Deck 1: Covalent Bonding and Shapes of Molecules

Question 1

Which of the following species has an atom that has an unfilled valence shell of electrons?

A) molecular bromine, Br₂
B) fluoride anion, F^-
C) ammonia, NH₃
D) aluminum trichloride, AlCl₃

Answer 1

aluminum trichloride, AlCl₃

Question 2

How many electrons can the shell with a principal quantum number of 2 hold?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8

Answer 2

8

Question 3

Which of the following compounds is an alcohol?

A) CH₃CH₂COOH
B) CH₃CH₂OCH₃
C) CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
D) CH₃CH₂CHO

Answer 3

CH₃CH₂CH₂OH

Question 4

How many electrons can the shell with a principal quantum number of 1 hold?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8

Question 5

Which of the following species possesses a formal charge?

A) CCl₄
B) SiCl₄
C) AlCl₄
D) PCl₃

Question 6

Which of the following is trigonal planar?

A) boron trifluoride, BF₃
B) methyl anion, CH₃^-
C) methane, CH₄
D) ammonia, NH₃

Question 7

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a fluorine atom (fluorine: atomic number 9)?

A) 1s¹2s¹2p⁷
B) 1s²2s²2p⁵
C) 1s²2s²2p⁶
D) 1s⁰2s²2p⁷

Question 8

Which of the following is a tertiary alcohol?

A) CH₃CH₂OCH₃
B) (CH₃)₃COH
C) (CH₃)₂CHOH
D) CH₃CH₂CH₂OH

Question 9

Which of the following compounds is an aldehyde?

A) CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH
B) CH₃CH₂CHO
C) CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
D) CH₃CH₂COCH₃

Question 10

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a sodium cation (sodium: atomic number 11)?

A) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹
B) 1s²2s²2p⁵3s¹
C) 1s²2s²2p⁶
D) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²

Question 11

Which of the following compounds is a carboxylic acid?

A) CH₃CH₂COOH
B) CH₃CH₂OCH₃
C) CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
D) CH₃CH₂CHO

Question 12

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a nitrogen atom (nitrogen: atomic number 7)?

A) 1s²2s¹2p⁴
B) 1s²2s²2p³
C) 1s¹2s¹2p⁵
D) 1s²2s²2p²

Question 13

Which of the following compounds is a carboxylic ester?

A) CH₃CH₂COOH
B) CH₃CH₂OCH₃
C) CH₃CH₂COOCH₃
D) CH₃CH₂COCH₃

Question 14

What is the ground-state electronic configuration of a fluoride anion (fluorine: atomic number 9)?

A) 1s²2s²2p²
B) 1s²2s²2p⁵
C) 1s²2s²2p⁶
D) 1s²2s²2p⁷

Question 15

Which of the following species has an atom that has an unfilled valence shell of electrons?

A) molecular hydrogen, H₂
B) hydroxide anion, HO^-
C) boron trifluoride, BF₃
D) water, H₂O

Question 16

Which of the following is a tertiary amine?

A) CH₃CH₂N(CH₃)₂
B) (CH₃)₃CNH₂
C) CH₃CH₂NHCH₃
D) CH₃CH₂NHCH(CH₃)₂

Question 17

Which of the following is a primary amine?

A) CH₃CH₂NHCH₃
B) CH₃CH₂NHCH(CH₃)₂
C) CH₃CH₂N(CH₃)₂
D) (CH₃)₃CNH₂

Question 18

Which of the following species possesses a formal charge?

A) BH₃
B) BH₄
C) CCl₄
D) H₂S

Question 19

Which of the following compounds is a ketone?

A) CH₃CH₂COOH
B) CH₃CH₂CHO
C) CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
D) CH₃COCH₃

Question 20

Which of the following compounds is a ketone?

A) CH₃CH₂COOH
B) CH₃CH₂CHO
C) CH₃CH₂CH₂OH
D) CH₃COCH₃

Question 21

Which of the following is a polar covalent bond?

A) Na-F
B) C-H
C) C-O
D) Cl-Cl

Question 22

Which of the following molecules has a molecular dipole?

A) H₂O
B) CO₂
C) HCºCH
D) Cl₂

Question 23

Which of the following molecules is not linear?

A) H₂O
B) CO₂
C) HCºCH
D) Cl₂

Question 24

Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?

A) N
B) C
C) O
D) S

Question 25

Which of the following best represents the shape of the 2s atomic orbital of carbon?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 26

Which of the following molecules has a molecular dipole?

A) CO₂
B) BF₃
C) NH₃
D) CH₄

Question 27

Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?

A) C
B) P
C) Si
D) Cl

Question 28

Which of the following molecules has a molecular dipole?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 29

Which of the following molecules has a molecular dipole?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 30

Which of the following bonds is the most polar?

A) F-F
B) H-F
C) C-H
D) C-Si

Question 31

Which of the following bonds has the smallest dipole moment?

A) Li-Cl
B) C-H
C) O-H
D) H-Cl

Question 32

What is the approximate C-C-C bond angle in propyne, HCºCCH₃?

A) 90 $\degree$
B) 109 $\degree$
C) 120 $\degree$
D) 180 $\degree$

Question 33

Which of the following bonds is the most polar?

A) O-H
B) C-H
C) C-C
D) H-H

Question 34

Which of the following bonds has the smallest dipole moment?

A) C-N
B) C-O
C) C-F
D) O-H

Question 35

What is the approximate value of the H-C-H bond angles in methane, CH₄?

A) 90 $\degree$
B) 109 $\degree$
C) 120 $\degree$
D) 180 $\degree$

Question 36

What is the approximate H-C-O bond angle in formaldehyde, H₂C=O?

A) 90 $\degree$
B) 109 $\degree$
C) 120 $\degree$
D) 180 $\degree$

Question 37

What is the approximate C-C-C bond angle in propene, CH₃CH=CH₂?

A) 90 $\degree$
B) 109 $\degree$
C) 120 $\degree$
D) 180 $\degree$

Question 38

Which of the following is an ionic bond?

A) Br-Br
B) C-Cl
C) C-S
D) Na-O

Question 39

Which of the following is an ionic bond?

A) F-F
B) C-H
C) Li-O
D) C-N

Question 40

Which of the following is a polar covalent bond?

A) Na-Cl
B) C-Cl
C) C-H
D) Cl-Cl

Question 41

What is the approximate value of the length of the CºC bond in ethyne, HCºCH?

A) 121 pm
B) 134 pm
C) 142 pm
D) 154 pm

Question 42

Which of the following statements is not true regarding resonance structures?

A) Each resonance structure is in rapid equilibrium with all of the other structures
B) The resonance structures may have different energies
C) All resonance structures must have the same arrangement of atoms
D) All resonance structures must have the same number of electrons

Question 43

What is the approximate value of the H-C-H bond angles in a methyl anion, CH₃^-?

A) 90 $\degree$
B) 109 $\degree$
C) 120 $\degree$
D) 180 $\degree$

Question 44

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the carbon-hydrogen s bonding molecular orbitals of ethane, CH₃CH₃?

A) C2p + H1s
B) C2sp + H1s
C) C2sp² + H1s
D) C2sp³ + H1s

Question 45

What is the approximate value of the H-C-H bond angles in a methyl cation, CH₃⁺?

A) 90 $\degree$
B) 109 $\degree$
C) 120 $\degree$
D) 180 $\degree$

Question 46

Which of the following resonance structures is the least important contributor to the resonance hybrid of the acetate anion, CH₃COO^-?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 47

How many electrons are there in the valence shell of the carbon atom of a methyl cation, CH₃⁺?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7

Question 48

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the C=O bond of acetone, (CH₃)₂C=O?

A) C 2sp³ + O 2sp²
B) C 2sp² + O 2p
C) C 2sp² + O 2sp²
D) C 2sp³ + O 2sp

Question 49

Which of the following best represents an sp² hybridized atomic orbital of carbon which overlaps with the 1s atomic orbital of hydrogen to form a C-H s bonding molecular orbital in ethene, H₂C=CH₂

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 50

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the C-O bond of dimethyl ether, (CH₃)₂O?

A) C 2sp³ + O 2sp²
B) C 2sp² + O 2p
C) C 2sp² + O 2sp²
D) C 2sp³ + O 2sp³

Question 51

Which of the following statements is not true about the carbonate anion, CO₃^2-?

A) All of the oxygen atoms bear the same amount of charge
B) All of the carbon-oxygen bonds are the same length
C) The carbon atom bears the negative charge
D) It is basic

Question 52

Rank the following in order of decreasing importance as a contributing resonance structure to the molecular structure of acetone, CH₃COCH₃ (more important > less important)

A) 1 > 2 > 3
B) 1 > 3 > 2
C) 2 > 1 > 3
D) 3 > 1 > 2

Question 53

Which of the following statements is not true regarding resonance structures?

A) All resonance structures must have the same number of electrons
B) Each atom in all of the resonance structures must have a complete shell of valence electrons
C) All resonance structures must have the same arrangement of atoms
D) All resonance structures must be valid Lewis structures

Question 54

How many electrons are there in the valence shell of the oxygen atom of water?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 55

How many electrons are there in the valence shell of the nitrogen atom of ammonia?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 8

Question 56

How many electrons are there in the valence shell of the carbon atom of the methyl anion, CH₃^-?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Question 57

What is the approximate value of the length of the C=C bond in ethane, CH₂=CH₂?

A) 121 pm
B) 134 pm
C) 142 pm
D) 154 pm

Question 58

Which of the following statements is not true about the acetate anion, CH₃CO₂^-?

A) The oxygen atoms bear the same amount of charge
B) The two carbon-oxygen bonds are the same length
C) The carbon atom bears the negative charge
D) It is basic

Question 59

Which of the following best represents an sp³ hybridized atomic orbital containing the lone pair of electrons of ammonia, NH₃?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 60

Which of the following best represents the shape of a 2p atomic orbital of carbon?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 61

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the carbon-hydrogen s bonding molecular orbitals of ethene, H₂C=CH₂?

A) C2p + H1s
B) C2sp + H1s
C) C2sp² + H1s
D) C2sp³ + H1s

Question 62

Which of the circled bonds is the strongest?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 63

Which of the following shows curved arrows that correctly accounts for the differences between the two structures?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 64

Which of the following is a tertiary (3 $\degree$ ) alcohol?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 65

Draw bond-line structures of all of the alkanes that have the formula C₅H₁₂.

Question 66

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the carbon-carbon s and p bonding molecular orbitals of ethene, H₂C=CH₂?

A) C2sp³ + C2sp³, and C2p + C2p
B) C2sp² + C2sp², and C2sp² + C2sp²
C) C2sp² + C2sp², and C2p + C2p
D) C2sp³ + C2sp³, and C2sp² + C2sp²

Question 67

Which of the following resonance structures makes the largest contribution to the structure of [H₂CCHO] ^-?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 68

Which of the following is a primary (1 $\degree$ ) alcohol?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 69

Provide a neatly drawn figure to show the atomic orbitals that overlap to form each of the bonds in ethyne (acetylene, HCºCH). Label each bond (e.g., C-H s bond) and indicate which atomic orbitals contribute to this bond (e.g., C 2sp³ + H 1s).

Question 70

Provide a neatly drawn figure to show the atomic orbitals that overlap to form each of the bonds in ammonia (NH₃) and which contain the lone pair of electons. Label each orbital with its hybridization.

Question 71

Provide a neatly drawn figure to show the atomic orbitals that overlap to form each of the bonds in water (H₂O) and which contain the lone pair of electrons. Label each orbital with its hybridization.

Question 72

Which of the following statements is not true?

A) The sp³C-H bond of an alkane is weaker than the spC-H bond of an alkyne.
B) The carbon-carbon triple bond of an alkyne is shorter than the carbon-carbon bond of alkenes.
C) The carbon-carbon triple bond of an alkene is exactly three times as strong as a carbon-carbon single bond of an alkane.
D) The sp³C-H bond of an alkane is longer than the spC-H bond of an alkyne.

Question 73

Which of the following is/are tetrahedral?

A) only 1 and 2
B) only 1 and 3
C) only 1 and 4
D) only 2 and 3

Question 74

What is the approximate strength of the C-C bond of ethane?

A) 376 kJ/mol (90 kcal./mol)
B) 422 kJ/mol (101 kcal./mol)
C) 556 kJ/mol (133 kcal./mol)
D) 727 kJ/mol (174 kcal./mol)

Question 75

Which of the following is a primary (1 $\degree$ ) amine?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 76

Which of the following is an ester?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 77

Which of the following is a secondary (2 $\degree$ ) amine?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 78

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the carbon-carbon s molecular bonding orbital of ethyne, HCºCH?

A) C2p + C2p
B) C2sp + C2sp
C) C2sp² + C2sp²
D) C2sp³ + C2sp³

Question 79

Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the carbon-hydrogen s bonding molecular orbitals of ethyne, HCºCH?

A) C2p + H1s
B) C2sp + H1s
C) C2sp² + H1s
D) C2sp³ + H1s

Question 80

Provide a neatly drawn figure to show the atomic orbitals that overlap to form each of the bonds in ethene (ethylene, H₂C=CH₂). Label each bond (e.g., C-H s bond) and indicate which atomic orbitals contribute to this bond (e.g., C 2sp³ + H 1s).