Deck 14: Outcomes Research

Question 1

The National Quality Forum was established in 1999 for which purpose?

A) To identify and develop nursing-sensitive quality measures
B) To support state and health system efforts to implement and evaluate medical liability reform models
C) To allow the AHRQ to expand its work supporting comparative effectiveness research
D) To set standards for health care performance measures

Answer 1

To set standards for health care performance measures

Question 2

Which is an example of a type of nursing service that might be evaluated in outcomes research?

A) Application of wound care products
B) Clinical care protocol implementation
C) Glucose monitoring for newly diagnosed diabetics
D) Using a Braden Scale for skin assessment

Answer 2

Clinical care protocol implementation

Question 3

Which is an important finding in outcomes research about Advanced Practice Nursing (APN)practice?

A) APNs provide care that is equivalent to that provided by doctors at a fraction of the cost.
B) Care by APNs shows equivalent or improved outcomes to that provided by physicians.
C) Hospital readmission rates are slightly higher for patients who use APNs for primary care.
D) The level of patient satisfaction is greater with APNs regardless of clinical outcomes.

Answer 3

Care by APNs shows equivalent or improved outcomes to that provided by physicians.

Question 4

In outcomes research,a Magnet-designated hospital is an example of which type of variable?

A) Dependent
B) Intervention
C) Outcome
D) Structural

Question 5

The goal of outcomes research is to:

A) determine the most cost-effective nursing interventions in patient care.
B) examine the end results of patient care from various health interventions.
C) help providers make end-of-life decisions about patient care.
D) improve patient satisfaction with nursing care.

Question 6

Which is an example of a distal outcome in outcomes research?

A) Glucose monitoring skills in patients receiving diabetic teaching
B) Hospital readmission rates in patients admitted for myocardial infarction
C) Pain scores before and after pain medication
D) Patient perception of tobacco advertising among COPD patients

Question 7

A researcher identifies a group of Native American subjects who are at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and follows this group over time to observe actual rates of acquiring this disease.This is an example of a:

A) clinical database.
B) prospective cohort study.
C) qualitative study.
D) quasi-experimental study.

Question 8

Which is one of the indicators used by the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI)?

A) Assessment, intervention, and reassessment of pediatric pain
B) Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA) standards
C) Protocols for monitoring biometric equipment used in hospitals
D) The number of hours hospital residents work per week

Question 9

What is the key construct in Donabedian's theory of outcomes research?

A) Efficiency of health care delivery
B) Healthy outcomes
C) Professional accountability
D) Quality of care

Question 10

Which would be an example of an interdependent role for nurses in the Nursing Role and Effectiveness Model?

A) Administering a medication to a patient
B) Arranging for home health care services
C) Initiating a fall risk protocol
D) Performing an admission assessment

Question 11

Which government agency supports research to improve the outcomes and quality of health care?

A) AHRQ
B) ARRA
C) CIHI
D) FDA

Question 12

A nurse uses a care map to guide nursing interventions for patients with COPD.This is an example of using:

A) evidence-based practice.
B) practice patterns.
C) practice styles.
D) standards of care.

Question 13

Which organization includes nursing-sensitive outcomes measures in its performance measurement portfolio?

A) Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality
B) Department of Health and Human Services
C) National Guideline Clearinghouse
D) National Quality Forum

Question 14

What type of sample is generally used in outcomes studies?

A) Small sample
B) Heterogeneous sample
C) Homogeneous sample
D) Volunteer sample

Question 15

The development of the Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set and the Universal Minimum Health Data Set was helped by:

A) establishing guidelines for outcomes research.
B) identifying the contribution of nursing care to patient outcomes.
C) prescribing data elements to be monitored in outcomes research.
D) reporting financial and statistical data from hospitals.

Question 16

To help meet the requirements for Magnet recognition,which organization will a hospital participate in?

A) The American Nurses Association (ANA)
B) The Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
C) The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI)
D) The National Quality Forum (NQF)

Question 17

What is the role of evidence-based practice in outcomes research?

A) Evidence-based practice identifies practice standards that can be evaluated using patient outcomes.
B) Evidence-based practice defines practice styles and patterns used in professional practice.
C) The standards used in evidence-based practice clearly identify desired patient outcomes.
D) There is a clear link between evidence-based practice and improved patient outcomes.

Question 18

In an outcome study,a researcher demonstrates a link between the number of mothers who successfully breastfeed their infants and the number of maternal-child nurses who are baccalaureate prepared.This illustrates:

A) interdependent nursing role functions.
B) nursing-sensitive patient outcomes.
C) patient-sensitive outcomes.
D) the Nursing Role Effectiveness Model.

Question 19

What is an important aspect of outcomes research as defined by Donabedian?

A) Selection of only proximal outcomes in order to streamline outcomes research
B) The need for patients or recipients of care to define which outcomes are desirable
C) The need to link outcomes with specific nursing processes
D) The use of population groups rather than individuals for outcome studies

Question 20

Which type of study design is commonly used in outcomes studies?

A) Phenomenological
B) Qualitative
C) Quasi-experimental
D) Random-control trial

Question 21

A researcher wishes to widely disseminate findings of outcomes research in order to influence practice in a variety of settings.Which methods might this researcher use?

A) A series of presentations and publications in professional and public forums
B) An oral presentation at an international conference
C) Publication in scholarly, peer-reviewed journals
D) Writing about this research in a chapter of a nursing textbook

Question 22

A nurse identifies an unusual incidence of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)in school-age children in a nearby community and conducts a study to examine exposure to a variety of water pollutants from a local industry.This is an example of a:

A) phenomenological study.
B) qualitative study.
C) prospective cohort study.
D) retrospective cohort study.