Deck 15: Respondent and Operant Conditioning Together

Question 1

Describe three differences between operant responses and respondent responses.

Answer 1

Any three of the following:
$$\begin{array} { | l | l | } \hline \text { Respondent Responses } & \text { Operant Responses } \\\hline \text { 1. Occur automatically to prior stimuli } & \text { 1. Controlled by consequences } \\\hline \text { 2. Said to be involunt ary } & \text { 2. Said to be involuntary } \\\hline \text { 3. Said to be elicited } & \text { 3. Said to be emitted } \\\hline \text { 4. Involve smooth muscles and glands } & \text { 4. Involve skeletal muscles } \\\hline \begin{array} { l } \text { 5. Important in the functioning of internal } \\\text { bodily processes }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { 5. Important in enabling us to } \\\text { inter act with the external } \\\text { environment }\end{array} \\\hline\end{array}$$

Question 2

Give an example of operant thinking that is not in this chapter.

Answer 2

Any appropriate example, such as thinking to yourself, "This behavior modification book is fun to read."

Question 3

Describe how respondent and operant conditioning interacted to influence Janice to get her term paper done by the deadline.

Answer 3

As a consequence of prior pairings of missing deadlines with punishment, stimuli associated with missing a deadline were likely CSs eliciting anxiety as a CR in Janice.As the deadline approached, and Janice began to emit relevant operant responses (looking up references, taking notes, etc.)to meet the deadline, his anxiety likely decreased.Thus, stimuli associated with the deadline likely caused Janice to feel anxious, a respondent response, and responding to meet the deadline, operant responses, were maintained by escape conditioning related to the decrease in Janice's anxiety.

Question 4

Describe three unconditioned reflexes that are shown by newborn infants, and that normally do not disappear as the child grows older.

Question 5

When behavior modifiers speak of private behavior, to what are they referring?

Question 6

What basic assumption do the authors of this text make about public and private behavior?

Question 7

What is the rationale of covert sensitization?

Question 8

Describe the extinction procedure and the results of extinction for operant conditioning and respondent conditioning.

Question 9

Diagram an example of respondent conditioning that is not in this chapter.

Question 10

Describe several physiological activities that we experience in a moment of great fear.

Question 11

Describe the procedures that are major causes for each of the emotions of joy, anger, anxiety, and relief.

Question 12

Give an example, which is not discussed in this chapter, that illustrates how operant thinking might function as a CS to elicit the respondent component of an emotion.

Question 13

Discuss whether behavior modifiers deny the existence and importance of thoughts and feelings.

Question 14

Describe in some detail a plausible example of covert sensitization.

Question 15

Describe the conditioning procedures and the results of conditioning for operant conditioning (positive reinforcement.

Question 16

In a sentence for each, summarize three important components that make up our emotions, and name the type of conditioning involved in each component.

Question 17

Give an example of respondent thinking involving visual imagery that is not in this chapter.

Question 18

Explain why, for most of us, an approaching deadline likely functions as a CS eliciting anxiety as a CR.