Deck 25: Animals: the Invertebrates

Question 1

Cone snails

A)are predatory.
B)are marine.
C)produce toxins used in feeding.
D)have shells that are prized for their beauty.
E)fit all of these descriptions.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

All but which are true about conotoxins?

A)They are potential sources of many new drugs of medical interest.
B)They are made by snails inhabiting the South Pacific Ocean.
C)One blocks pain as does morphine but is nonaddictive.
D)They are not lethal to cone snail prey.
E)They disrupt signals flowing through their nervous system.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Use the figure above to answer questions

A body plan lacking a body cavity is indicated by

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)A and B.
E)none of these.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following statements is false?

A)The development of a coelom was necessary before organisms could develop a large size.
B)Segmentation allows increasing specialization of body parts.
C)The development of a complete digestive tract allows the specialization of regions to carry out a variety of functions.
D)Organisms with radial symmetry developed into the ultimate predators.
E)None of these are false.

Question 5

Which is false regarding the GGC gene?

A)It is present in humans, mollusks, and insects.
B)It codes for an enzyme that regulates pattern formation in cone shells.
C)It is more than 500 million years old.
D)Today the enzyme product of the gene has different functions in different lineages.
E)None of these are false.

Question 6

An animal with bilateral symmetry

A)has left and right sides.
B)usually displays cephalization.
C)produces mirror images regardless of the number of "cuts" through the central axis.
D)has left and right sides and usually displays cephalization.
E)has left and right sides, usually displays cephalization, and produces mirror images regardless of the number of "cuts" through the central axis.

Question 7

Which of the following allows materials to diffuse into body cells and allows organs to grow larger and move more freely?

A)a coelom
B)mesoderm
C)a mantle
D)a water-vascular system
E)a saclike gut

Question 8

Which of the following are most closely related according to the most modern hypothesis of animal evolutionary relationships?

A)arthropods and roundworms
B)mollusks and tardigrades
C)annelids and cnidarians
D)chordates and flatworms
E)echinoderms and mollusks

Question 9

Use the figure above to answer questions

A body plan with a pseudocoelom is indicated by

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)A and B.
E)B and C.

Question 10

Choanoflagellates

A)have flagellated collar cells.
B)may be free-living or colonial.
C)make signaling molecules and adhesion proteins.
D)likely share a common ancestor with sponges.
E)fit all of these descriptions.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of deuterostomes?

A)The first opening into the embryo becomes the anus.
B)The first opening into the embryo becomes the mouth.
C)The second opening into the embryo becomes the anus.
D)The second opening into the embryo becomes the mouth.
E)Both a and d are true.

Question 12

Circulation developed due to which of the following?

A)Animals got larger.
B)Segmentation allows increasing specialization of body parts.
C)The development of a complete digestive tract allows the specialization of regions to carry out a variety of functions.
D)Circulatory systems allow more efficient transfer of materials and gave an advantage to the animals that developed them.
E)None of these are true.

Question 13

Which of the following lack a "true" coelom?

A)flatworms
B)annelids
C)roundworms
D)flatworms and roundworms
E)flatworms and annelids

Question 14

Which of the following characteristics is NOT present in all animal phyla?

A)multicellularity
B)organ systems
C)heterotrophy
D)diploidy
E)sexual reproduction

Question 15

Use the figure above to answer questions

A body plan of all coelomates is indicated by

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)all of these.
E)none of these.

Question 16

Which of the following describe(s) conotoxins?

A)up to 300 different types
B)delivered by a harpoon-like device
C)very specific effects
D)affect membrane proteins
E)all of these

Question 17

All animals are

A)multicellular, heterotrophic, and diploid.
B)multicellular, heterotrophic, and haploid.
C)multicellular, autotrophic, and diploid.
D)multicellular, autotrophic, and haploid.
E)unicellular, autotrophic, and haploid.

Question 18

The evolution of which tissue layer allowed an increase in complexity of animal body organization?

A)ectoderm
B)mesoderm
C)endoderm
D)protocell
E)Trichoplax

Question 19

Trends in the evolution of animals includes

A)cephalization.
B)the development of types of symmetry.
C)variation in coelomic cavities.
D)the development of segments.
E)all of these.

Question 20

A digestive tract is complete if it

A)possesses specialized regions for different digestive tasks.
B)produces acids and contains enzymes.
C)is a one-way tube with a mouth and an anus.
D)is surrounded by muscle.
E)uses the same opening for ingestion and egestion.

Question 21

Sponge gemmules

A)are used in respiration.
B)capture food.
C)function in excretion.
D)serve in digestion.
E)are reproductive agents.

Question 22

Use the figure above to answer questions

A cell type that helps to pull water through the sponge and strains out food particles is indicated by

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 23

Cells of the outer surface of a sponge obtain nutrients by

A)absorbing food that diffuses from the central cavity.
B)capturing food in their microvilli.
C)absorbing food distributed by amoeboid cells.
D)phagocytosing bacteria and other small food items.
E)poisoning small fish that contact them.

Question 24

Which of the following are most closely related to the choanoflagellates?

A)animals
B)fungi
C)amoebozoans
D)algae
E)none of these

Question 25

Which of the following organisms exhibits cephalization?

A)snail
B)sea anemone
C)sea star
D)sponge
E)Trichoplax

Question 26

Feeding in sponges is dependent on

A)collar cells.
B)pores.
C)water flow.
D)pores and water flow.
E)all of the above.

Question 27

Poriferans are

A)herbivores.
B)filter feeders.
C)scavengers.
D)predators.
E)carnivores.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT true about sponges?

A)They have few predators or pathogens.
B)Some groups have sharp spicules of silica or calcium carbonate.
C)Some species secrete a slimy body coating.
D)They can harvest sea anemone nematocysts and use them for their own defense.
E)Disease and overharvesting have caused population declines.

Question 29

Trichoplax adhaerens has no nerve cells, but scientists have discovered

A)genes that encode signaling molecules.
B)a response to harsh chemicals.
C)movement toward a food source.
D)adherence genes.
E)none of these.

Question 30

Trichoplax adhaerens is considered the closest animal relative of the choanoflagellates due to

A)similar structures to amoeboids.
B)sticky base plate.
C)microscopic observation.
D)fossil evidence.
E)genetic evidence.

Question 31

Trichoplax adhaerens resembles?

A)snail
B)sea anemone
C)sea star
D)sponge
E)a hairy sticky plate

Question 32

Use the figure above to answer questions

A structure that gives the sponges their phylum name is indicated by

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 33

Sponges have which of the following?

A)symmetry
B)organs
C)anus
D)spicules
E)appendages

Question 34

Trichoplax is a

A)sponge.
B)cnidarian.
C)placozoan.
D)choanoflagellate.
E)flatworm.

Question 35

Unlike many other animals, sponges lack

A)a digestive tract.
B)a symmetrical body plan.
C)nerve cells.
D)larvae.
E)all of these EXCEPT "larvae."

Question 36

Use the figure above to answer questions

Spicules are indicated by

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 37

Sponges live in

A)shallow tropical seas.
B)fresh water.
C)cold, Antarctic seas.
D)undersea farms.
E)all of these.

Question 38

During the Cambrian,

A)animals started a great adaptive radiation.
B)all major groups of animals originated in the seas.
C)changes in land masses, climate, and sea level contributed to animal evolution.
D)coevolution of predators and prey and of parasites and hosts was a factor in evolution.
E)all of these occurred.

Question 39

Trichoplax

A)is a small, flattened, soft-bodied marine animal.
B)is placed with sponges on the animal family tree.
C)has the smallest genome of all the animals.
D)has no mouth but rather uses extracellular digestion and absorption.
E)fits all of these descriptions.

Question 40

Use the figure above to answer questions

A cell type that secretes skeletal support elements and digests and transports food is indicated by

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 41

The first phylum with three germ layers is

A)Cnidaria.
B)Platyhelminthes.
C)Annelida.
D)Arthropoda.
E)Nematoda.

Question 42

"Nerve net" describes the nervous system of

A)flatworms.
B)cnidarians.
C)annelids.
D)sponges.
E)none of these.

Question 43

Mesoglea is found in which of the following groups?

A)sponges
B)cnidarians
C)round worms
D)annelids
E)mollusks

Question 44

Which of the following phyla is characterized by radially symmetrical members?

A)Arthropoda
B)Cnidaria
C)Platyhelminthes
D)Chordata
E)Annelida

Question 45

Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of

A)cnidarians.
B)sponges.
C)jellyfish.
D)flatworms.
E)corals.

Question 46

Fossil evidence of animal life dates back __________ years.

A)125 million
B)350 million
C)570 million
D)900 million
E)1.8 billion

Question 47

An organism that possesses a scolex and proglottids lacks

A)bilateral symmetry.
B)a coelom.
C)mesodermal tissue.
D)bilateral symmetry and a coelom.
E)bilateral symmetry, a coelom, and mesodermal tissue.

Question 48

A planula is a

A)sedentary, attached, tree-shaped form found in corals.
B)swimming larval form with an outer ciliated epidermis.
C)kind of parasitic worm.
D)fleshy lobe that extends laterally from the body wall of a marine worm.
E)rasplike tongue.

Question 49

Nematocysts are found only in

A)cnidarians.
B)nematodes.
C)crustaceans.
D)echinoderms.
E)sponges.

Question 50

Animals that are hermaphroditic usually

A)fertilize their own eggs.
B)cross-fertilize.
C)donate eggs to other individuals.
D)cannot reproduce sexually.
E)fit all of these descriptions.

Question 51

Which body plan is characterized by simple gas exchange mechanisms, two-way traffic through a highly branched, saclike gut, and a thin, flat body with all cells fairly close to the gut?

A)cnidarian
B)nematode
C)echinoderm
D)flatworm
E)sponge

Question 52

The bulk of a jellyfish consists of

A)mesoderm.
B)mesohyl.
C)mesophyll.
D)mesoglea.
E)mesogel.

Question 53

Tissues derived from mesoderm are absent in

A)sponges.
B)cnidarians.
C)flatworms.
D)sponges and cnidarians.
E)sponges, cnidarians, and flatworms.

Question 54

In the life cycle of the fluke responsible for schistosomiasis, the intermediate host is

A)a human.
B)another fluke.
C)a snail.
D)a fish.
E)unknown at this time.

Question 55

Colonial cnidarians

A)include Obelia.
B)include the Portuguese man-of-war.
C)include corals.
D)may harbor dinoflagellate symbionts.
E)fit all of these descriptions.

Question 56

In the life cycle of a typical cnidarian, which of the following is free-swimming?

A)medusa
B)polyp
C)planula
D)medusa and planula
E)all of these

Question 57

Cnidarians do NOT have

A)tentacles equipped with nematocysts.
B)three germ layers.
C)radial symmetry.
D)a saclike gut.
E)medusa stages.

Question 58

The organs of excretion in flatworms are

A)nephridia.
B)contractile vacuoles.
C)Malpighian tubules.
D)flame cells.
E)book lungs.

Question 59

Nematocysts are used for

A)reproduction.
B)excretion.
C)muscle action.
D)circulation.
E)defense.

Question 60

A scolex is

A)the anterior attachment organ of a tapeworm.
B)the feeding organ of a fluke.
C)an appendage of a sandworm.
D)the egg of a sea star.
E)the larva of an aquatic insect.

Question 61

Use the figure above to answer questions

A structure used in rapid escape or pursuit is indicated by letter

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 62

Bivalves lack which of the following molluscan features?

A)foot
B)radula
C)mantle
D)shells
E)visceral mass

Question 63

Which of the following is NOT closely related to any of the other four?

A)turbellarians
B)earthworms
C)flukes
D)tapeworms
E)planarians

Question 64

Which of the following is an organism that possesses chaetae and nephridia and exhibits coordinated movements of circular and longitudinal muscle?

A)millipede
B)tapeworm
C)polychaete
D)hookworm
E)flatworm

Question 65

Which of the following belongs to the phylum characterized by a mantle and a radula?

A)lobster
B)rotifer
C)octopus
D)sand dollar
E)polychaete

Question 66

Nephridia are

A)circulatory organs.
B)respiratory organs.
C)excretory organs.
D)endocrine organs.
E)part of the nervous system.

Question 67

The feeding mode of leeches is described as

A)predaceous.
B)internal parasitism.
C)external bloodsucking.
D)predaceous and external bloodsucking.
E)predaceous, external bloodsucking, and internal parasitism.

Question 68

The mollusk group that includes the fastest, largest, and smartest invertebrates is the

A)chitons.
B)cephalopods.
C)gastropods.
D)bivalves.
E)nudibranchs.

Question 69

Which of the following features do bivalves share with sponges?

A)lack of symmetry
B)flagellated collar cells
C)similar mode of feeding
D)siphons
E)none of these

Question 70

Torsion of the adult body is characteristic of

A)mollusks in general.
B)gastropods.
C)bivalves.
D)squids.
E)none of these.

Question 71

The movement of earthworms is dependent on

A)circular muscles.
B)longitudinal muscles.
C)hydrostatic skeleton.
D)setae.
E)all of these.

Question 72

Oval body, eight dorsal plates, grazer on rocky coasts is descriptive of

A)gastropods.
B)snails.
C)clams.
D)slugs.
E)chitons.

Question 73

Which of the following has a gut with two openings, a mouth, and an anus?

A)cnidarians
B)annelids
C)flatworms
D)sponges
E)placozoans

Question 74

Cephalopods are the only mollusks that possess

A)a mantle.
B)gills.
C)a closed circulatory system.
D)shells.
E)a closed circulatory system and shells.

Question 75

Which annelid structure resembles the ancestral structure from which the vertebrate kidney evolved?

A)trachea
B)nephridium
C)mantle
D)parapods
E)all of these

Question 76

Earthworms perform all EXCEPT which of the following?

A)chewing of food
B)respiration
C)tillage of the soil
D)movement using chaetae
E)excretion of water

Question 77

Polychaetes are the only annelids that possess

A)chaetae.
B)clitellum.
C)parapodia.
D)ganglia.
E)fluid-filled coelomic chambers.

Question 78

Which statement is false about cephalopods?

A)They were dominant predators of the sea 500 million years ago.
B)They had an elaborately chambered shell in the past.
C)All but one modern species has either a reduced shell or none at all.
D)Adaptive radiation of fishes led to selection pressures favoring speed and a large brain.
E)They have an open circulatory system.

Question 79

Use the figure above to answer questions

The radula is indicated by letter

A)A.
B)B.
C)C.
D)D.
E)E.

Question 80

Which of the following is false about earthworms?

A)They are the first group to have a rudimentary brain.
B)They are scavengers, living on detritus.
C)They have a closed circulatory system with multiple hearts.
D)Each segment has muscles, blood vessels, and nerves.
E)Paired nephridia cleanse the coelomic fluid and discharge wastes.