Deck 5: Algorithms

Question 1

Which of the following is not a type of statement found in a typical high-level imperative programming language?

A) Imperative statement
B) Exclamatory statement
C) Declarative statement
D) Comment statement

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is not associated with object-oriented programming?

A) Inheritance
B) Resolution
C) Encapsulation
D) Polymorphism

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is not a control statement?

A) If-then-else statement
B) While loop statement
C) Assignment statement
D) For loop statement

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is not a possible value of the expression 4 + 6 /2 - 1

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 10

Question 5

Which of the following is not constructed by a typical compiler?

A) Source code
B) Symbol table
C) Parse tree
D) Object program

Question 6

Which of the following is not a control statement?

A) If-then-else statement
B) While loop statement
C) Assignment statement
D) For loop statement

Question 7

Which of the following is not associated with the concept of data type?

A) Coercion
B) Boolean
C) Operator precedence
D) Strongly typed language

Question 8

Which of the following is ignored by a compiler?

A) Control statements
B) Declarations of constants
C) Procedure headers
D) Comment statements

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a language that is based on the functional paradigm?

A) LISP
B) PROLOG
C) C
D) C++

Question 10

Most machine languages are based on the

A) Imperative paradigm
B) Declarative paradigm
C) Functional paradigm
D) Object-oriented paradigm

Question 11

Which of the following statements is not a resolvent of the following clauses?

Question 12

Positions within arrays are identified by means of numbers called

A) Indices
B) Parameters
C) Instance variables
D) Constants

Question 13

Which of the following is a means of nullifying conflicts among data types?

A) Inheritance
B) Parsing
C) Coercion
D) Code optimization

Question 14

Which of the following is a means of defining similar yet different classes in an object-oriented program?

A) Inheritance
B) Parsing
C) Coercion
D) Code optimization

Question 15

Which of the following is the scope of a variable?

A) The number of characters in the variable's name
B) The portion of the program in which the variable can be accessed
C) The type associated with the variable
D) The structure associated with the variable

Question 16

Which of the following is not a parse tree of an expression based on the following grammar?

A)
B)
C)

Question 17

Which of the following does not require a Boolean structure?

A) If-then-else statement
B) While loop statement
C) Assignment statement
D) For loop statement

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a language that is based on the object-oriented paradigm?

A) LISP
B) PROLOG
C) C
D) C++

Question 19

Which of the following is not a step in the process of translating a program?

A) Executing the program
B) Parsing the program
C) Lexical analysis
D) Code generation

Question 20

Which of the following is not a way of referring to a value in a program?

A) Variable
B) Literal
C) Constant
D) Type

Question 21

Explain the distinction between the imperative and declarative programming paradigms.

Question 22

In the context of the object-oriented paradigm, ____________ are templates from which
____________ are constructed. We say that the latter is an instance of the former.

Question 23

Explain why the generation approach to classifying programming languages fails to capture the full scope of today's languages.

Question 24

What general rule should be added to the Prolog program below so that Prolog can conclude that ice cream is better than spinach?
better(icecream, peanutbutter).
better(peanutbutter, spinach).
___________________________________________________________

Question 25

What does it mean to say that a programming language is machine independent?

Question 26

List four data types that occur as primitive types in many high-level programming languages.
____________________ ____________________
____________________ ____________________

Question 27

Based on the Prolog program below, what goal should be used to find the siblings of sue? _________________________________________

Question 28

To say that a grammar is ambiguous means that ___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ .

Question 29

List two disadvantages of both machine languages and assembly languages that are overcome by high-level programming languages.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________

Question 30

Rewrite the following instructions using a single if-then-else statement.

Question 31

Which of the following can Prolog conclude from the following program? parent(jill, sue).
Parent(jill, sally).
Parent(john, sue).
Parent(john, sally).
Sibling(X, Y) :- parent(Z, X), parent(Z, Y).

A) parent(jill, john)
B) sister(sue, sally)
C) sibling(sue, sally)
D) sibling(jill, sue)

Question 32

A data structure in which all elements have the same type is called ___________________, whereas a ________________ may have elements of different types.

Question 33

What clause would produce the resolvent
P OR R OR S
when resolved with the clause
P OR $\rightharpoondown$ Q
__________________

Question 34

In addition to the procedure's name, what other information is contained in a typical procedure header?
____________________________________

Question 35

Based on the sketch of a class definition below, which methods can be invoked from outside an instance of the class? _________________________________________________________

Question 36

Why is the straightforward "goto" statement no longer popular in high-level programming languages?

Question 37

In contrast to _______________ languages such as English and Spanish, programming languages are
considered _______________ languages and are rigorously defined by their grammars.

Question 38

In the context of the object-oriented paradigm, a __________________ is an imperative program unit that describes how an object should react to a particular stimulus.

Question 39

Explain the distinction between translating a program (in a high-level language) and interpreting the program.

Question 40

Explain the distinction between a formal parameter and an actual parameter.

Question 41

Explain the distinction between a procedure and a function.

Question 42

Based on the grammar below, draw a parse tree showing that the string "drip drip drip" is a Leak.

Question 43

Explain why key words in a programming language are often reserved words.

Question 44

Show that the grammar below is ambiguous by drawing two distinct parse trees for the string "drip drip drip."

Question 45

Explain the distinction between global and local variables.

Question 46

In the context of the object-oriented paradigm, what is a constructor?