Deck 5: Biodiversity, species Interactions, and Population Control

Question 1

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Parasites ____.

A) rarely kill their hosts
B) are usually larger than their hosts
C) must be internal to their hosts
D) may strengthen their hosts over a long period of time
E) are usually microscopic

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Some prey species discourage predators with chemicals that are poisonous,irritating,foul smelling,or bad tasting.What is this called?

A) chemotoxicity
B) biological warfare
C) chemical warfare
D) behavioral warfare
E) behavioral strategies

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
When two species behave in ways that benefit both by providing each with food,shelter,or some other resource,it is called ____.

A) mimicry
B) coevolution
C) parasitism
D) commensalism
E) mutualism

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
If multiple species find themselves competing for the same resource,the competition can be reduced by which of the following?

A) camouflage
B) cooperation
C) resource partitioning
D) resource expansion
E) mimicry

Question 5

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The relationship between clownfish and sea anemone is called ____.

A) interspecific competition
B) predation
C) parasitism
D) mutualism
E) commensalism

Question 6

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The relationship between bacteria that live in the digestive systems of animals,such as humans,is ____.

A) interspecific competition
B) predation
C) parasitism
D) mutualism
E) commensalism

Question 7

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following is not considered a form of nondestructive behavior?

A) reducing competition by foraging at different times
B) reducing competition by foraging in different places
C) orchids attached to branches of forest trees
D) using the energy or body of another organisms as a food source
E) bacteria breaking down food for a host and having a sheltered habitat

Question 8

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The primary reason why southern sea otter recovery is important is because they ____.

A) are educational
B) are a keystone species
C) encourage tourism
D) eliminate common pests
E) have luxurious,thick fur

Question 9

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Plants such as bromeliads share a commensalism interaction with large trees in tropical and subtropical forests by attaching to the trunks or branches of the trees.The bromeliads are an example of ____.

A) parasites
B) opportunistic parasites
C) epiphytes
D) prey
E) herbivores

Question 10

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What occurs when members of two or more species interact to gain access to the same limited resources?

A) interspecific competition
B) predation
C) parasitism
D) mutualism
E) commensalism

Question 11

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Kelp forests help reduce ____ by blunting the force of incoming waves and trapping some of the outgoing sand.

A) runoff
B) shore erosion
C) coastal pollution
D) tidal waves
E) tidal pools

Question 12

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What is said to occur when one organism feeds on another organism by living on or in the other organism?

A) interspecific competition
B) predation
C) parasitism
D) mutualism
E) commensalism

Question 13

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What is the most common interaction between species?

A) competition
B) predation
C) parasitism
D) mutualism
E) commensalism

Question 14

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
From the ____ point of view,parasites are harmful,but from the ____ perspective,parasites can promote diversity.

A) population's;host's
B) host's;population's
C) predator's;prey's
D) prey's;predator's
E) community's;individual's

Question 15

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What occurs when an interaction benefits one species but has little,if any,effect on the other?

A) interspecific competition
B) predation
C) parasitism
D) mutualism
E) commensalism

Question 16

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Bats prey on certain species of moths by using high frequency echolocation to locate their prey.Certain moths have evolved ears that can hear these frequencies allowing them to escape.This is an example of ____.

A) mimicry
B) coevolution
C) a behavioral strategy
D) commensalism
E) mutualism

Question 17

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Species can,over a long period of time,develop adaptations that allow them to reduce or avoid competition by sharing resources.This is called ____.

A) competitive exclusion principle
B) resource partitioning
C) population distribution
D) interspecific competition
E) mimicry

Question 18

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What was the primary reason the southern sea otter nearly went extinct by the early 1900s?

A) They scared the tourists.
B) They have thick,luxurious fur.
C) They were ruining the kelp beds.
D) They were eating all the shellfish.
E) They raided valuable bird nests.

Question 19

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
When populations of two different species interact over long periods of time,changes in the gene pool of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other.What is this called?

A) competition
B) coevolution
C) coincidence
D) commensalism
E) predation

Question 20

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The non-poisonous ____ butterfly gains protection by looking like the bad-tasting ____ butterfly,which is a protective device known as ____.

A) monarch;viceroy;camouflage
B) monarch;zebra swallowtail;camouflage
C) viceroy;zebra swallowtail;mimicry
D) viceroy;monarch;mimicry
E) viceroy;monarch;camouflage

Question 21

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Kelp forests are composed of large concentrations of a(n)____.

A) algae
B) phytoplankton
C) seaweed
D) trees
E) anemone

Question 22

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
A population increases through birth and ____.

A) assimilation
B) integration
C) socialization
D) emigration
E) immigration

Question 23

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Too much or too little of any physical or chemical factor can prevent the growth of a population,even if all other factors are at or near the optimum conditions.What is this ecological principle?

A) tolerance
B) limiting factor
C) resilience
D) persistence
E) optimal level

Question 24

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Each population in an ecosystem has a ____ to variations in its physical and chemical environment.

A) low tolerance
B) high tolerance
C) range of tolerance
D) high resilience
E) low resilience

Question 25

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
There are ____ limits to population growth in nature.

A) never
B) sometimes
C) always
D) low
E) high

Question 26

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What would cause a population to overshoot its carrying capacity?

A) an increase in predators
B) a decrease in birth rates
C) an increase in emigration
D) a decrease in environmental pressures
E) a reproductive time lag between birth and death rates

Question 27

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Some species that tend to reproduce later in life and have a small number of offspring with long life spans ____.

A) have high population growth rates
B) have high environmental resistance
C) have low environmental resistance
D) are unlikely to ever face extinction
E) are vulnerable to extinction

Question 28

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What describes an organism that is too old to reproduce?

A) prereproductive
B) reproductive
C) postreproductive
D) nonreproductive
E) elderly

Question 29

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What is the most common distribution of populations?

A) random
B) uniform
C) clumped
D) circles
E) none of these

Question 30

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What is succession that begins in an area where an ecosystem has been disturbed,removed,or destroyed,and that contains soil or bottom sediment?

A) primary succession
B) secondary succession
C) ecological establishment
D) disturbance succession
E) facilitation

Question 31

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following has caused the population of the southern sea otters to fluctuate?

A) decline in population of orcas
B) parasites from house cats
C) parasites from dolphins
D) high reproductive rates
E) extinction of algal species

Question 32

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Exponential growth followed by a steady decrease in population growth until the population size stabilizes is typical of ____.

A) logistic growth
B) environmental resistance
C) exponential growth
D) carrying capacity
E) biotic potential

Question 33

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Kelp forests are a very important ecosystem in marine waters by supporting important biodiversity.These kelp forests are threatened by all of the following except _____.

A) water pollution containing herbicides
B) sea urchins
C) southern sea otters
D) global warming
E) water pollution containing fertilizers

Question 34

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Emigration is the ____.

A) arrival of individuals into an established population
B) arrival movement of individuals into an uninhabited area
C) departure movement of individuals from a population to another area
D) repeated movement into and out of an area
E) lack of immigration into an area

Question 35

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
When plotting the number of individuals in a population against time,the data yield a J-shaped curve.What does this curve indicate?

A) logistic growth
B) environmental resistance
C) exponential growth
D) carrying capacity
E) biotic potential

Question 36

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What is a population's distribution of individuals among various age groups called?

A) reproductive structure
B) genetic structure
C) age structure
D) reproductive composition
E) age composition

Question 37

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
By 1900,white-tailed deer populations in the U.S.were reduced to about ____,but now,since laws have been passed to protect them and their natural predators have nearly been eliminated,their population is over ____ in the U.S.

A) 500;1 million
B) 5,000;1 million
C) 50,000;5 million
D) 50,000;25 million
E) 100,000;10 million

Question 38

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
A group of interbreeding individuals of the same species in the same geographic region is called a(n)____.

A) community
B) population
C) ecosystem
D) biosphere
E) biome

Question 39

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The maximum population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely is the definition of ____.

A) logistic growth
B) environmental resistance
C) exponential growth
D) carrying capacity
E) biotic potential

Question 40

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What is the number of individuals in a population found within a defined area or volume that can limit the size of some populations?

A) population density
B) population control
C) the range of tolerance
D) the age structure
E) the optimum population level

Question 41

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The southern sea otter is a tool-using mammal.

Question 42

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Late successional plants are largely unaffected by plants at earlier stages of succession because they are not in direct competition for resources,a factor called ____.

A) facilitation
B) imperturbability
C) inhibition
D) tolerance
E) intolerance

Question 43

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
At the population level,parasites are always harmful to the host species.

Question 44

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
If the resilience of a damaged ecosystem is low enough,the degraded area may not be restored by secondary succession.When this happens,the damaged ecosystem has reached ____.

A) stability
B) inertia
C) constancy
D) a tipping point
E) resilience

Question 45

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following exhibits secondary ecological succession?

A) abandoned parking lot
B) newly cooled lava
C) newly constructed reservoir
D) a crumbled concrete building
E) recently flooded land

Question 46

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The capacity to withstand external stress and disturbance is called ____.

A) equilibrium
B) stability
C) balance of nature
D) facilitation
E) inhibition

Question 47

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
What refers to the ability of a living system to be restored after a period of moderate to severe disturbance?

A) stability
B) inertia
C) constancy
D) tipping point
E) resilience

Question 48

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Organisms with clumped distributions are fairly rare.

Question 49

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The carrying capacity of any given area is not fixed.

Question 50

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The situation in which one set of species makes an area suitable for species with different niche requirements and often,less suitable for itself,is called ____.

A) primary succession
B) secondary succession
C) facilitation
D) inhibition
E) tolerance

Question 51

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Large mammals,such as elephants and rhinoceroses,are especially vulnerable to extinction because of their reproductive patterns.

Question 52

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Grasslands have ____ and can burn easily.

A) low facilitation
B) high facilitation
C) low resilience
D) high inertia
E) low inertia

Question 53

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The most common interaction between species is commensalism.

Question 54

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Which of the following exhibits primary succession?

A) a rock exposed by a retreating glacier
B) an abandoned farm
C) a clear-cut forest
D) newly flooded land
E) a recently burned forest

Question 55

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The growth rate of a population increases as its size nears the carrying capacity of its environment.

Question 56

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Most ecologists now recognize that mature,late-successional ecosystems ____.

A) are in a state of continual disturbance and change
B) are in a stable state of equilibrium
C) are in natural balance with their environment
D) have followed an expected path to their stable state as a climax community
E) have inevitably progressed through succession and no longer face competition

Question 57

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
In predator-prey relationships,the predator is seeking food for itself and its offspring,while the prey is seeking not to become food for the predator.As a result,predator and prey populations exert tremendous natural selection pressures on each other.

Question 58

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Animal predators tend to kill the sick,weak,aged,and least fit members of a species because they are the easiest to catch.

Question 59

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The ability of a living system to survive moderate disturbances is called ____.

A) stability
B) inertia
C) constancy
D) tipping point
E) resilience

Question 60

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Humans compete with many other species for space,food,and other resources.

Question 61

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
When two different species interact over a long time,changes in the gene pool help both species to become more competitive or avoid competition.This is called _______________,

Question 62

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
One of the factors determining the rate of succession is _______________,in which one set of species makes an area suitable for other species with different requirements.

Question 63

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The gradual change in species composition in a given area is called ____________________.

Question 64

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Vast armies of ____________________ inhabit the digestive tracts of animals,such as humans,and help break down or digest their food.

Question 65

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Primary and secondary ecological succession tend to increase biodiversity of communities and ecosystems by increasing species richness and interactions among species.

Question 66

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Some prey species make themselves larger or mimic a predator,both of which are called ____________________.

Question 67

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Scientists have changed their view about a stable type of climax community as the end product of succession and are now suggesting we can not predict the course of succession.

Question 68

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
____________________ is the combination of all factors that act to limit the growth of a population.

Question 69

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Grasslands have a high resilience and therefore can recover quickly following a fire.

Question 70

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The southern sea otter has been classified as a(n)____________________ species because in their absence,kelp forests would probably be destroyed.

Question 71

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Humans are exempt from population overshoot and dieback.

Question 72

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
When two or more species compete with one another their niches are said to ____________________.

Question 73

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
The most common form of population dispersion found in nature is ____________________.

Question 74

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
A population exceeding its carrying capacity will suffer a(n)____________________ or ____________________,unless the excess individuals can switch to new resources or move to a new area.

Question 75

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
____________________ is a competitive interaction between species for food,water,light and/or space.

Question 76

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
____________________ occurs when a member of one species feeds directly on all or part of a member of another species.

Question 77

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
In _______________,two species behave in ways that benefit both by providing each with needed resources.

Question 78

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
In communities and ecosystems the types and numbers of species change in response to changing environmental conditions.

Question 79

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
____________________ involves the gradual establishment of biotic communities in lifeless areas where there is no soil.

Question 80

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s).
Bad-tasting,bad-smelling,toxic,or stinging-prey species advertise their characteristics using ____________________.