Deck 3: Principles of Pathology

Question 1

9)Characteristics of malignant tumors include all except which of the following?

A) They have rapid growth.
B) They are encapsulated.
C) They metastasize frequently.
D) There is frequent vessel invasion.

Answer 1

B
Benign tumors are usually encapsulated; malignant tumors are not.

Question 2

11)Inflammation is characterized by which of the following?
I)Redness
II)Warmth
III)Swelling
IV)Pain

A) I and II
B) I and III
C) II, III, and IV
D) I, II, III, and IV

Answer 2

D
All of these are characteristics of inflammation.

Question 3

7)When was the microscope introduced?

A) Sixteenth century
B) Seventeenth century
C) Eighteenth century
D) None of the above

Answer 3

B
The microscope was introduced in the early seventeenth century.

Question 4

8)All except which of the following are organelles?

A) Mitochondria
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Ribosomes
D) Plasma membrane

Question 5

12)Cancers are broadly divided in terms of the malignant neoplastic process as which of the following?

A) Carcinomas and sarcomas
B) Carcinomas and myomas
C) Hyperplasia and metaplasia
D) Sarcomas and pleomorphic forms

Question 6

13)Which of the following is a malignant tumor of fat?

A) Chondrosarcoma
B) Ewing's tumor
C) Seminoma
D) Liposarcoma

Question 7

6)Which of the following would likely be a stage I tumor?

A) T1 N0 M0
B) T2 N1 M0
C) T3 N2 M0
D) T3 N1 M1

Question 8

14)Which of the following is a malignant tumor of epithelial origin?

A) Rhabdomyosarcoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Osteoma
D) Malignant angiosarcoma

Question 9

19)Hodgkin's disease is a neoplasm that typically involves the _________.

A) brain
B) lung
C) lymph nodes
D) liver

Question 10

1)The three most common procedures used to make a diagnosis of cancer are all except which of the following?

A) Incisional
B) Excisional
C) Sputum cytology
D) Needle aspiration

Question 11

17)Etiology is defined as the study of which of the following?

A) Understanding of disease
B) Socioeconomic facts of disease
C) Cause of disease
D) Stratification of disease

Question 12

15)Which of the following is the most invasive procedure used to make a diagnosis of cancer?

A) Recovery of exfoliating cells
B) Fine needle aspiration of malignant cells
C) Open biopsy of the tumor
D) Retinoscopy

Question 13

10)Agents causing inflammation include which of the following?
I)Hypoxia
II)Chemicals
III)Ionizing radiation
IV)Allergic reactions

A) I and II
B) I, II, and III
C) II, III, and N
D) I, II, III, and IV

Question 14

18)Irreversible changes in a cell are indicated by all except which of the following?

A) Cellular swelling
B) Nucleus appears fragmented
C) Nucleus is enzymatically destroyed
D) Upon staining, cell appears as a series of color alterations
E) None of the above

Question 15

20)The cancer of chimney sweeps identified by Percival Pott in mid-eighteenth-century England was related to which of the following chemicals?

A) Hydrocarbons
B) Asbestos
C) Arsenic
D) Nitrosamines

Question 16

3)What is the main difference between benign and malignant neoplasms?

A) Benign neoplasms grow by expansion and remain localized; malignant neoplasms grow by infiltration and metastasize by lymph or blood.
B) Benign neoplasms grow by infiltration and metastasize by expansion and remain localized.
C) Benign neoplasms usually are not encapsulated, compared to malignant neoplasms, which are encapsulated.

Question 17

2)The purpose of the staging system for cancer is which of the following?

A) To evaluate the degree of differentiation of tumor
B) To estimate the prognosis of the patient
C) To evaluate the degrees of malignancy
D) To estimate the geographical extent of disease

Question 18

16)A(n)______________ is a term used to describe a gene that accelerates growth.

A) oncogene
B) tumor-suppressor gene
C) nucleoside
D) nucleotide

Question 19

5)Which of the following is not a characteristic of a malignant tumor?

A) Grows by local invasion
B) Can be life threatening
C) Grows rapidly
D) Malignant cells are encapsulated with fibrous tissue

Question 20

4)Which of the following is not a specific criterion used in the "T" category to determine the "T" stage?

A) Firmness
B) Depth of invasion
C) Size
D) Surface spread

Question 21

25)Cellular swelling is the hallmark of reversible damage and occurs as the damaged cellular membrane fails to properly regulate the concentration of ___________.

A) sodium
B) water
C) hydrogen
D) oxygen

Question 22

23)Which of the following describes the accidental leakage of intravenous drugs into the surrounding tissues?

A) Permeation
B) Metastasis
C) Extravasation
D) Hypoxia

Question 23

24)Homeostasis refers to a constant or stable ____________.

A) internal environment
B) external environment
C) temperature and pressure
D) nutritional supply

Question 24

22)Which of the following describes the cell membrane?

A) Contains genetic DNA
B) Contains organelles
C) Is a permeable structure
D) Is the powerhouse of the cell

Question 25

21)Which of the following is an example of a characteristic of benign tumors?

A) Rapid growth rate
B) Frequent vessel invasion
C) Increased nuclear chromatin
D) Expansive local growth