Deck 25: Token Economies

Question 1

List two backup reinforcers used at Achievement Place.

Answer 1

Permission to stay up past bedtime for a week, and access to games for a week.

Question 2

What is a token economy store? Give examples.

Answer 2

This is a place in which to keep backup reinforcers and from which they can be dispensed.
For example, the store in a classroom might be a box located on the teacher's desk.In a large token economy in a mental institution, a store might occupy one or more rooms.Other appropriate examples are also acceptable.

Question 3

How often should store time be held in a token economy for schoolchildren?

Answer 3

Stainback, Payne, Stainback, and Payne (1973)recommend that store time be held once or twice per day for the first three or four days and then decreased gradually until it is held only once a week (e.g., Friday afternoon).

Question 4

,Describe five potential problems that are likely to occur during the initial days of a token economy.

Question 5

List and briefly describe five initial steps involved in setting up and managing a token economy.

Question 6

What are three considerations for deciding the token price of each backup reinforcer?

Question 7

Identify four sources of potential help for managing a token economy.

Question 8

In a sentence, describe the type of individual whom Achievement Place was designed to help.

Question 9

What are two major advantages to using tokens as reinforcers?

Question 10

What are two ways help has been obtained to manage PSI courses?

Question 11

Q:.List at least five settings in which token economies have been used.

Question 12

List at least five behaviors that token economies have been designed to develop.

Question 13

What are tokens?

Question 14

What six characteristics should a token have?

Question 15

What is a token economy?

Question 16

State two general methods of weaning individuals from tokens when transferring behavior to the natural environment.

Question 17

How should tokens be delivered?

Question 18

Identify four target behaviors for the youths at Achievement Place: two desirable and two undesirable behaviors.

Question 19

What is the recommended number of tokens per child for a teacher to have on hand when starting a token economy in a classroom?

Question 20

Explain how a "fine" in a token economy fits the definition of response-cost punishment (you may want to review Chapter 13).

Question 21

Would you expect children in a classroom mini-economy to show more or less generalization to the natural environment than if they had not participated in the mini-economy? Explain.

Question 22

If one decides to wean an individual from tokens by eliminating tokens gradually, what are three ways that might be accomplished?

Question 23

What is a classroom mini-economy? Describe its features.

Question 24

What is one precaution to help ensure high ethical standards for a token economy?

Question 25

If one decides to wean an individual of tokens by decreasing the value of the tokens gradually, what are two ways that might be accomplished?

Question 26

Describe a token program in which individuals in a sheltered workshop administered tokens to themselves.