Deck 7: Where It Startsphotosynthesis

Question 1

Methane is produced in manure piles and many other environments.Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning this alternative fuel?

A)High concentrations are collected from pig farms annually.
B)It is found in large geological deposits.
C)It does not burn with enough energy to be useful.
D)It needs an effective collection technique.
E)All of these are true.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following are accessory pigments in plant photosynthesis?

A)carotenoids
B)xanthophylls
C)anthocyanins
D)chlorophyll b
E)all of these

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The reactions of photosynthesis begin with

A)hydrolysis of water.
B)synthesis of sugar.
C)excitation of chlorophyll electrons.
D)manufacturing of ATP.
E)synthesis of NADPH.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

One current area of research is to find a way to break down the cellulose from plant materials and use the resulting

A)starch.
B)enzymes.
C)proteins.
D)sugars.
E)combination of all of these.

Question 5

Engelmann's investigation to determine the effective wavelengths of light in photosynthesis depended on a photosynthetic alga's

A)use of CO₂.
B)release of O₂.
C)use of H₂O.
D)use of ATP.
E)production of carbohydrate.

Question 6

When a pigment molecule absorbs light energy,

A)it becomes more stable.
B)it may gain an electron.
C)an electron from an inner energy level may move to another level.
D)an electron from an outer energy level may move to an inner level.
E)a proton may be ejected from the nucleus of the atom.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is(are) TRUE of pigments?

A)They absorb some photons.
B)They reflect some photons.
C)They absorb photons of specific colors.
D)They absorb photons of specific wavelengths.
E)They do all of these.

Question 8

According to the figure, the alga's photosynthetic pigments absorb

A)high energy wavelengths of light only.
B)low energy wavelengths of light only.
C)both high and low energy wavelengths of light.
D)high to medium energy wavelengths of light.
E)medium to low energy wavelengths of light.

Question 9

A pigment absorbs a photon only if the energy of the photon is

A)exactly enough to boost an electron of the pigment to a higher energy level.
B)slightly more than the energy of the electron absorbing the photon.
C)significantly more than the energy of the electron absorbing the photon.
D)exactly twice the energy of the electron absorbing the photon.
E)any of these, depending on the type of pigment.

Question 10

Which of the following have been used to produce biofuels?

A)algae
B)soybeans
C)rapeseed
D)flaxseed
E)all of these

Question 11

The best light to grow the alga in is __________, according to the figure.

A)blue-violet
B)blue-green
C)green-yellow
D)yellow-orange
E)orange-red

Question 12

Chlorophyll reflects which color of light?

A)red
B)yellow
C)orange
D)green
E)blue

Question 13

Which of the following colors of light has the shortest wavelength?

A)red
B)yellow
C)orange
D)blue
E)green

Question 14

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE concerning photosynthetic plants?

A)They get carbon from the environment.
B)They obtain energy from the environment.
C)They make their own food.
D)They provide food for others.
E)They require no more than energy and a carbon source to make their food.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE concerning an electron that has absorbed a photon?

A)It moves to a higher energy level.
B)It becomes more stable.
C)It quickly returns to its original energy level.
D)It may emit energy.
E)It becomes excited.

Question 16

Which of the following is the best light for plant growth according to the results of Engelmann's investigation?

A)blue
B)green
C)yellow
D)orange
E)mostly violet with some red

Question 17

Ethanol can be easily produced from:

A)photosynthetic pigments.
B)crystalline cellulose.
C)root systems of plants.
D)plant sugars.
E)all of these.

Question 18

Which of the following colors of light has the greatest energy?

A)red
B)yellow
C)orange
D)blue
E)green

Question 19

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?

A)Photons are packages of solar energy.
B)Each photon consists of a fixed amount of energy.
C)The least energetic photons travel in longer wavelengths.
D)Photons with different energy levels are perceived as exhibiting different colors.
E)Photons of visible light have wavelengths longer than 750 nanometers.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the electromagnetic spectrum is true?

A)Infrared energy is sufficient to produce ionization.
B)Infrared radiation has more energy than red radiation.
C)Visible light has more energy than ultraviolet radiation.
D)Chlorophyll absorbs some visible wavelengths, but not all.
E)Chloroplasts absorb all wavelengths of visible light equally.

Question 21

A high concentration of H⁺ in the thylakoid compartment provides energy for the __________ by__________.

A)breakdown of water; oxidation
B)production of ATP; ATP synthesis
C)reduction of NADP⁺; an electron transfer chain
D)production of sugars; the light-independent reactions
E)production of O₂; photolysis

Question 22

Which of the following statements describes an electron transfer chain?

A)It generates energy from carbohydrates.
B)Cells use it to dispose of excess electrons.
C)It utilizes ATP to synthesize nutrients.
D)It transfers energy, stepwise, from one compound to another.
E)It requires activation by oxygen.

Question 23

The two photosystems of light reactions are designated

A)type 1 and type 2.
B)type I and type II.
C)type A and type B.
D)type 680 and type 700.
E)photosystem I and photosystem II.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of photolysis?

A)It is a function of the cyclic pathway.
B)It involves photosystem II.
C)It occurs in the light-dependent reactions.
D)It is the source of oxygen in photosynthesis.
E)It directly replaces electrons lost by p680.

Question 25

The internal membrane system of the chloroplast is the

A)thylakoid.
B)stroma.
C)lamella.
D)mitochondrion.
E)tracheid.

Question 26

The first stage of photosynthesis begins with

A)hydrolysis of water.
B)breakdown of ATP.
C)excitation of electrons.
D)phosphorylation of ADP.
E)synthesis of NADPH.

Question 27

The electrons that are passed to NADP+ during the noncyclic pathway are obtained directly from __________ but ultimately from __________.

A)chlorophyll; water
B)CO₂; chlorophyll
C)ATP; O²
D)water; chlorophyll
E)NADPH; chlorophyll

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT involved in the light-dependent reactions?

A)ATP
B)thylakoids
C)chlorophyll
D)stroma
E)water

Question 29

Where in a plant cell is chlorophyll found?

A)on the outer chloroplast membrane
B)in the cytoplasm of the cell
C)in the stroma
D)in the thylakoids
E)none of these

Question 30

An important electron and hydrogen acceptor in the noncyclic pathway is

A)NADP⁺.
B)ADP.
C)O₂.
D)H₂O.
E)glucose.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT TRUE concerning photosystem I?

A)It can run independently as a cyclic pathway.
B)It runs as a cyclic pathway when too much NADPH is produced.
C)Electrons from p700 return to p680 when it runs as a cyclic pathway.
D)When it runs as a cyclic pathway, neither NADP⁺ nor O₂ is formed.
E)Its energized electrons are used to build a high H⁺ concentration.

Question 32

The light-harvesting complexes of photosynthesis are located

A)on the outer surface of the outer membrane.
B)on the inner surface of the outer membrane.
C)in the thylakoid compartment.
D)in the stroma.
E)in the thylakoid membrane.

Question 33

Which of the following occurs in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

A)Water is broken down.
B)Glucose is produced.
C)Oxygen is released.
D)NADP⁺ is reduced.
E)ATP is produced.

Question 34

Where are sugars formed in the chloroplasts?

A)on the outer membrane
B)on the inner membrane
C)in the thylakoid compartment
D)in the stroma
E)within the thylakoid membrane

Question 35

Photosystems are mainly

A)light-trapping molecules.
B)enzymes for splitting water.
C)clusters of ATP molecules.
D)sugar assembly sites.
E)electron transport systems.

Question 36

The proteins associated with the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are located

A)on the outer membranes of the chloroplast.
B)in the stroma.
C)on the thylakoid membrane.
D)throughout the cytoplasm of plant cells.
E)in the thylakoid compartment.

Question 37

Actual assembly of sugars during photosynthesis

A)occurs during light-independent reactions.
B)takes place in the stroma.
C)requires NADPH.
D)requires ATP.
E)does all of these.

Question 38

The carbon source for organisms that derive their energy from photosynthesis is

A)the soil.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)any hydrocarbon.
D)methane.
E)glucose.

Question 39

The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from

A)carbon dioxide.
B)glucose.
C)ribulose bisphosphate.
D)water.
E)atmospheric oxygen.

Question 40

All of the products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis listed below are used in the light-independent reactions EXCEPT for

A)O₂.
B)electrons.
C)NADPH.
D)ATP.
E)hydrogen protons contributed by NADPH.

Question 41

Which of the following is formed last in the transfer of solar energy?

A)H⁺
B)excited electrons
C)ATP
D)O₂
E)NADPH

Question 42

The p700 photosystem is designated as photosystem "I" because it

A)absorbs light energy first.
B)absorbs more energy than photosystem II.
C)is the primary photosystem.
D)is thought to have evolved first.
E)obtains electrons before photosystem II.

Question 43

All EXCEPT which of the following are present in both the light-dependent and light-independent reactions?

A)ATP
B)NADPH
C)ADP
D)rubisco
E)NADP⁺

Question 44

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis

A)fix carbon dioxide.
B)release oxygen.
C)cannot occur in light.
D)generate ATP.
E)do all of these.

Question 45

Which of the following chemicals has five carbon atoms?

A)phosphoglycerate (PGA)
B)ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
C)phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)
D)glucose
E)none of these

Question 46

Which of the following compounds has six carbon atoms?

A)phosphoglycerate (PGA)
B)ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
C)phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)
D)glucose
E)oxaloacetate

Question 47

Which event occurs last in the noncyclic pathway of ATP formation?

A)excitation of p700
B)transfer of energy to p700
C)formation of NADPH
D)ATP synthesis
E)transfer of electrons to p680

Question 48

Which of the following donate(s) phosphate in the Calvin-Benson cycle?

A)NADPH
B)ATP
C)RuBP
D)PGAL
E)all of these

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT produced in the synthesis (light-independent) reactions?

A)NADPH
B)phosphoglyceric acid (PGA)
C)phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)
D)glucose
E)ribulose bisphosphate

Question 50

In the noncyclic pathway,

A)there is a one-way flow of electrons from photosystem I to photosystem II.
B)ATP alone is produced.
C)hydrogen ions are pumped into the thylakoid compartment.
D)NADP⁺ accepts only H⁺.
E)H⁺ accumulates in the stroma.

Question 51

With regard to photosynthesis, photorespiration

A)is more efficient in producing carbohydrates.
B)predominates in C3 plants in cool weather when water is plentiful.
C)predominates in C4 plants on hot days.
D)produces the same amount of PGA.
E)does none of these.

Question 52

Excess glucose in most complex plants is stored as

A)fructose.
B)starch.
C)sucrose.
D)glycogen.
E)cellulose.

Question 53

Air enters and leaves through the

A)upper epidermis.
B)lower epidermis.
C)stomata.
D)mesophyll.
E)all of these.

Question 54

The carbon dioxide acceptor in the Calvin-Benson cycle is

A)phosphoglycerate (PGA).
B)ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP).
C)phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL).
D)O₂.
E)NADP⁺.

Question 55

The first stable compound produced from CO₂ in the light-independent reaction is

A)phosphoglycerate (PGA).
B)ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP).
C)phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL).
D)O₂.
E)NADP⁺.

Question 56

Which of the following has the most energy?

A)phosphoglycerate (PGA)
B)ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
C)phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)
D)glucose
E)rubisco

Question 57

The transition of the early earth's atmosphere from one rich in hydrogen to one rich in oxygen may be attributed to

A)photosystem II.
B)photosystem I.
C)the cyclic pathway of photosynthesis.
D)the light-independent reactions.
E)the activity of the electron transfer chain.

Question 58

The process in which oxygen, not carbon dioxide, becomes attached to RuBP

A)is the Calvin-Benson cycle.
B)is the C3 pathway.
C)is the C4 pathway.
D)does not occur in plants in hot, dry climates.
E)is photorespiration.

Question 59

All EXCEPT which of the following must be available for the light-independent reactions to occur?

A)carbon dioxide
B)oxygen
C)ribulose bisphosphate
D)ATP and NADPH
E)enzymes

Question 60

How many molecules of PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde) are used to regenerate the six molecules of RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate)?

A)3
B)6
C)10
D)12
E)18

Question 61

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the C4 pathway?

A)It produces large amounts of carbohydrates.
B)It feeds into the C3 pathway.
C)It is the mechanism of photorespiration.
D)It involves the activity of rubisco.
E)All of these are true.

Question 62

Which of the following is(are) TRUE of photoautotrophs?

A)They are responsible for the first concentration of free oxygen in the atmosphere.
B)They are responsible for an early extinction of most anaerobic organisms.
C)They are carbon-rich food baskets for heterotrophs.
D)They are responsible for the presence of the ozone layer of the atmosphere
E)All of these are true.

Question 63

As free oxygen increased in the early atmosphere,

A)most anaerobic organisms perished.
B)some anaerobic organisms survived in seafloor sediments.
C)organisms evolved pathways for detoxifying oxygen.
D)the amount of UV radiation reaching the earth decreased.
E)all of these happened.

Question 64

Which is NOT TRUE about chemoautotrophs?

A)They were the first cells on earth.
B)They thrived on oxygen.
C)They used methane as a carbon source.
D)Many became extinct with the arrival of photoautotrophs.
E)They did not use solar energy to feed themselves.

Question 65

Which of the following substances found in C4 plants has four carbon atoms?

A)phosphoglycerate (PGA)
B)ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
C)phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)
D)glucose
E)oxaloacetate

Question 66

The CAM pathway

A)involves only the Calvin-Benson cycle.
B)involves only the C4 cycle.
C)is used by plants in humid regions.
D)is also known as photorespiration.
E)needs day and night for completion.

Question 67

The first pathway of photosynthesis was

A)the cyclic pathway.
B)the noncyclic pathway.
C)similar to anaerobic respiration.
D)similar to aerobic respiration.
E)based on the fermentation pathway.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?

A)wood
B)coal
C)petroleum
D)natural gas
E)all are fossil fuels

Question 69

Atmospheric CO2 was stable until

A)10,000 years ago.
B)World War I.
C)World War II.
D)the Industrial Revolution.
E)15 million years ago.