Question 1

Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science All of the following predictions meet the minimum requirements for an
Experiment except:

A)A volcano will erupt soon after an earthquake.
B)Aerobic exercise is associated with fewer depressive symptoms.
C)Produce grown using pesticides causes allergic reactions.
D)Students who study using laptop computers earn higher grades.

Accepted Answer

Since Fred did not observe the act, he cannot establish a necessary or necessary and sufficient relationship between Hobbes and the table. He also cannot establish a temporal relationship since he does not know when the event occurred. The only relationship he can establish is a spatial one since he found Hobbes cowering near the overturned table.

Question 2

From Pseudoscience to Psychological Science Which of the following illustrates a modern pseudoscience?&#10;A)eye movement desensitization therapy&#10;B)neurolinguistic reprogramming&#10;C)reparenting&#10;D)all of these

Accepted Answer

All of the listed options have been considered pseudoscientific in the past, but research has emerged to support the effectiveness and validity of certain aspects of each approach. Eye movement desensitization therapy has shown promise in treating post-traumatic stress disorder, while neurolinguistic programming has been used effectively in some coaching and therapy contexts. Reparenting, although still controversial, has evolved into several evidence-based forms of family and psychotherapeutic interventions. Therefore, while they may have started as pseudosciences, they have since become integrated into the field of psychological science.

Question 3

The Characteristics of Modern Science According to Schlegel (1972), _____ strongly influence what we decide to observe.&#10;A)grant funds&#10;B)personal beliefs&#10;C)social norms&#10;D)theories

Accepted Answer

Theories strongly influence what scientists decide to observe as they provide a framework for understanding phenomena and guide the direction of research.

Question 4

Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science Laboratory experiments may trade _____ for precision.&#10;A)control&#10;B)generalizability&#10;C)realism&#10;D)both generalizability and realism

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science Laboratory experiments...

Question 5

The Characteristics of Modern Science When there are several competing explanations of a scientific finding, the
Principle of _____ gives preference to the simplest one.

A)empiricism
B)minimalism
C)parsimony
D)self-correction

Accepted Answer

The Principle of Parsimony, also known as Occam's Razor, states that when there are multiple competing explanations for a phenomenon, the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one.

Question 6

The Characteristics of Modern Science Researchers should use _____ to counteract the influence of theories on their selection of questions for study.&#10;A)commonsense psychology&#10;B)good thinking&#10;C)replication&#10;D)self-correction

Accepted Answer

Good thinking involves using logic and critical thinking to ensure that researchers remain objective and unbiased in their selection of research questions, counteracting the influence of pre-existing theories.

Question 7

The Characteristics of Modern Science Good thinking means that our collection and interpretation of data should be&#10;A)systematic.&#10;B)objective.&#10;C)rational.&#10;D)all of these

Accepted Answer

Good thinking in modern science requires all of these characteristics - systematic collection and interpretation of data, objective analysis, and rational reasoning. Without these qualities, scientific investigations can be biased, incomplete, or unreliable.

Question 8

The Characteristics of Modern Science Wally disproved Julie's assertion that "he only thinks about himself" by
Recalling when he helped start her car in freezing weather.Which principle did
Wally use?

A)deductive reasoning
B)good thinking
C)modus tollens
D)self-correction

Accepted Answer

Wally used modus tollens, a logical principle that involves proving the truth of a statement by disproving its opposite. In this case, Julie's assertion that Wally only thinks about himself was disproven by recalling a time when he helped her start her car in freezing weather, which contradicts the assertion.

Question 9

The Characteristics of Modern Science Schlegel (1972) cautioned that theories can determine&#10;A)how we interpret observations.&#10;B)how we report observations.&#10;C)what we observe.&#10;D)all of these.

Accepted Answer

Schlegel's caution implies that theories play a critical role in shaping not only our interpretation and reporting of observations but also the selection of what we observe. Therefore, all of these options are correct.

Question 10

Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science In experiments, researchers most often achieve control over possible
Explanations by

A)random assignment of subjects to different treatment conditions or use of within-subjects designs.
B)presenting a treatment condition in an identical manner to all subjects.
C)keeping the environment, the procedures, and the measuring instruments constant for all subjects in the experiment.
D)using all of these methods.

Accepted Answer

Using random assignment, presenting treatments identically to all subjects, and controlling the environment, procedures, and instruments for all subjects are all methods to achieve control over possible explanations in experiments. Therefore, using all three methods together (D) is the best choice for achieving maximum control.

Question 11

The Characteristics of Modern Science When there are several competing explanations of a scientific finding, the
Principle of _____ gives preference to the simplest one.

A)empiricism
B)minimalism
C)parsimony
D)self-correction

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Characteristics of Modern Science Who described...

Question 12

Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science All of the following predictions meet the minimum requirements for an
Experiment except:

A)A volcano will erupt soon after an earthquake.
B)Aerobic exercise is associated with fewer depressive symptoms.
C)Produce grown using pesticides causes allergic reactions.
D)Students who study using laptop computers earn higher grades.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science All of...

Question 13

The Characteristics of Modern Science When there are several competing explanations of a scientific finding, the
Principle of _____ gives preference to the simplest one.

A)empiricism
B)minimalism
C)parsimony
D)self-correction

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Characteristics of Modern Science Which of...

Deck 1: Experimental Psychology and the Scientific Method