Deck 38: Skin Cancers and Melanoma

Question 1

17)Bolus may be used with electron therapy to _______________.
I)compensate for missing tissue
II)maximize surface dose
III)reduce underlying tissue dose

A) I, III
B) II, III
C) I, II
D) I, II, III

Answer 1

D
Bolus may be used with electron therapy to fill gaps on uneven surfaces, maximize the surface dose, or reduce the underlying tissue dose.

Question 2

15)Pigmentation following therapeutic doses of radiation is caused by which of the following?

A) Dwelling of capillaries of the dermal layer
B) Shedding of the epidermis
C) Increased production of melanin
D) Destruction of cells at the basal layer

Answer 2

C
Pigmentation is caused by the increased production of melanin by melanocytes, causing the skin to become darker.

Question 3

18)Which layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes?

A) Stratum basale
B) Stratum spinosum
C) Stratum granulosum
D) Stratum corneum

Answer 3

A
The basal layer contains melanocytes, cells with branching processes that produce the pigment melanin.

Question 4

14)In instances where malignant melanoma is treated with radiation, delivering one fraction per day, which of the following is the most effective fraction size?

A) 100 to 150 cGy
B) 150 to 180 cGy
C) 180 to 200 cGy
D) 200 to 400 cGy

Question 5

1)What is the most significant cause of skin cancer?

A) Radiation exposure
B) Sun exposure
C) Arsenic exposure
D) Human papillomavirus

Question 6

5)What is the technique in which the tumor is removed and examined one layer at a time?

A) Curettage and electrodessication
B) Mohs surgery
C) Cryosurgery
D) Laser surgery

Question 7

6)What is the most superficial layer of the skin?

A) Hypodermis
B) Dermis
C) Subdermis
D) Epidermis

Question 8

3)What form of skin cancer has the highest mortality rate?

A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Melanoma
D) Kaposi sarcoma

Question 9

12)Which of the following is the correct order to the layers of the skin from deep to superficial?

A) Stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum lucidum, stratum basale, stratum corneum
B) Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale
C) Stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum corneum, stratum lucidum
D) Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 10

9)Which cancer is commonly associated with HIV?

A) Rhabdomyosarcoma
B) Mycosis fungoides
C) Melanoma
D) Kaposi sarcoma

Question 11

2)What is the most common form of skin cancer?

A) Basal cell carcinoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Melanoma
D) Kaposi sarcoma

Question 12

10)Which of the following factors contributes to the incidence of skin cancer?
I)Geographic location
II)Skin type
III)Previous skin cancers
IV)Gender

A) I and II
B) II and III
C) I, II, and III
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 13

7)What do the ABCDs of melanoma represent?

A) Adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, dermatoma
B) Abrasion, bruise, cut, dimpling
C) Asymmetry, border, color, diameter
D) Appearance, blackness, contour, depth

Question 14

4)What is the most widely used staging system for melanoma?

A) TNM
B) Breslow
C) Clarke
D) ATCG

Question 15

16)The microstaging system for melanomas that categorizes melanomas based on their level of invasion through the epidermis and layers of the dermis is called __________.

A) Clark's
B) Breslow's
C) Mohs
D) Gleason's

Question 16

8)What primary skin cancer (other than malignant melanoma)is aggressive and has a tendency to spread through the lymphatics and bloodstream?

A) Adenocarcinoma
B) Basal cell
C) Squamous cell
D) Merkel cell

Question 17

13)When radiation is used to treat a nonmelanoma skin cancer, which of the following treatment techniques offers the best cosmetic effect?

A) Parallel-opposed high-energy photons
B) Single field low-energy photon
C) Single field low-energy electron
D) Interstitial brachytherapy

Question 18

11)What is the medical term for a mole?

A) Actinic keratosis
B) Nevus
C) Telangiectasia
D) Xeroderma pigmentosum

Question 19

19)Which layer of the epidermis forms the skin surface and contains 25 to 30 rows of flat, dead, squamous cells?

A) Stratum basale
B) Stratum spinosum
C) Stratum granulosum
D) Stratum corneum