categorization, ratio measurement requires a true zero point, and interval measurement allows for equal intervals but not meaningful zero points. Only ordinal measurement allows for the ranking or ordering of data items.

Question 3

Statistical methods that require assumptions about the population are known as _____.&#10;A) distribution-free methods&#10;B) nonparametric methods&#10;C) either distribution-free or nonparametric methods&#10;D) parametric methods

Accepted Answer

Parametric methods require assumptions about the population, such as normality or equal variance, whereas distribution-free and nonparametric methods do not rely on these assumptions.

Question 4

Nonparametric methods that can be used to make inferences about a population without requiring an assumption about the distribution of the population are called _____.&#10;A) continuity-correction methods&#10;B) non-probabilistic methods&#10;C) distribution-free methods&#10;D) non-quantitative methods

Accepted Answer

Nonparametric methods are distribution-free methods that do not require any assumption about the population distribution. Continuity-correction methods are a technique used to adjust for continuity when approximating discrete probabilities with continuous distributions, but they still rely on a specific distribution. Non-probabilistic methods refer to methods that do not involve probability calculations, but they do not necessarily imply a lack of assumptions about the population distribution. Non-quantitative methods are methods that do not involve numerical measurements, but this does not necessarily imply a lack of assumptions about the population distribution.

Question 5

For the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, ties among absolute differences are assigned the _____.&#10;A) lowest of their ranks&#10;B) average of their ranks&#10;C) highest of their ranks&#10;D) sum of their ranks

Accepted Answer

Ties among absolute differences are assigned the average of their ranks in the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Question 6

A nonparametric version of the parametric analysis of variance test is the _____.&#10;A) Kruskal-Wallis test&#10;B) Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test&#10;C) sign test&#10;D) Wilcoxon signed-rank test

Accepted Answer

The Kruskal-Wallis test is a nonparametric alternative to the parametric analysis of variance test. The Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, sign test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test are nonparametric alternatives to other parametric tests (in this case, the t-test).

Question 7

The Spearman rank-correlation coefficient is _____.&#10;A) a correlation measure based on the average of data items&#10;B) a correlation measure based on rank-ordered data for two variables&#10;C) a correlation measure based on the median of data items&#10;D) None of the answers is correct.

Accepted Answer

The Spearman rank-correlation coefficient is a correlation measure that assesses how well the relationship between two variables can be described using a monotonic function. It is based on rank-ordered data for two variables rather than their actual values, and it ranges from -1 to 1. Therefore, the best choice is B because it accurately describes what the Spearman rank-correlation coefficient is.

Question 8

If the assumption can be made that the populations all have the same shape, the Kruskal-Wallis test becomes _____.&#10;A) a test of the skewness of the k populations&#10;B) a test of the variances of the k populations&#10;C) a test of the medians of the k populations&#10;D) a test of the means of the k populations

Accepted Answer

If the populations have the same shape, then the Kruskal-Wallis test can be used to test for differences in the medians of the populations.

Question 9

When ranking combined data in a Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the item that receives a rank of 1 is the _____.&#10;A) lowest value&#10;B) highest value&#10;C) middle value&#10;D) average of the highest and lowest values

Accepted Answer

In a Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the items are ranked from lowest to highest based on the absolute value of the difference between the paired data. The item with the lowest value receives a rank of 1.

Question 10

Statistical methods that generally require very few, if any, assumptions about the population distribution are known as _____.&#10;A) parametric methods&#10;B) nonparametric methods&#10;C) free methods&#10;D) None of the answers is correct.

Accepted Answer

Nonparametric methods are designed to be used with data that does not follow a specific distribution, or when we do not know the underlying distribution of the population. They are useful when sample sizes are small or when outliers are present. Parametric methods assume that the data is drawn from a specific probability distribution and make inferences based on that assumption. Free methods is not a commonly used term in statistics.

Question 11

A nonparametric method for determining the differences between two populations based on two matched samples where only preference data are required is the _____.&#10;A) Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test&#10;B) Wilcoxon signed-rank test&#10;C) sign test&#10;D) Kruskal-Wallis test

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nonparametric method for determining the differences...

Question 12

If a null hypothesis that states that two populations are identical is rejected using a nonparametric test, then it is safe to assume that _____.&#10;A) neither the means nor the variances are equal&#10;B) the means of the populations are not the same&#10;C) the variances of the populations are not the same&#10;D) We cannot be sure of the way in which the populations differ from each other.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a null hypothesis that states that...

Question 13

For the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, differences of 0 are _____.&#10;A) discarded&#10;B) assigned a rank of n/2&#10;C) assigned a rank of n&#10;D) assigned a rank of n + 1

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, differences of...

Question 14

A nonparametric test for the equivalence of two populations would be used instead of a parametric test for the equivalence of the population parameters if _____.&#10;A) the samples are very large&#10;B) the samples are not independent&#10;C) no information about the populations is available&#10;D) The parametric test is always used in this situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nonparametric test for the equivalence of...

Question 15

The labeling of parts as &#34;defective&#34; or &#34;non-defective&#34; is an example of _____.&#10;A) ordinal data&#10;B) ratio data&#10;C) interval data&#10;D) nominal data

Accepted Answer

The answer of The labeling of parts as &#34;defective&#34; or...

Question 16

The Spearman rank-correlation coefficient for 20 pairs of data when Σd_i² = 50 is _____. A) .0063 B) .0376 C) .9624 D) .9937

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Spearman rank-correlation coefficient for 20 pairs...

Question 17

A nonparametric test would be used if _____.&#10;A) nominal data are available&#10;B) interval data are available&#10;C) it is known that the population is normally distributed&#10;D) None of the answers is correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nonparametric test would be used if...

Question 18

Which of the following tests would not be an example of nonparametric method?&#10;A) Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test&#10;B) Wilcoxon signed-rank test&#10;C) Sign test&#10;D) t test

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following tests would not...

Deck 18: Nonparametric Methods