Deck 9: Jacksonian America

Question 1

The "spoils system" refers to

A) making illegal payoffs to political supporters.
B) giving away land taken from Indians to white settlers.
C) the destruction of land by overly aggressive settlement.
D) giving out jobs as political rewards.
E) parceling out federal land to the highest bidder.

Answer 1

giving out jobs as political rewards.

Question 2

Today,the oldest political party in the United States is the

A) Green Party.
B) Socialist Party.
C) Libertarian Party.
D) Republican Party.
E) Democratic Party.

Answer 2

Democratic Party.

Question 3

The Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate of 1830 was begun by a political dispute over

A) the value of the two-party system.
B) the sale of public land.
C) slavery.
D) trade with England.
E) relations with Indian tribes.

Answer 3

the sale of public land.

Question 4

In his doctrine of nullification,JohnC.Calhoun argued that

A) states were the final authority on the constitutionality of federal laws.
B) all laws related to a state's economic development should come from that state.
C) states, not Congress, should ratify amendments to the Constitution.
D) there should not be a federal court system.
E) a state could not impose tariffs and levies on goods made in a neighboring state.

Question 5

Which statement regarding the American electorate during the 1820s is true?

A) The right to vote was expanded to include many more white males.
B) The right to vote was restricted to property owners.
C) Married white women had the right to vote but could not hold elected office.
D) Changes in voting rights first occurred in New England states and then spread west.
E) Older states began to expand their property ownership requirements.

Question 6

When JohnC.Calhoun put forth his doctrine of nullification,he was

A) a congressman.
B) a senator.
C) secretary of state.
D) vice president.
E) governor of South Carolina.

Question 7

In 1840,efforts to expand voting rights in Rhode Island resulted in

A) new laws that actually further restricted voting rights.
B) federal troops occupying the state capital for two years.
C) an effort within the state to secede from the Union.
D) two governments claiming control of the state.
E) female and black male suffrage for a brief period of time.

Question 8

In the years after the War of 1812,support for the idea of political parties was greatest in

A) Virginia.
B) New Jersey.
C) New York.
D) Rhode Island.
E) Pennsylvania.

Question 9

By the 1830s,political parties were generally regarded as

A) being in the control of special interest factions.
B) unnecessary to the political process.
C) a dangerous threat to the democratic process.
D) a desired and essential part of the democratic process.
E) an aberration.

Question 10

By 1828,in all but one state,presidential electors were chosen by

A) state legislatures.
B) popular vote.
C) lottery.
D) Congress.
E) state governors.

Question 11

According to Andrew Jackson's theory of democracy,

A) there should be one national political party.
B) all white male citizens should be treated equally.
C) all white Americans should eventually be given the vote.
D) slavery should not extend into the West.
E) the South and West deserved special privileges as growing areas.

Question 12

In 1832,supporters of President Jackson held a national convention in order to

A) force the opposition to make their case in public.
B) bring more public attention to their candidate.
C) have greater control of the nominating process.
D) shore up Jackson's shaky support among voters in the Northeast.
E) renominate him for the presidency.

Question 13

The political significance of Peggy Eaton on Andrew Jackson's administration was that

A) the presidential aspirations of JohnC. Calhoun were likely ended.
B) John Eaton's ties with the administration were strengthened.
C) Martin Van Buren had a political falling-out with President Jackson.
D) the political strength of President Jackson was weakened.
E) it encouraged Jackson to liberalize the nation's divorce and coverture laws.

Question 14

In the 1820s,JohnC.Calhoun proposed his doctrine of nullification

A) to reduce the political power of Andrew Jackson.
B) as an alternative to possible secession.
C) as a means to end the national bank.
D) to support trade tariffs.
E) to counter the growing influence of abolitionism in the North.

Question 15

In the years after the War of 1812,the "Bucktail" philosophy that favored political parties argued that

A) the parties would provide the training ground for candidates.
B) a permanent political opposition made parties sensitive to the people's will.
C) the present system of government had little effective organization.
D) inexperienced political candidates would be less likely to gain office.
E) parties could create a broader form of consensus than individual leaders.

Question 16

As president,Andrew Jackson believed the power of the federal government

A) should be reduced.
B) should be expanded.
C) was supreme over individual states.
D) should be expanded and was supreme over individual states.
E) should be reduced, and yet was supreme over individual states.

Question 17

Who of the following saw his close ties and great influence with President Jackson grow stronger as a result of the Peggy Eaton affair?

A) DeWitt Clinton
B) Martin Van Buren
C) Isaac Hill
D) Francis Blair
E) JohnC. Calhoun

Question 18

The lawyer and activist who led the campaign to expand voting rights in Rhode Island was

A) Amos Kendall.
B) Joseph Story.
C) Daniel Webster.
D) Roger Taney.
E) Thomas Dorr.

Question 19

President Andrew Jackson sought to apply his democratic principles by first targeting

A) the wealthy New England aristocracy.
B) the southern planter class.
C) federal officeholders.
D) his Whig opponents.
E) the Five Civilized Tribes.

Question 20

JohnC.Calhoun drew his doctrine of nullification ideas from the

A) Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.
B) United States Constitution.
C) Missouri Compromise.
D) ideas of Madison and Jefferson, and the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution.
E) United States Constitution and the Missouri Compromise.

Question 21

Of the "Five Civilized Tribes," the tribe that best resisted the pressures of removal was the

A) Creek.
B) Choctaw.
C) Seminole.
D) Chickasaw.
E) Cherokee.

Question 22

In 1830,what political figure said,"The Union,next to our liberty most dear"?

A) Andrew Jackson
B) Robert Hayne
C) JohnC. Calhoun
D) Daniel Webster
E) Henry Clay

Question 23

In 1830,what political figure said,"Our Federal Union-It must be preserved"?

A) Andrew Jackson
B) Robert Hayne
C) JohnC. Calhoun
D) Daniel Webster
E) Henry Clay

Question 24

The Black Hawk War

A) constituted a major, although temporary, Indian victory.
B) occurred in New England and upstate New York.
C) was notable for vicious behavior by the American military.
D) was sparked by the kidnapping of the leader of the Fox Indians.
E) resulted in the removal of the Five Civilized Tribes to the West.

Question 25

Although the Supreme Court found in favor of the Cherokee tribes in Cherokee Nation v.Georgia and Worcester v.Georgia,President Jackson decided

A) that Georgia could remove the Cherokee tribes if it served the "public good."
B) the Cherokee had no right to file a legal claim in U.S. courts.
C) the entire process of Indian removal was unconstitutional.
D) that the Cherokee tribes could only be removed if they were properly compensated.
E) the Court could not enforce the order.

Question 26

The "Trail of Tears" traveled by the Cherokees led them to the area that later became

A) Texas.
B) Oklahoma.
C) Missouri.
D) New Mexico.
E) Nevada.

Question 27

The policy most favored by white westerners during the early 1800s was to

A) spread the Christian faith among the tribes.
B) protect Indians from attacks by white settlers.
C) assimilate Indian tribes into white society.
D) acquire the land occupied by Indian tribes and move the Indians west.
E) preserve disappearing Indian traditions and culture.

Question 28

In an attempt to end the nullification crisis,President Andrew Jackson in 1833

A) authorized the use of military force to see the acts of Congress were obeyed.
B) raised the "tariff of abominations."
C) threatened to arrest supporters of nullification.
D) agreed to give a larger share of federal authority to the states.
E) acceded to JohnC. Calhoun's demands.

Question 29

In the debate over the Bank of the United States,President Andrew Jackson agreed with

A) the "soft-money" advocates.
B) the "hard-money" advocates.
C) Henry Clay.
D) both "soft-money" and "hard-money" advocates.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 30

Which of the following statements regarding the Bank of the United States is FALSE?

A) The charter of the Bank was due to expire in 1836.
B) Nicholas Biddle had the support of Daniel Webster and Henry Clay.
C) The controversy over the Bank became the leading issue in the 1832 election.
D) President Jackson ordered the Bank closed before the expiration of its charter.
E) President Jackson went through several secretaries of the treasury before finding one who would help him weaken the bank.

Question 31

The Supreme Court ruling in Charles River Bridge v.Warren Bridge (1837)

A) outraged supporters of Andrew Jackson.
B) was a victory for federal authority.
C) continued the constitutional interpretation set forth by John Marshall.
D) affirmed the inviolability of contracts.
E) reflected Jacksonian ideas of democracy and economic opportunity.

Question 32

President Andrew Jackson's success in abolishing the Bank of the United States

A) caused serious political damage to his administration.
B) led the nation into a period of long economic decline.
C) left the nation with an unstable banking system for many years.
D) led him to lose the political support of RogerB. Taney.
E) seriously damaged his support within the Democratic Party.

Question 33

The first of the "Five Civilized Tribes" to be removed to the West,beginning in 1830,was the

A) Creek.
B) Seminole.
C) Chickasaw.
D) Choctaw.
E) Cherokee.

Question 34

Senator Robert Hayne represented the state of

A) New York.
B) Ohio.
C) Pennsylvania.
D) Virginia.
E) South Carolina.

Question 35

In the 1820s,under Nicholas Biddle,the Bank of the United States

A) was financially sound and profitable.
B) exercised little influence on state banks.
C) restricted credit to growing enterprises.
D) prohibited the existence of state banks.
E) had to borrow credit from state banks to stay afloat.

Question 36

In 1832,Henry Clay sought to use the debate over the Bank of the United States primarily to

A) politically embarrass President Jackson.
B) help his reelection to the Senate.
C) promote his "American System."
D) boost his presidential candidacy.
E) exact revenge on Nicholas Biddle for a perceived slight.

Question 37

In 1830,President Andrew Jackson vetoed a federal subsidy to the proposed Maysville Road,because

A) he sought to demonstrate his presidential power at a time when it was being questioned.
B) the road was not a part of any system of interstate commerce.
C) the subsidy was to be paid-for out of tariff revenue, which he opposed.
D) he thought the proposal might jeopardize his bid for reelection.
E) he thought it would upset the balance created by the Missouri Compromise nine years earlier.

Question 38

As a result of the U.S.government's Indian policy in the 1830s and 1840s,

A) violence between white Americans and Indian tribes ended.
B) all Indian tribes were forced to intermingle on one large reservation.
C) new federal attempts were made to assimilate Indian tribes into white society.
D) the United States gained control of ten million acres of Indian lands.
E) nearly all American Indian societies were removed to west of the Mississippi.

Question 39

In the 1830 Daniel Webster-Robert Hayne debate,Webster considered Hayne's arguments to be an attack on

A) free states.
B) the nation's tariff policies.
C) President Jackson's leadership.
D) the integrity of the Union.
E) the institution of slavery.

Question 40

In the 1830s,the Bank of the United States was opposed by

A) "soft-money" advocates.
B) "hard-money" advocates.
C) Henry Clay.
D) both "soft-money" advocates and "hard-money" advocates.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 41

The political philosophy of Whigs

A) opposed industrialism as a source of concentrated wealth.
B) favored expanding the power of the federal government.
C) encouraged the rapid western expansion of the nation.
D) allied the party with the abolition movement.
E) celebrated "honest workers" and "simple farmers."

Question 42

Who among the following was NOT a leading Whig at some point during his political career?

A) Martin Van Buren
B) JohnC. Calhoun
C) Daniel Webster
D) Henry Clay
E) None of these answers is correct, as each was at some point a leading Whig.

Question 43

Martin Van Buren won the presidency in 1836 because

A) he was more popular with the public than Andrew Jackson.
B) federal spending had supported an economic boom.
C) the political opposition offered multiple candidates.
D) land speculation had been reduced under President Andrew Jackson.
E) his opponent openly advocated ending Indian removal.

Question 44

In the 1820s,Whig support for the Anti-Mason Party demonstrated

A) the desire of the party to attract the largest possible number of voters.
B) the intention of the party to refrain from political mud-slinging.
C) their conviction that Masonry encouraged radical egalitarianism.
D) the desire of the party to attract the largest possible number of voters, and the party's intention to refrain from political mud-slinging.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 45

Of the following groups,support for the Whigs was weakest among

A) wealthy southern planters.
B) substantial New England manufacturers.
C) small western farmers.
D) aristocratic Americans.
E) evangelical Protestants.

Question 46

In 1841,the British government

A) supported the rights and freedom of mutinous slaves on the Creole.
B) seized the Creole because it carried slaves.
C) briefly declared war on American shipping in response to the Creole mutiny.
D) refused to trade with American shipping companies that carried slaves.
E) returned mutinous slaves from the Creole to Virginia, at the request of President Tyler.

Question 47

President Martin Van Buren's "subtreasury" system

A) was a financial system to replace the Bank of the United States.
B) created a new national bank.
C) never became law.
D) quickly failed.
E) did not pass until his successor's administration.

Question 48

The presidential election campaign of 1840 saw

A) Martin Van Buren drop out of the presidential race.
B) the first influence of the "penny press" in politics.
C) Henry Clay chosen as the Whig presidential candidate.
D) the emergence of the Republican Party.
E) William Henry Harrison serve as the Democratic candidate.

Question 49

Jacksonian Democrats

A) praised President Jackson as "King Andrew I."
B) faced little political opposition by the mid-1830s.
C) were strongest among the merchants and manufacturers of the Northeast.
D) praised President Jackson as "King Andrew I," were strongest among the merchants and manufacturers of the Northeast, and faced little political opposition by the mid-1830s.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 50

During the 1830s,evangelical Protestants tended to support

A) Democrats.
B) Irish immigrants.
C) Whigs.
D) German immigrants.
E) Masons.

Question 51

As president,John Tyler

A) was a Whig who had once been a Democrat.
B) favored the recharter of the Bank of the United States.
C) considered Andrew Jackson to be his political role model.
D) approved several internal improvement bills.
E) forced JohnC. Calhoun out of his cabinet.

Question 52

In 1836,President Andrew Jackson's "specie circular"

A) resulted in a severe financial panic.
B) was defeated by Congress.
C) was of considerable political benefit to Martin Van Buren.
D) required foreigners doing business in the United States to pay their debts in hard currency.
E) caused a significant rise in prices, especially the price of land.

Question 53

Which statement about the 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty is FALSE?

A) It settled the Aroostook War.
B) It resulted in more than half the disputed territory being added to the United States.
C) It included an American pledge not to allow slave ships to land at British ports.
D) It included a British pledge not to interfere with American ships.
E) It significantly improved Anglo-American relations.

Question 54

What proved to be a serious liability to Henry Clay's presidential ambitions?

A) his close connection with the Bank of the United States
B) his program for internal improvements
C) his identification with the West
D) his public drunkenness
E) his reliance on the wealthy for political support

Question 55

The so-called Locofocos of the 1830s were

A) radical Democrats.
B) defenders of monopolies.
C) southern slaveholders.
D) western farmers.
E) radical abolitionists.

Question 56

The Whig Party was LEAST successful at

A) defining its political position.
B) attracting a loyal constituency of voters.
C) connecting with evangelical Protestants.
D) competing against Democrats in local, state, and congressional races.
E) uniting behind a strong national leader.

Question 57

Jacksonian democracy included a weak challenge to the institution of slavery.

Question 58

William Henry Harrison

A) was, in 1840, the youngest man to win the presidency.
B) was a simple frontiersman with little money or resources to his name.
C) died before he took office.
D) was a Republican.
E) had been a soldier and Indian fighter, and was a descendant of the Virginia aristocracy.

Question 59

In 1836,Congress passed a "distribution" act that required the federal government to

A) apply a higher tax to foreign bondholders.
B) parcel out Indian land to the states.
C) reward loyal Democrats with government jobs.
D) make pension payments to veterans of the War of 1812.
E) disperse its surplus funds to the states.

Question 60

In the 1830s,Democrats were more likely than Whigs to support

A) the chartering of banks and corporations.
B) territorial expansion.
C) established wealth.
D) federally supported internal improvements.
E) the abolition of slavery.

Question 61

During the Jacksonian era,free blacks could not vote at all in the South,and could hardly vote anywhere in the North.

Question 62

In the early nineteenth century,many whites viewed Indians as "noble savages."

Question 63

Andrew Jackson believed a strong federal government would lead to a strong democracy.

Question 64

As president,Andrew Jackson's first political target was the Bank of the United States.

Question 65

Calhoun's defense of his doctrine of nullification was directed primarily at the issue of tariffs.

Question 66

One of the major reforms of the Jacksonian period was the introduction of the secret ballot.

Question 67

The Whig Party held the first national party convention.

Question 68

More people gained the right to vote in the 1830s,but requirements for voters to own property remained in place.

Question 69

President Jackson considered those who favored nullification to be traitors.

Question 70

The Peggy Eaton affair improved Andrew Jackson's relationship with JohnC.Calhoun.

Question 71

President Jackson was a strong advocate for protecting the autonomy of Indian tribes.

Question 72

In 1840,the number of adult white males who voted in the presidential election had risen to 80 percent.

Question 73

As Andrew Jackson's vice president,JohnC.Calhoun became a strong Jackson opponent.

Question 74

The "age of Jackson" was less a triumph for the common man than conservatives feared.

Question 75

President Jackson sought to remove all of the eastern Indian tribes except the "Five Civilized Tribes."

Question 76

National political conventions were introduced during the Jacksonian period in order to expand the democratic process.

Question 77

The Webster-Hayne debate primarily concerned the issue of the sale of public lands.

Question 78

The Dorr Rebellion was generally consistent with Jacksonian principles.

Question 79

Andrew Jackson sided with Robert Hayne in the Webster-Hayne debate.

Question 80

During the Jacksonian period,political parties were regarded as a threat to democracy.