Deck 21: America and the Great War

Question 1

The policy idea behind "Dollar Diplomacy" was to

A) create stable governments in less-developed nations.
B) reduce the deployment of troops from the United States to other nations.
C) encourage other nations to peg their currency to the U.S. dollar.
D) financially reward Latin nations that supported the interests of the United States.
E) extend investments and influence of the United States in less-developed regions.

Answer 1

extend investments and influence of the United States in less-developed regions.

Question 2

"Dollar Diplomacy" is associated primarily with the administration of

A) William McKinley.
B) William Howard Taft.
C) Theodore Roosevelt.
D) Woodrow Wilson.
E) Warren Harding.

Answer 2

William Howard Taft.

Question 3

In 1914-1915,the United States responded to a British naval blockade of Germany by

A) ending trade with all of Europe to maintain its neutrality.
B) ending trade with Great Britain to pressure it to lift the blockade.
C) defying the blockade and continuing to trade with Germany.
D) ending trade with Germany but continuing trade with Great Britain.
E) rerouting all trade with Germany through the Mediterranean.

Answer 3

ending trade with Germany but continuing trade with Great Britain.

Question 4

After the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905,

A) relations between Japan and the Roosevelt administration steadily improved.
B) President Roosevelt sent a fleet of ships around the world, including to Japan, as a show of force.
C) the Japanese military presence in the Pacific declined.
D) the Russian government collapsed.
E) President Roosevelt negotiated a secret free trade agreement with Russia.

Question 5

In 1914,the "Triple Entente" consisted of

A) Italy, France, and Russia.
B) Great Britain, France, and the United States.
C) Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Italy.
D) Great Britain, France, and Russia.
E) Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Question 6

On the eve of the Great War,the chief rivalry in Europe was between

A) Germany and Great Britain.
B) Austro-Hungary and Russia.
C) Germany and France.
D) France and Russia.
E) France and Great Britain.

Question 7

The immediate spark for hostilities in Europe in 1914 was

A) a struggle between European powers for control of the international diamond trade.
B) the sinking of the British passenger liner Lusitania.
C) the death of Otto von Bismarck in Germany.
D) the German invasion of Poland.
E) the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Question 8

In his dealings with Pancho Villa,President Woodrow Wilson

A) ordered a military expedition into Mexico to capture Villa.
B) saw American troops capture Villa and bring him to the United States.
C) eventually released Villa in order to smooth relations with the Carranza government.
D) both ordered a military expedition into Mexico to capture Villa, and eventually released Villa in order to smooth relations with the Carranza government.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 9

In order to secure control of the Panama Canal zone,the United States

A) carried out the overthrow of the president of Panama.
B) organized a trade embargo against Colombia.
C) assisted a revolution in Panama.
D) purchased the land for the canal from Colombia.
E) surrounded the canal site with a "Great White Fleet."

Question 10

In 1914,when war erupted in Europe,President Woodrow Wilson

A) called on the American public to be completely impartial.
B) expressed sympathy for Germany.
C) declared that the "Triple Alliance" must be defeated.
D) held secret diplomatic meetings with Great Britain.
E) brokered separate peace treaties with both sides of the conflict.

Question 11

President Theodore Roosevelt's policies,in regard to Asia,were intended

A) to favor Japan.
B) to favor Russia.
C) to favor China.
D) to secure American dominance there.
E) to prevent both China and Russia from becoming dominant there.

Question 12

President Theodore Roosevelt defined "civilized" and "uncivilized" nations on the basis of

A) race.
B) literary achievements.
C) economic development.
D) both race and economic development.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 13

Prior to the United States' construction of the Panama Canal,

A) the French had tried but failed to build a canal at the same site.
B) the United States had failed to build a canal across Nicaragua.
C) the British had failed to build a canal across Costa Rica.
D) the Germans had failed to build a canal at the same site.
E) no country had attempted to build a canal connecting the Atlantic with the Pacific.

Question 14

In the election of 1916,supporters of Woodrow Wilson

A) helped the president easily beat his Republican opponent.
B) called his Republican opponent a pacifist who would not act to save England.
C) felt betrayed when the president stated that the nation's entrance into the war was inevitable.
D) were anxious for the president to declare war before election day.
E) hinted that his Republican opponent would lead the nation into war.

Question 15

The diplomatic efforts of President Woodrow Wilson toward Latin America

A) were decidedly non-expansionist.
B) curtailed the use of the military as a tool of diplomacy.
C) became known as the "good neighbor" policy.
D) were similar to those of Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft.
E) were the product of considerable interest and experience in international affairs.

Question 16

The 1904 "Roosevelt Corollary"

A) was invalidated by the Supreme Court during the Wilson administration.
B) stated that neighboring countries had to adhere to U.S. policy in times of war.
C) was created as a result of a military crisis in Cuba.
D) stated that the U.S. had a right to intervene in the affairs of neighboring countries.
E) stated that England and England alone was exempted from the Monroe Doctrine.

Question 17

In the early twentieth century,the United States' actions toward Mexico included

A) encouraging an overthrow of the Madero government.
B) a refusal to formally recognize the Huerta government.
C) sending an American expeditionary force across the border into Mexico.
D) both encouraging an overthrow of the Madero government and refusing to formally recognize the Huerta government.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 18

As part of his Asian diplomacy,President Theodore Roosevelt

A) signed a secret agreement with Japan to ensure continued American trade in Asia.
B) sent a fleet of battleships to Japan as a show of American military power.
C) extracted from Russia a recognition of Japan's territorial gains in the Russo-Japanese War.
D) both signed a secret agreement with Japan to ensure continued American trade in Asia, and sent a fleet of battleships to Japan as a show of American military power.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 19

In the fall of 1915,President Woodrow Wilson

A) stated that the United States was likely to enter the war within a year.
B) ordered American troops to staging camps in England.
C) began to support a rapid increase of the nation's armed forces.
D) was firmly rooted within the peace faction of the Democratic Party.
E) sent Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan to broker a peace settlement.

Question 20

In the aftermath of the sinking of the British passenger liner Lusitania,

A) the United States declared war on Germany.
B) Germany pledged to the United States it would not repeat such an action.
C) President Wilson prohibited Americans from traveling to Europe.
D) Great Britain began an intensive campaign to build a submarine fleet.
E) the United States began leasing its submarines to Great Britain.

Question 21

During World War I,airplanes were used for all of the following EXCEPT

A) bombing the enemy.
B) transporting troops.
C) attacking other aircraft.
D) reconnaissance.
E) "dogfights."

Question 22

American casualties in World War I

A) numbered approximately 350,000.
B) numbered approximately 60,000.
C) were as likely to be from disease as from combat.
D) were very low in all battles that U.S. troops participated in.
E) were comparable in number to those of the European powers.

Question 23

In March 1917,the United States moved closer to entering the Great War when

A) the czarist government of Russia was overthrown.
B) the Bolsheviks came to power in Russia.
C) Russia asked the Allies to call for an armistice.
D) a German offensive threatened to capture Moscow.
E) Russia and Germany negotiated a separate peace.

Question 24

The so-called "Zimmermann telegram"

A) was intercepted by agents working for the United States.
B) included a proposal for the return of the American Southwest to Mexico.
C) helped weaken public support in the United States for war.
D) revealed plans by Germany to expand the use of its submarine fleet.
E) revealed that Germans were attempting to foment a race riot in the American South.

Question 25

During World War I,the United States military effort in Europe

A) saw American soldiers engage solely in light skirmishes.
B) saw U.S. forces carry the fighting into Germany.
C) lasted only a few months but suffered light casualties compared to the other combatants.
D) saw American combat troops kept separate from Allied forces.
E) took place mostly in Belgium and the Netherlands.

Question 26

The country that lost the greatest number of lives in World War I was

A) Russia.
B) Great Britain.
C) France.
D) Germany.
E) Italy.

Question 27

During World War I,the Council of National Defense eventually organized the national economy by creating

A) state militias.
B) local defense councils.
C) nonprofit donation organizations.
D) congressional district war tax zones.
E) volunteer donation centers.

Question 28

During World War I,extensive systems of trenches were used by both sides

A) because the destructive power of weapons made conventional field battles too destructive.
B) because trenches prevented tanks from reaching the soldiers' positions.
C) because soldiers were safer from poisonous mustard gas closer to the ground.
D) both because the destructive power of weapons meant soldiers could not live in the open field, and because trenches prevented tanks from reaching the soldiers' positions.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 29

In World War I,the American Expeditionary Force was commanded by

A) George Marshall.
B) Arthur MacArthur.
C) George Patton.
D) John Pershing.
E) Leonard Wood.

Question 30

As the United States entered World War I,

A) President Woodrow Wilson declared U.S. ground troops would not be used.
B) Britain and France had few reserves of combat-age men.
C) Russia decided to re-enter the war.
D) Germany made plans to surrender.
E) Germany was threatening an invasion of Great Britain.

Question 31

During World War I,the new technology of warfare

A) created logistical supply problems, which slowed many offensives.
B) allowed the attack of the enemy without direct combat.
C) were largely responsible for the appalling level of casualties.
D) both created logistical problems, which slowed many offensives, and allowed the attack of the enemy without direct combat.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 32

As the United States entered World War I,its most immediate military effect was in

A) western Europe.
B) the Far East.
C) north Africa.
D) eastern Europe.
E) the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 33

The Selective Service Act in the United States

A) was enacted during the last months of World War I.
B) gave the government, for the first time, the authority to draft citizens for military duty.
C) was supported by President Woodrow Wilson.
D) drafted far fewer men than those who volunteered for military duty.
E) brought nearly 300,000 men into the army.

Question 34

During World War I,the War Industries Board (WIB)

A) was seen as a model for rational organization when led by Herbert Hoover.
B) was plagued by mismanagement and inefficiencies under Bernard Baruch.
C) coordinated government purchases of military supplies.
D) saw itself as an adversary of individual businesses.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 35

President Woodrow Wilson's request to Congress for a declaration of war

A) was passed without a dissenting vote.
B) was nearly voted down in the Senate.
C) came before Germany took any military action against the United States.
D) took place two weeks after German submarines had torpedoed three Americans ships.
E) was supported by Republicans but opposed by most in Wilson's own party.

Question 36

During World War I,American ground troops

A) saw combat that was relatively brief but intense.
B) were assigned to serve under the command of foreign officers.
C) were not available for battle in significant numbers until the fall of 1918.
D) both saw combat that was relatively brief but intense, and were assigned to serve under the command of foreign officers.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 37

During World War I,the United States government primarily financed the war through

A) deficit spending and currency manipulation.
B) foreign loans and the printing of new currency.
C) private business and banking loans.
D) currency inflation and the sale of gold reserves.
E) public bond sales and new taxes.

Question 38

During World War I,technologically-advanced submarines used engines powered by

A) diesel.
B) gasoline.
C) steam.
D) electricity.
E) coal.

Question 39

In January 1917,President Woodrow Wilson,in a speech before Congress,

A) suggested the creation of the League of Nations in the postwar period.
B) insisted that the nation's financial interests had to be protected from a German victory.
C) asked for a declaration of war against Germany.
D) said Britain and France could not win the war without the United States.
E) argued that entering the war would be a tragic mistake under any circumstances.

Question 40

Which of the following did the National War Labor Board,established in 1918,NOT grant to American workers?

A) an eight-hour work day
B) equal pay to women for equal work
C) collective bargaining rights
D) maintenance of minimal living standards
E) recognition of the right to strike

Question 41

In 1920,Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

A) admitted they were anarchists.
B) were convicted of murder.
C) drew widespread support from the public.
D) both admitted they were anarchists and drew widespread support from the public.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 42

After the United States entered World War I,

A) most German Americans supported the American war effort.
B) German books were removed from many American schools and libraries.
C) the playing of German music was banned in many American communities.
D) sauerkraut in the U.S. was renamed "liberty cabbage."
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 43

During the last eighteen months of Woodrow Wilson's presidency

A) his mental health was stable but his physical health was very poor.
B) he was essentially an invalid.
C) there was growing public sentiment for Wilson to step down from power.
D) his vice president, Thomas Marshall, essentially ran the White House.
E) he became more pragmatic and willing to compromise.

Question 44

As a result of the service of African American soldiers in World War I,

A) activism by blacks for their rights increased.
B) public attitudes on race were significantly altered.
C) the country saw a general improvement in race relations.
D) the federal government integrated the armed forces.
E) northern black factory workers were able to keep their jobs when white veterans returned.

Question 45

Marcus Garvey

A) encouraged African Americans to reject assimilation into white society.
B) argued that America, not Africa, was now the blacks' true home.
C) urged African Americans to move out of the South.
D) called on African Americans to reject capitalism.
E) saw his movement and influence decline in the early 1920s.

Question 46

When President Woodrow Wilson presented the Treaty of Versailles to the Senate,

A) the American public clearly supported its ratification.
B) most so-called "irreconcilable" senators favored it in principle.
C) he was willing to compromise on the language of the treaty but not its major points.
D) he found a close ally in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee chairman, Henry Cabot Lodge.
E) he refused to appeal to the public, believing the treaty should stand on its merits alone.

Question 47

During the Red Scare of 1919,Attorney GeneralA.Mitchell Palmer

A) oversaw the deportation of 6,000 people.
B) founded the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
C) argued for moderation and a cooling-off period.
D) argued for moderation and a cooling-off period, but at the same time oversaw the deportation of 6,000 people.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 48

In 1919,the racial climate in the United States

A) worsened in both the North and South.
B) worsened in the South but not in the North.
C) improved in both the North and South.
D) improved in the North but not in the South.
E) generally stayed the same as it had been before the war.

Question 49

In 1919,all of the following figures were at the Paris Peace Conference EXCEPT

A) Alexander Kerensky of Russia.
B) Georges Clemenceau of France.
C) David Lloyd George of Great Britain.
D) Vittorio Orlando of Italy.
E) Woodrow Wilson of the United States.

Question 50

In 1919,the Red Scare in the United States

A) led to government raids that uncovered large caches of weapons.
B) saw more than 6,000 people deported from the country.
C) saw the arrest of several major government figures.
D) was generally opposed by universities and other academic institutions.
E) was partly motivated by a series of bombings.

Question 51

The most prominent exponent of black nationalism following World War I was

A) Claude McKay.
B) Booker T. Washington.
C) Marcus Garvey.
D) W. E. B. Du Bois.
E) Malcolm X.

Question 52

The Sabotage Act and the Sedition Act of 1918

A) eliminated jury trials for anyone charged under these laws.
B) were most frequently directed at German Americans.
C) were created after the Supreme Court invalidated the Espionage Act of 1917.
D) made illegal any public expression opposing the war.
E) were rarely if ever enforced by the Wilson administration.

Question 53

In 1919,President Woodrow Wilson believed the Paris Peace Conference treaty

A) should have placed large reparations on the defeated Central Powers.
B) agreed with most of his Fourteen Points.
C) had ended colonialism.
D) was a success because of the acceptance of the League of Nations.
E) was a complete and utter failure.

Question 54

President Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" included

A) a ban on the production of armaments.
B) an end to secret treaties.
C) an international agreement to "outlaw war."
D) the division of postwar Germany into two countries.
E) recognition of independence for all imperial colonies.

Question 55

In 1919,American labor unrest saw

A) the public generally support unions.
B) a general strike in Seattle that brought the city to a standstill.
C) a major steel strike resolved in favor of the workers.
D) Governor Calvin Coolidge attract national acclaim for his support of labor.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 56

Immediately following World War I,the American economy

A) saw prices plunge.
B) fell into a protracted recession.
C) was marked by a continuing labor shortage.
D) boomed for many months.
E) fell into a deflationary spiral.

Question 57

In the United States during World War I,the Committee on Public Information (CPI)

A) established strict rules of censorship for journalists reporting on the war.
B) became increasingly sensationalist in its information campaign.
C) criticized the federal government's reporting of the war.
D) was led by a panel of American military officers.
E) became a haven for pacifists and conscientious objectors.

Question 58

In 1918,President Wilson's "Fourteen Points" received significant political support from

A) the British government.
B) the United States Senate.
C) the French government.
D) both the British and French governments.
E) None of these answers is correct.

Question 59

Regarding the Treaty of Versailles,the United States Senate decided in 1919 to

A) ratify it without change.
B) ratify it after Democrats accepted the Republican "reservations."
C) ratify it with the change that the United States would not join the League of Nations.
D) ratify it only after Article X was struck from the treaty.
E) not ratify it.

Question 60

In 1918,President Woodrow Wilson antagonized many Republicans

A) when he pushed for the election of Democrats to Congress.
B) when he refused to put prominent Republicans on the peace conference negotiating team.
C) when he tied support of his peace plans to the midterm elections.
D) both when he tied support of his peace plans to the midterm elections and when he pushed for the election of Democrats to Congress.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 61

The most "modern" applications of new technology during World War I were in sea warfare.

Question 62

When the United States entered World War I,Germany was near defeat.

Question 63

Britain lost more men in World War I then either France or the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Question 64

In his diplomacy,President Wilson approached Latin America in a way that was very similar to the approach of presidents Roosevelt and Taft.

Question 65

The American response to the war in Europe was to accept the British blockade of Germany and continue trading with Great Britain.

Question 66

The entrance of the American military into World War I had its most immediate impact on the naval war in the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 67

In 1920,passage of the Nineteenth Amendment

A) marked the beginning of a new era in progressive reform.
B) outlawed the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol.
C) gave women the right to vote.
D) required the direct election of senators.
E) disallowed Woodrow Wilson from running for a third term.

Question 68

The War Industries Board,which coordinated government purchases of military supplies,was headed by Herbert Hoover.

Question 69

The Zimmermann telegram proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany against the United States.

Question 70

The United States financed World War I solely through public bond sales.

Question 71

President Wilson refused to endorse American military rearmament until he was reelected in 1916.

Question 72

The election of 1920 saw

A) voters turn away from idealism and toward "normalcy."
B) WarrenG. Harding narrowly defeat Al Smith.
C) the Democratic Party distance itself from the politics of Woodrow Wilson.
D) Republicans maintain their two decades of control of the White House.
E) Franklin D. Roosevelt serve as vice president on the Republican ticket.

Question 73

President Taft's "Dollar Diplomacy" brought stability to Latin America.

Question 74

Most industrial laborers were required to work longer hours during World War I.

Question 75

President Roosevelt did not believe that Japan could be considered among the ranks of the "civilized" countries.

Question 76

In early 1915,virtually the entire European continent was at war after the assassination of an Austrian archduke provided the spark to hostilities on the continent.

Question 77

Between 1914 and 1916,the United States gradually transformed itself from a neutral country into an arsenal of the Allies.

Question 78

The German submarine attack on the British liner the Lusitania resulted in the death of more than 100 Americans.

Question 79

In his dealings with Mexico,President Wilson often ignored Mexican sovereignty.

Question 80

The majority of American soldiers who fought in World War I were volunteers.