Deck 10: Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of sexual reproduction?

A)It offers an alternative adaptation in a changing environment.
B)It is adaptive in coevolution situations.
C)It is energetically costly.
D)The genetic variation it provides may be useful in the future.
E)It yields offspring with novel combinations of traits.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Crossing over occurs during

A)anaphase I.
B)metaphase II.
C)prophase I.
D)prophase II.
E)telophase II.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Sexual reproduction

A)leads to uniform characteristics within a population.
B)results in new combinations of genetic traits.
C)creates genetic clones.
D)requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction.
E)produces genetic clones and requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Chromatids are

A)attached at the centriole.
B)a pair of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father.
C)attached at their centromeres.
D)identical until crossing over occurs.
E)attached at their centromeres and are identical until crossing over occurs.

Question 5

The above figure represents

A)individual genes from an asexual worm.
B)maternal chromosomes that are identical.
C)paternal chromosomes that are identical.
D)both maternal and paternal chromosomes.
E)none of these.

Question 6

Sister chromatids are separated from each other during

A)metaphase I.
B)anaphase I.
C)telophase II.
D)anaphase II.
E)metaphase II.

Question 7

Crossing over

A)generally results in binary fission.
B)involves centrioles.
C)involves breakages and exchanges between sister chromatids.
D)results in new combinations of alleles being channeled into the daughter cells.
E)does all of these.

Question 8

The Red Queen hypothesis may explain

A)why asexual reproduction is easier and faster than sexual reproduction.
B)why aphids seasonally alternate parthenogenesis with sexual reproduction.
C)the existence of all-female species of animals.
D)the connection between species interactions and sexual reproduction.
E)why meiosis and fertilization alternate during sexual reproduction.

Question 9

Which is NOT a typical site for the occurrence of meiosis?

A)plant ovary
B)plant root cells
C)human testis
D)human ovary
E)plant anther

Question 10

If meiosis did NOT occur in sexually reproducing organisms,

A)growth of the zygote would be halted.
B)mitosis would be sufficient.
C)gametes would be haploid.
D)the chromosome number would double in each generation.
E)eggs would be haploid, but sperm would be diploid.

Question 11

Duplicated chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of meiosis are appropriately called what kind of chromatids?

A)mother
B)daughter
C)sister
D)homologous
E)haploid

Question 12

Through meiosis

A)alternate forms of genes are shuffled.
B)parental DNA is divided and distributed to forming gametes.
C)the diploid chromosome number is reduced to haploid.
D)offspring are provided with new gene combinations.
E)all of these occur.

Question 13

The essence of meiosis is that

A)gametes receive one copy of each member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
B)diploid gametes are formed.
C)each gamete receives one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes.
D)haploid gametes are formed.
E)each gamete receives one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes, and haploid gametes are formed.

Question 14

Chromosomes of a pair of homologous chromosomes may differ from other chromosomes in terms of

A)size.
B)shape.
C)the alleles they carry.
D)the position of the centromere.
E)all of these.

Question 15

Different, or alternative, forms of the same gene are

A)genetomorphs.
B)alleles.
C)mutants.
D)chromatids.
E)homologous.

Question 16

The cell in this illustration is in __________.

A)prophase I.
B)metaphase I.
C)anaphase I.
D)prophase II.
E)anaphase II.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is NOT true? a In asexual reproduction, the parent passes a complete set of genes to its offspring.
B)In sexual reproduction, both meiosis and fertilization must occur during the life cycle.
C)In sexual reproduction, a human offspring receives two genes for every trait.
D)Sexual reproduction puts together new combinations of genes.
E)Sexual reproduction produces clones.

Question 18

Homologous chromosomes

A)pair up during meiosis.
B)have alleles for the same characteristics even though the gene expression may not be the same.
C)are in pairs, one chromosome of each pair from the father and one from the mother.
D)separate from each other during meiosis I.
E)all of these.

Question 19

All of the following are TRUE of adaptive traits EXCEPT

A)they allow individuals to adjust to the environment.
B)they spread faster through populations of asexually reproducing organisms.
C)they spread faster through populations of sexually reproducing organisms.
D)variety results from mixing of the genetic traits.
E)all of these are true.

Question 20

Asexually produced daughter cells are

A)identical to each other.
B)identical to the parental cell.
C)different from the parental cell.
D)different from each other.
E)identical to each other and to the parental cell.

Question 21

Major gene reshuffling takes place during a prophase I.
B)metaphase I.
C)anaphase I.
D)metaphase II.
E)anaphase II.

Question 22

Gamete formation is

A)always the result of the process of meiosis.
B)the pairing of homologous chromosomes.
C)the formation of sex cells.
D)the fusion of gametes.
E)a process that occurs only in asexually reproducing forms.

Question 23

The illustration shows one possible outcome of the random alignment of homologous chromosomes at metaphase I.How many other possible arrangements exist?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 24

Crossing over

A)increases variability in gametes.
B)happens only once per homologue pair.
C)occurs between sister chromatids.
D)prevents genetic recombination.
E)is followed immediately by separation of each of the chromatids.

Question 25

Anaphase

A)involves the lining up of the chromosomes across the equatorial plate.
B)is the same in mitosis and meiosis I and II.
C)is initiated when the chromosomes begin to move apart.
D)results in an unequal distribution of chromosomes to the resulting cells.
E)does all of these.

Question 26

During meiosis II,

A)cytokinesis results in the formation of a total of two cells.
B)sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other.
C)homologous chromosomes pair.
D)homologous chromosomes separate.
E)sister chromatids exchange parts.

Question 27

During which phase of meiosis will the chromosomes appear as packets of four chromatids?

A)anaphase I
B)telophase II
C)anaphase II
D)prophase I
E)metaphase II

Question 28

Meiosis typically results in the production of

A)two diploid cells.
B)four diploid cells.
C)four haploid cells.
D)two haploid cells.
E)one triploid cell.

Question 29

There are __________ molecules of DNA in a developing human sperm cell at the beginning of prophase I.

A)92
B)23
C)46
D)half as many (as compared to somatic cells)
E)twice as many (as compared to mature sperm)

Question 30

Which of the following will NOT develop into one or more gametes?

A)spermatogonium
B)polar bodies
C)primary oocyte
D)spermatid
E)secondary spermatocyte

Question 31

Which of the following cells is NOT haploid?

A)secondary spermatocyte
B)sperm
C)primary oocyte
D)spermatids
E)polar bodies

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT true of human chromosomes?

A)The haploid number is 23.
B)The diploid number is 46.
C)There are 23 pairs of chromosomes.
D)Human gametes end up with two of each type of 23 chromosomes.
E)Human gametes end up with one of each type of 23 chromosomes.

Question 33

During prophase II,

A)a new bipolar spindle forms.
B)crossing over occurs.
C)chromosomes are single-stranded.
D)the cell is diploid.
E)the nuclear envelope re-forms.

Question 34

If a child more strongly resembles one parent's physical traits than the other parent's, the explanation could be due to chromosome movements during

A)anaphase II.
B)metaphase II.
C)prophase II.
D)anaphase I.
E)telophase I.

Question 35

Which of the following events does NOT occur in prophase II but does occur in prophase I?

A)crossing over
B)pairing of homologues
C)spindle formation
D)crossing over and pairing of homologues only
E)crossing over, pairing of homologues, and spindle formation

Question 36

Paired homologous chromosomes are found at the spindle equator during

A)metaphase I.
B)telophase I.
C)prophase II.
D)metaphase II.
E)anaphase II.

Question 37

Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because

A)it produces new combinations of alleles on chromosomes.
B)homologous chromosomes must be separated into different daughter cells.
C)the number of chromosomes allotted to each daughter cell must be halved.
D)homologous chromatids must be separated into different daughter cells.
E)all of these reasons are true.

Question 38

If a diploid organism has a genome consisting of 4 pairs of chromosomes, it can produce __________ different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes (disregarding crossing over).

A)4
B)8
C)12
D)16 e 32

Question 39

Which of the following does NOT occur in prophase I of meiosis?

A)cytokinesis
B)pairing of homologues
C)formation of a bipolar spindle
D)crossing over
E)condensation of chromosomes

Question 40

Which of the following is TRUE at the end of telophase I in corn (20 chromosomes)?

A)Each cell has 10 chromosomes.
B)Each chromosome is double-stranded.
C)Centromeres connect sister chromatids.
D)Each cell has 10 chromosomes, and each chromosome is double-stranded.
E)Each cell has 10 chromosomes, each chromosome is double-stranded, and centromeres connect sister chromatids.

Question 41

In plants, which of the following cells is(are) diploid?

A)egg
B)sperm
C)spore
D)leaf cell
E)spore and leaf cell

Question 42

Which of the following does NOT produce variation?

A)crossing over
B)random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis
C)asexual reproduction
D)genetic recombination of alleles
E)sexual reproduction

Question 43

In comparing mitosis and meiosis, which of the following statements is true?

A)Meiosis I is more like mitosis than is meiosis II.
B)Both processes result in four cells.
C)Pairing of homologues occurs in both.
D)Chromatids are present only in mitosis.
E)Meiosis II resembles mitosis.

Question 44

Fertilization of plant gametes produces a

A)zygote.
B)gametophyte.
C)spore.
D)meiospore.
E)multicellular haploid plant.

Question 45

A pine tree is called a sporophyte because it

A)develops from a germinated spore.
B)produces spores by meiosis.
C)is haploid.
D)undergoes fertilization.
E)reproduces by both sexual and asexual means.

Question 46

The mature ovum is produced by maturation of the

A)oogonium.
B)primary oocyte.
C)secondary polar body.
D)polar body I.
E)none of these.

Question 47

Sperm are formed from the direct maturation of

A)sperm mother cells.
B)spermatids.
C)spermatogonial cells.
D)primary spermatocytes.
E)secondary spermatocytes.

Question 48

Which event occurs in mitosis but NOT in meiosis?

A)bipolar spindle formation
B)tethering of chromosomes to microtubules
C)chromosomes dragged to poles by microtubules
D)nuclear envelopes breaking up and reforming
E)none of these

Question 49

In this generalized illustration of gametogenesis, the four cells in the right column should be labeled

A)sperm.
B)eggs.
C)ovum and three polar bodies.
D)secondary spermatocytes.
E)diploid.

Question 50

Polar bodies

A)are dumping places for excess genetic material.
B)have no known biological function.
C)are produced by meiosis.
D)will serve as the gametes if something happens to the egg.
E)all of these are true EXCEPT "will serve as the gametes if something happens to the egg."