Deck 40: Digestion and Human Nutrition

Question 1

Which of the following is (are) true regarding gastric bypass surgery?

A)It is an unusually safe surgical procedure.
B)It is known to stimulate the production of leptin.
C)It may inhibit the production of ghrelin.
D)It causes food to bypass the stomach and go directly to the small intestine.
E)None of these are true.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

All animals convert food nutrients to

A)carbohydrates.
B)lipids.
C)proteins.
D)nucleic acids.
E)all of these.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Immediately after a meal, the concentration of glucose in the blood tends to increase due specifically to what digestive system task?

A)mechanical processing
B)secretion
C)digestion
D)absorption
E)elimination

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The muscular digestive organ in which food is ground into small bits in birds is the

A)intestine.
B)gizzard.
C)crop.
D)stomach.
E)cloaca.

Question 5

Use the above figure to answer questions

The grinding organ listed above "E" is called the

A)mouth.
B)crop.
C)gizzard.
D)secreting portion of stomach.
E)cloaca.

Question 6

Which of the following possess an incomplete digestive system?

A)annelids
B)flatworms
C)mollusks
D)arthropods
E)echinoderms

Question 7

Some cells of the stomach and brain produce which of the following hormones when the stomach is empty?

A)leptin
B)ghrelin
C)gastric juice
D)pancreatic hormones
E)cholecystokinin

Question 8

Chewing

A)breaks food down into smaller pieces.
B)physically and mechanically breaks up the food.
C)increases the surface area of food exposed to digestive enzymes.
D)mixes some enzymes with the food.
E)does all of these.

Question 9

Use the above figure to answer questions

The pre-digestive organ listed above "C" is called the

A)mouth.
B)crop.
C)gizzard.
D)secreting portion of stomach.
E)cloaca.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about digestion in ruminants is false?

A)Ruminant animals have symbiotic bacteria to aid in the digestion of their food.
B)It takes longer to digest plant material than meat.
C)Chewing results in mechanically breaking down food and exposing more cellulose to digestive enzymes.
D)Ruminants have a smaller range of foods in their diet than do humans.
E)Pronghorn antelopes and other herbivores have a single but disproportionately large stomach.

Question 11

Adipose cells secrete __________, a(n) __________ that acts on the __________ to help control appetite.

A)ghrelin; enzyme; stomach
B)leptin; enzyme; brain
C)leptin; hormone; brain
D)ghrelin; hormone; stomach
E)ghrelin; hormone; brain

Question 12

What is the organ in animals without teeth such as earthworms and birds that accomplishes the same action as teeth?

A)beak
B)pharynx
C)gizzard
D)cloaca
E)crop

Question 13

Use the above figure to answer questions

The organ responsible for excretion of both urine and feces "F" is called the

A)mouth.
B)crop.
C)gizzard.
D)secreting portion of stomach.
E)cloaca.

Question 14

Ruminants need special enzymes to digest

A)starch.
B)proteins.
C)cellulose.
D)lignin.
E)glycogen.

Question 15

The large crowns of pronghorn molars are an adaptation to

A)the size of their jaws.
B)the type of food that they eat.
C)the soft texture of their food.
D)the high acid content of their mouths.
E)none of these.

Question 16

The production of gastric juice is an example of what digestive system task?

A)mechanical processing
B)secretion
C)digestion
D)absorption
E)elimination

Question 17

__________ percent of American adults are overweight or obese.

A)30
B)40
C)50
D)60
E)70

Question 18

Earthworms and birds have a crop that is modified for

A)digestion of cellulose.
B)food storage.
C)mechanical breakdown of food.
D)digestion of fats.
E)storage and elimination of undigested food.

Question 19

Well-fed individuals who remain hungry are likely producing excessive amounts of

A)leptin.
B)ghrelin.
C)gastric juice.
D)pancreatic hormones.
E)cholecystokinin.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true regarding an incomplete digestive system?

A)Food enters a saclike gut.
B)Food and wastes pass through the same opening.
C)Food is only partially digested in this system; therefore, fecal material is good fertilizer.
D)This system favors regional specialization.
E)There is two-way traffic of materials in this system.

Question 21

Digestion of protein begins in the

A)mouth.
B)esophagus.
C)stomach.
D)duodenum.
E)jejunum.

Question 22

Use the above figure to answer questions

The teeth designated by the letter "D" in the above figure are called

A)canines.
B)premolars.
C)incisors.
D)molars.
E)none of these.

Question 23

Sphincters

A)are circular muscles.
B)prevent backflow.
C)are smooth muscles.
D)are found at the entrance and exit of the stomach.
E)include all of these.

Question 24

High stomach acidity

A)creates ideal conditions for carbohydrate digestion.
B)promotes emulsification of fats.
C)favors protein digestion.
D)blocks the release of histamine, thereby favoring production of peptic ulcers.
E)converts lipases into their active forms.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a secretion of the stomach?

A)pepsinogen
B)mucus
C)gastrin
D)hydrochloric acid
E)lipase

Question 26

Grinding of food is a function of the

A)incisors.
B)canines.
C)premolars.
D)molars.
E)molars and premolars

Question 27

The digestion of __________ begins in the mouth.

A)carbohydrates
B)proteins
C)lipids
D)nucleic acids
E)none of these

Question 28

Which of the following is not a function of the stomach?

A)holding food
B)mixing in digestive enzymes
C)controlling the time food stays in the stomach
D)controlling the absorption of nutrients from food
E)all of these are correct

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the human digestive system?

A)salivary gland
B)esophagus
C)pancreas
D)gallbladder
E)liver

Question 30

Use the above figure to answer questions

The teeth designated by the letter "B" in the above figure are called

A)canines.
B)premolars.
C)incisors.
D)molars.
E)all of these.

Question 31

Which of the following enzymes does NOT digest proteins?

A)trypsin
B)chymotrypsin
C)aminopeptidase
D)pepsin
E)lipase

Question 32

Stomach motility

A)decreases following a heavy meal.
B)controls the amount of material leaving via the pyloric sphincter.
C)is unaffected by emotional state or external environmental factors.
D)may be retarded when stretch receptors on the stomach wall are activated.
E)is increased by hormones released in response to high stomach acidity.

Question 33

Use the above figure to answer questions

The teeth designated by the letter "A" in the above figure are called

A)canines.
B)premolars.
C)incisors.
D)molars.
E)none of these.

Question 34

Motility is the only digestive task of the

A)mouth.
B)esophagus.
C)stomach.
D)duodenum.
E)jejunum.

Question 35

Use the above figure to answer questions

The teeth designated by the letter "C" in the above figure are called

A)canines.
B)premolars.
C)incisors.
D)molars.
E)all of these.

Question 36

Which of the following organs of the human digestive system does NOT produce any secretions associated with digestion?

A)stomach
B)liver
C)esophagus
D)pancreas
E)salivary gland

Question 37

Moistening and lubrication of food occurs in the human

A)mouth.
B)esophagus.
C)stomach.
D)duodenum.
E)jejunum.

Question 38

"Descending" is a term associated with the

A)mouth.
B)esophagus.
C)stomach.
D)small intestine.
E)large intestine.

Question 39

Which of the following enzymes digests fats?

A)aminopeptidase
B)disaccharidases
C)amylase
D)lipase
E)trypsin

Question 40

The softened ball of food (bolus) formed in the mouth contains all of the following EXCEPT

A)water.
B)amylase enzyme.
C)mucins.
D)lipase.
E)undigested food.

Question 41

The first part of the small intestine is the

A)duodenum.
B)ileum.
C)pylorus.
D)cecum.
E)jejunum.

Question 42

The acid released in the stomach is

A)carbonic acid.
B)hydrochloric acid.
C)nitric acid.
D)sulfuric acid.
E)phosphoric acid.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a hormone?

A)gastrin
B)secretin
C)mucin
D)cholecystokinin
E)leptin

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT found in bile?

A)salts
B)cholesterol
C)pigments
D)digestive enzymes
E)lipids

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT an active form of an enzyme?

A)trypsin
B)amylase
C)pepsin
D)pepsinogen
E)chymotrypsin

Question 46

Concerning the role of the pancreas in digestion,

A)no digestion occurs in the pancreas.
B)endocrine cells secrete bicarbonate, which helps neutralize highly acidic chyme.
C)endocrine cells release enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids in the small intestine.
D)exocrine tissue produces insulin and glucagon, which help regulate the metabolism of sugar.
E)all of these are true.

Question 47

All of the following are in some way involved with protein digestion EXCEPT

A)chymotrypsin.
B)amylase.
C)aminopeptidase.
D)pepsin.
E)trypsin.

Question 48

Ducts from the pancreas enter the

A)stomach.
B)colon.
C)duodenum.
D)jejunum.
E)ileum.

Question 49

Which of the following factors does NOT stimulate the stomach to pass on its contents to the small intestine?

A)stress
B)stimulation of mechanoreceptors in the stomach wall following a large meal
C)reduced fat or acid content of chyme in the duodenum
D)elation and relaxation
E)all of these