Deck 3: Respondent Classical, Pavlovian Conditioning of Reflexive Behavior

Question 1

Define conditioned reflex, and give an example.

Answer 1

A conditioned reflex is a stimulus-response relationship in which a stimulus elicits a response because of prior respondent conditioning.For example, in Pavlov's experiment after a tone had been paired with food (that elicited salivation)several times, the presentation of the tone along came to elicit salivation.The tone-salivation sequence was a conditioned reflex.Other appropriate examples are acceptable.

Question 2

Define and give an example of the following: unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response.

Answer 2

An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that elicits a response without prior learning.For example, presentation of food elicits salivation.An unconditioned response is a response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus, for example, salivation to food.A conditioned stimulus is one that did not previously elicit a response, but has come to do so because of appropriate pairings with another stimulus that elicits a response.For example, in Pavlov's experiment, the bell did not elicit salivation, but it came to do so because of appropriate pairings with food.The bell was therefore a conditioned stimulus.A conditioned response is a response elicited by a conditioned stimulus.In the example of Pavlov's experiment, when the bell eventually came to elicit salivation, salivation to the bell would be a conditioned response.Other appropriate examples are acceptable.

Question 3

State the procedure and result of the principle of respondent extinction. Give an example that is not in this chapter.

Answer 3

If a conditioned stimulus is presented without further pairings with the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus will gradually lose its capability of eliciting the conditioned response.Any appropriate example is acceptable.

Question 4

Define respondent stimulus discrimination, and give an example.

Question 5

Briefly, in a sentence each, describe five variables that influence the development of a conditioned reflex.

Question 6

In the respondent conditioning component for treating alcoholism, what is the US, UR, CS, and CR?

Question 7

Define respondent stimulus generalization, and give an example.

Question 8

Give an example of a conditioned taste aversion.

Question 9

What are respondent behaviors? Give three examples.

Question 10

What is aversion therapy? Give an example.

Question 11

Why do you suppose that we have evolved so that we are susceptible to conditioned taste aversion?

Question 12

Define unconditioned reflex. Give three examples.

Question 13

Discuss whether all stimuli are equally capable of becoming CSs.

Question 14

Diagram an example of higher-order conditioning.

Question 15

Give three examples of conditioned reflexes, one for each of these categories: digestion, circulation, and respiration.

Question 16

Describe the process of counterconditioning. Describe or diagram an example of counterconditioning that is not in the chapter.

Question 17

What is biological preparedness?

Question 18

What are two other names for respondent conditioning?

Question 19

In the example of Susan learning to fear performing the double axel jump, what was the US, UR, CS, and CR?

Question 20

Describe (or diagram)how counterconditioning was involved to help Susan overcome her fear of attempting a double axel jump.

Question 21

What is operant behavior? Give an example.

Question 22

Describe a respondent conditioning component of a procedure for treating nocturnal enuresis. Identify the US, UR, CS, and CR.

Question 23

What is the field of psychoimmunology or psychoneuroimmunology all about?

Question 24

Describe a respondent conditioning procedure for treating constipation. Identify the US, UR, CS, and CR.

Question 25

What conditioned reflex occurred in a study of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer?

Question 26

What is operant conditioning? Give an example.