Deck 4: Biodiversity and Evolution

Question 1

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
For natural selection to occur,an adaptive trait ____.

A) must be a physical trait
B) must be a physiological trait
C) must be a psychological trait
D) must be a heritable trait
E) cannot be a heritable trait

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
What is the ability of one or more organisms in a population to tolerate a chemical designed to kill it,such as when bacteria tolerate antibiotics?

A) genetic adaptation
B) genetic strength
C) genetic mutation
D) genetic resistance
E) genetic tolerance

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Research performed by Edward O.Wilson on ____ has been applied to the study and understanding of other social organisms,including humans.

A) ants
B) worms
C) bees
D) chimpanzees
E) elephants

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
From a scientific point of view,which of the following is true?

A) Evolution leads to survival of the strongest.
B) Evolution leads to survival of the most valuable.
C) Organisms develop traits because they need them.
D) Fitness is a matter of reproductive success.
E) Evolution follows a plan of nature.

Question 5

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Biological evolution by natural selection is when genes ____,individuals ____,and populations ____.

A) evolve;mutate;are selected
B) are selected;mutate;evolve
C) mutate;evolve;are selected
D) evolve;are selected;mutate
E) mutate;are selected;evolve

Question 6

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following is least associated with biodiversity?

A) functional diversity
B) genetic diversity
C) geological diversity
D) ecological diversity
E) species diversity

Question 7

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The diversity that enables life on the earth to adapt and survive environmental changes is called ____.

A) functional diversity
B) genetic diversity
C) cognitive diversity
D) ecosystem diversity
E) species diversity

Question 8

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN),about ____% of all known amphibian species are threatened with extinction.

A) 15
B) 24
C) 33
D) 49
E) 67

Question 9

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The scientific study of insects is called ____.

A) limnology
B) ornithology
C) ichthyology
D) entomology
E) herpetology

Question 10

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The four components of biodiversity increase the ____ of ecosystems and increase the resistance of ecosystems to harmful invasive species.

A) evenness
B) function
C) strength
D) stability
E) fitness

Question 11

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
In some habitats,the extinction of certain amphibian species could lead to the ____ of certain species of other amphibians,aquatic insects,reptiles,birds,fish,and mammals.

A) natural selection
B) speciation
C) coevolution
D) proliferation
E) extinction

Question 12

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The variety of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems found in an area or on the earth is called ____.

A) species diversity
B) ecological diversity
C) functional diversity
D) geological diversity
E) genetic diversity

Question 13

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Compounds found in the ____ of certain amphibians have been isolated and used in pharmaceutical products.

A) skin secretions
B) gut contents
C) fatty tissue
D) brain matter
E) saliva

Question 14

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
What human adaptation may enable us to live more sustainably by understanding and copying the ways in which nature has sustained itself for billions of years,despite major changes in environmental conditions?

A) our ability to use tools
B) our genes can change over time
C) our physical strength
D) our complex brain
E) our biological fitness is superior to other animals

Question 15

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Many of the earth's plant species depend on ____ to pollinate their flowers.

A) small rodents
B) large mammals
C) amphibians
D) insects
E) humans

Question 16

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
What are amphibians?

A) invertebrates that live part of their lives in water and part on land
B) invertebrates that live on land,near water
C) vertebrates with secretory skin glands that makes them slimy
D) vertebrates that live part of their lives in water and part on land
E) vertebrates that live on land,near water

Question 17

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Why do species such as humans take a much longer time (thousands to millions of years)to adapt through natural selection than species such as bacteria and insects?

A) Species such as humans are limited geographically.
B) Species such as humans are much larger in size.
C) Species such as humans are limited by reproductive capacity.
D) Species such as humans are limited by biological fitness.
E) Species such as humans are limited by natural selection.

Question 18

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
One contributing factor of the declines in many frog species is that frog eggs have ____.

A) shells that prevent frog embryos from hatching easily
B) shells that are permeable to water pollutants
C) no shells to protect from embryos from predation
D) no shells to protect frog embryos from dehydration
E) no shells to protect frog embryos from water pollutants

Question 19

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
What adaptation has allowed humans to increase our chances of survival and reproduction through gripping and using tools?

A) walking upright on two legs
B) physical strength
C) complex brain
D) opposable thumbs
E) five digits on each hand

Question 20

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
What is the variety of processes,including matter cycling and energy flow within ecosystems,which result from species interacting with one another in food webs?

A) functional diversity
B) genetic diversity
C) intellectual diversity
D) ecosystem diversity
E) species diversity

Question 21

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
When a species becomes extinct over a large region,but not worldwide,it is called ____.

A) background extinction
B) partial extinction
C) global extinction
D) mass extinction
E) local extinction

Question 22

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Fossils tell us about the long history of life on the earth and so far,our fossil record probably represents ____ of all species that have ever lived.

A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 20%
D) 50%
E) 75%

Question 23

Mass extinctions,with 25-95% of species going extinct,have occurred how many times in the history of the earth?

A) 1 or 2
B) 3-5
C) 6-8
D) 9-12
E) 20-23

Question 24

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
What term describes the number of different species in a given area?

A) speciation
B) species evenness
C) species niche
D) species richness
E) habitat

Question 25

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The process whereby the earth's life changes over time through changes in genes of populations of organisms in succeeding generations is called ____.

A) emigration
B) mutation
C) natural selection
D) evolution
E) genetic drift

Question 26

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The process in which individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce under a particular set of environmental conditions than are those without the trait is called ____.

A) natural selection
B) adaptability
C) genetic drift
D) mutation
E) scientific theory

Question 27

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The fact that tectonic plates drift influences evolution by ____.

A) increasing the level of carbon dioxide
B) changing the earth's climate
C) changing the spin of the earth
D) decreasing soil nutrient richness
E) changing magnetic fields and disrupts migration patterns

Question 28

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The earth's biodiversity is determined by the balance between ____.

A) geographic isolation and reproductive isolation
B) speciation and extinction
C) mass extinction and background extinction
D) speciation and genetic engineering
E) reproductive isolation and extinction

Question 29

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
A measure of the relative abundance,or the comparative numbers of individuals of each species present,is called ____.

A) species richness
B) species abundance
C) species diversity
D) species evenness
E) species counts

Question 30

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following is true?

A) The higher the species richness,the lower the productivity
B) The higher the species richness,the lower the sustainability
C) The lower the species richness,the more the productivity
D) The lower the species richness,the more the sustainability
E) The higher the species richness,the more the sustainability

Question 31

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
According to some scientists,the more diverse an ecosystem is,the ____ it will be.

A) less productive
B) less abundant
C) less even
D) more productive
E) more even

Question 32

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Geographic isolation may result from ____.

A) reproductive isolation
B) artificial selection
C) mountain ranges
D) extinction
E) speciation

Question 33

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The earth has sustained life for ____ years.

A) 1.5 million
B) 3.5 million
C) 1.5 billion
D) 3.5 billion
E) 1.5 trillion

Question 34

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following would be the least likely cause for the decline of amphibians?

A) habitat destruction
B) prolonged rainy periods
C) pollution
D) increases in UV radiation
E) parasites

Question 35

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Scientists are now able to produce desirable traits in some organisms by adding,deleting,or changing segments of its DNA.This process is known as ____.

A) genetic modification
B) genetic engineering
C) genetic drift
D) mutation
E) speciation

Question 36

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Under certain circumstances,natural selection can lead to an entirely new species.a process called ____.

A) genetic drift
B) genetic isolation
C) diversification
D) speciation
E) mutation

Question 37

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The variety in the genetic makeup of individuals in a population is known as ____.

A) heritability
B) gene flow
C) genetic variability
D) genetic differences
E) genetic drift

Question 38

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The role a species plays in its ecosystem is its ____.

A) function
B) habitat
C) ecological niche
D) geographical location
E) ecological job

Question 39

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Changes in the DNA molecules of a gene in any cell that can be inherited by offspring are called ____.

A) adaptations
B) mutagens
C) mutations
D) variable traits
E) selected traits

Question 40

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Who was responsible for providing a convincing explanation of how organisms change over time and are descended from a single common ancestor through the mechanism of natural selection?

A) Charles Darwin
B) Alfred Russel Wallace
C) Edward O.Wilson
D) Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace
E) Charles Darwin and Edward O.Wilson

Question 41

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Many of the world's amphibian species are adapting rapidly to the environmental changes that are taking place in their habitats,which have been caused by human activities during the past few decades.

Question 42

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Survival of the fittest refers to those individuals that leave the most descendants.

Question 43

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Biodiversity is a vital part of the natural capital that sustains all life.

Question 44

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Long-term climate changes determine where plant and animal species can survive.

Question 45

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The loss of a(n)____ can lead to population crashes and extinctions of other species in a community that depends on them for certain ecosystem services.

A) foundation species
B) indicator species
C) native species
D) keystone species
E) specialist species

Question 46

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Most mutations occur because of exposure to artificial external agents,such as radiation.

Question 47

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Non-native species can spread rapidly if they find a new location with favorable conditions,often because they do not face the same ____ that they face in their native niches.

A) temperatures
B) precipitation ranges
C) pollinators
D) predators
E) soil nutrients

Question 48

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Today,the ____ is among the most threatened of all species in the world,with only 1,600 to 3,000 individuals left in the wild.

A) killer whale
B) American alligator
C) American bullfrog
D) giant panda
E) koala

Question 49

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Most of what we know about the history of life on the earth comes from fossils.

Question 50

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following is true of specialist species?

A) They can live in many different places.
B) They can eat a wide variety of foods.
C) They can tolerate a narrow range of climatic conditions.
D) They can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions.
E) They are less prone to extinction.

Question 51

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Before conservation efforts facilitated their comeback,the American alligator population was nearly completely wiped out primarily because of ____.

A) parasites
B) diseases
C) hunters
D) land developers
E) pollution

Question 52

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
A species with a broad niche is considered a(n)____.

A) endemic species
B) endangered species
C) specialist species
D) native species
E) generalist species

Question 53

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following does not describe an element of an ecological niche?

A) the place where the species lives
B) how much water the species needs
C) how much sunlight the species needs
D) how much space the species needs
E) temperatures the species can tolerate

Question 54

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The fossils found so far probably represent about 50% of the species that have ever lived.

Question 55

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Endemic species are particularly vulnerable to extinction.

Question 56

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following would not be considered a generalist species?

A) humans
B) cockroaches
C) pandas
D) raccoons
E) white-tailed deer

Question 57

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
In speciation,two species interbreed to form one new species.

Question 58

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Genetic engineering allows scientists to transfer genes between different species that would not interbreed in nature.

Question 59

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Species that provide early warnings of damage to a community or an ecosystem are called ____.

A) foundation species
B) indicator species
C) keystone species
D) endemic species
E) endangered species

Question 60

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following is another name for a nonnative species?

A) native
B) invasive
C) keystone
D) indicator
E) foundation

Question 61

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
____________________ diversity is the most obvious component of biodiversity.

Question 62

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature,more than ____ percent of all known amphibian species are declining in numbers.

Question 63

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Any heritable trait that improves the ability of an organism to survive and to reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals in a population are able to do under prevailing environmental conditions is a(n)____________________.

Question 64

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
New species form when one species splits into two or more different species,a process called _______________.

Question 65

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Approximately 200-250 million years ago,all of the earth's present day continents were connected in a super continent known as ____________________.

Question 66

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Large regions such as forests,deserts,and grasslands,with distinct climates and species,are called _______________.

Question 67

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Species that migrate into,or that are deliberately or accidentally introduced into,an ecosystem are called ____________________.

Question 68

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The loss of a(n)____________________ species can lead to population crashes and extinctions of other species in a community that depend on it.

Question 69

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The number of species on the planet at any time is a result of the interaction between the processes of ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 70

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Species that are only found in one area are called _______________ and are especially vulnerable to extinction.

Question 71

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
A(n)____________________ is a significant increase in extinction rates above the background level.

Question 72

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
In geologic history,mass extinctions have been followed by an increase in species diversity.

Question 73

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
The world's entire body of discovered fossils is called the ____________________.

Question 74

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Keystone species have a large effect on the types and abundances of other species in an ecosystem.

Question 75

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
A temperate rain forest is likely to have high species evenness and low species richness.

Question 76

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Charles Darwin and ____________________ both came up with the concept of natural selection as the mechanism for biological evolution.

Question 77

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Even if a beneficial heritable trait is present in a population,the population's ability to adapt may be limited by its ____________________.

Question 78

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Genetic variability in a population is the result of ____________________.

Question 79

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Estimates indicate the average annual background extinction rate is one species lost for each million species on earth per year.

Question 80

Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
Under rapidly changing environmental conditions it is better to be a specialist species.