Deck 2: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Radiation

Question 1

Which pair does NOT correctly match an element symbol to its full name?

A) C - carbon
B) O - oxygen
C) H - helium
D) N- nitrogen
E) Cl - chlorine

Answer 1

H - helium

Question 2

Which isotope in Zirconium is the lightest?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The identity of an element is determined by its number of _____.

A) protons
B) neutrons
C) electrons
D) protons and neutrons
E) protons, neutrons, and electrons

Answer 3

protons

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of iron deficiency?

A) dizziness
B) shortness of breath
C) frequent urination
D) headaches
E) fatigue

Question 5

Which isotope in Zirconium has the fewest number of neutrons?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

_____ are the subatomic particles that have the smallest mass.

A) Protons
B) Neutrons
C) Electrons
D) Protons and neutrons
E) Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the model of the atom is true?

A) The nucleus is much less dense than the surrounding electrons.
B) Electrons orbit the nucleus like planets around the Sun.
C) This is the first model of the atom.
D) The atom is mostly empty space.
E) The model of the atom was developed by looking directly at an atom.

Question 8

According to the current model of the atom, the part of the diagram labeled B is made up of

A) protons.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
D) protons and neutrons.
E) protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 9

The nucleus is composed of _____.

A) protons
B) neutrons
C) electrons
D) protons and neutrons
E) protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 10

Which of the following statements describes how our model of the atom has changed?

A) The model of the atom has never changed.
B) Electrons are now commonly directly observed.
C) Electrons are now known to orbit the nucleus like a planet orbits the Sun.
D) The path of a single electron can now be followed exactly.
E) We now determine the probabality of finding an electron in a region of space.

Question 11

_____ have a positive charge.

A) Protons
B) Neutrons
C) Electrons
D) Protons and neutrons
E) Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 12

_____ are neutral.

A) Protons
B) Neutrons
C) Electrons
D) Protons and neutrons
E) Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 13

Which isotope in Zirconium is the least abundant?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 14

Which of the following diagrams of an atom best represents the scale of the nucleus and electrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 15

_____ have a negative charge.

A) Protons
B) Neutrons
C) Electrons
D) Protons and neutrons
E) Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 16

_____ have a mass of approximately 1 amu.

A) Protons
B) Neutrons
C) Electrons
D) Protons and neutrons
E) Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 17

Which pair correctly matches an element to its atomic number?

A) 9.012 - Be
B) 12.01 - C
C) 39.94 - Ar
D) 9 - F
E) 133 - Cs

Question 18

The most common nutritional deficiency in the world is_____.

A) scurvy
B) anemia
C) kwashiorkor
D) rickets
E) pellagra

Question 19

According to the current model of the atom, the part of the diagram labeled A is made up of

A) protons.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
D) protons and neutrons.
E) protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 20

_____ determine the physical and chemical characteristics of an atom.

A) Protons
B) Neutrons
C) Electrons
D) Protons and neutrons
E) Protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 21

According to the periodic table, the atomic mass of potassium (K) is ______. ?

A) 4
B) 19
C) 39.10
D) K
E) 2

Question 22

_____ make up the majority of compounds found in living organisms.

A) Building-block elements
B) Macronutrients
C) Micronutrients
D) Metals
E) Metalloids

Question 23

The average atomic mass of zirconium is

A) less than 90 because the atomic mass only depends on the number of protons in the atom.
B) 90 because ⁹⁰Zn has the highest natural abundance.
C) greater than 90 but less than 96 because the atomic mass takes into account the abundance of all naturally occurring isotopes.
D) 96 because the atomic mass is the mass of the highest naturally occurring isotope.
E) greater than 96 because the atomic mass is the sum of masses of the naturally occurring isotopes.

Question 24

According to the periodic table, which element is found in period 2, group 5A?

A) nitrogen
B) vanadium
C) strontium
D) boron
E) cadmium

Question 25

According to the periodic table, which element is in period 4, group 6A?

A) Cr
B) La
C) Ga
D) Se
E) Al

Question 26

According to the periodic table, which of the following sets of terms accurately describes chlorine?

A) I only
B) II only
C) I and II
D) II and IV
E) III and IV

Question 27

What is the identity of element X?

A) xenon
B) manganese
C) gold
D) copper
E) iron

Question 28

An element is a solid at room temperature and a shiny, metallic grey. However, it is a poor conductor of electricity and temperature and it is also brittle. Which of the following elements fits this description?

A) oxygen
B) lithium
C) helium
D) antimony
E) iron

Question 29

According to the periodic table, the atomic number of potassium (K) is ______. ?

A) 4
B) 19
C) 39.10
D) K
E) 2

Question 30

What is the mass number of element X?

A) 25
B) 56
C) 81
D) 31
E) None of the above values is the mass number.

Question 31

The elements numbered 21-30 are examples of _______..

A) transition metals
B) noble gases
C) alkali earth metals
D) alkali metals
E) halogens

Question 32

According to the periodic table, what types of elements are in group 7A?

A) transition metals
B) noble gases
C) alkali earth metals
D) alkali metals
E) halogens

Question 33

Which of the following statements about isotopes is false?

A) Isotopes are atoms with same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
B) Most elements naturally have more than one isotope.
C) Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
D) An isotope with more neutrons will have a greater mass than an isotope with fewer neutrons.
E) All of the above are true.

Question 34

The periods are the _____ of the periodic table.

A) transition metals
B) halogens
C) rows
D) columns
E) numbers

Question 35

The number of protons is equal to the _____ in a neutral atom.

A) number of neutrons
B) number of electrons
C) mass number
D) average atomic mass
E) group number

Question 36

Which of the following terms is NOT a characteristic of a metal?

A) malleable
B) a good conductor of heat
C) a good conductor of electricity
D) shiny
E) a gas at room temperature

Question 37

How many electrons are in a neutral atom of element X?

A) 25
B) 56
C) 81
D) 31
E) None of the above values is the number of electrons.

Question 38

Most of the micronutrients are

A) transition metals.
B) metalloids.
C) nonmetals.
D) alkali earth metals.
E) noble gases.

Question 39

What is the atomic number of element X?

A) 25
B) 56
C) 81
D) 31
E) None of the above values is the atomic number.

Question 40

An atom of carbon containing 7 neutrons can be written which of the following ways? All of the choices are correct.

A) II, IV, or V
B) I, III
C) I, II
D) III, IV

Question 41

_____ is an important component of hemoglobin. Without this protein, tissues become starved of oxygen and fatigue and shortness of breath results.

A) Iodine
B) Flourine
C) Zinc
D) Iron
E) Oxygen

Question 42

_____ is most commonly ingested along with salt.

A) Iodine
B) Flourine
C) Zinc
D) Iron
E) Oxygen

Question 43

Which element is this?

A) beryllium
B) magnesium
C) oxygen
D) neon
E) calcium

Question 44

Which atom is in its ground state?

A) H
B) He
C) H and He
D) Li
E) All of the above

Question 45

How many electrons are core electrons?

A) 12
B) 10
C) 8
D) 4
E) 2

Question 46

Which electron shell is closest to the nucleus of the atom?

A) n =1
B) n =2
C) n =3
D) n =4
E) All electrons are equally close to the nucleus.

Question 47

_____ is an important component of the immune system as well as required by many enzymes.

A) Iodine
B) Flourine
C) Zinc
D) Iron
E) Oxygen

Question 48

Micro- and macronutrients are

A) equally distributed throughout the body.
B) all metals and metalloids.
C) obtained through the diet.
D) only found in the first three periods of the periodic table.
E) all required in quantities of more than 100 mg per day.

Question 49

Which atom has the largest diameter?

A) H
B) He
C) H and He
D) Li
E) All of the above have the same diameter.

Question 50

Which atom has two core electrons and one valence electron?

A) H
B) He
C) H and He
D) Li
E) All of the above

Question 51

How many electrons are in the valence shell?

A) 12
B) 10
C) 8
D) 4
E) 2

Question 52

Which electron shell is lowest in energy?

A) n =1
B) n =2
C) n =3
D) n =4
E) All electrons are equal in energy.

Question 53

Electron shells closest to the nucleus are occupied before electron shells farther from the nucleus because the electrons shells closest to the nucleus are

A) pulled toward the nucleus by gravity.
B) protected by the outer shell.
C) attracted to the nucleus for reasons unknown.
D) more stable than electrons farther from the nucleus.
E) Actually, electrons farther from the nucleus are filled first.

Question 54

According to the periodic table, how many electron shells do the elements in the third row have?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) It depends on the specific element.

Question 55

The element chlorine has three electron shells. How many electrons are in each shell?

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 56

According to the periodic table, how many valence electrons do the elements in group 7A have?

A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8
E) It depends on the specific element.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a building block element?

A) C
B) H
C) O
D) N
E) These are all building block elements.

Question 58

Adding _____ to drinking water is a common practice in many cities, meant to strengthen tooth enamel and decrease dental cavities.

A) iodine
B) flourine
C) zinc
D) iron
E) oxygen

Question 59

According to the periodic table, how many valence electrons do the elements in the third row have?

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 8
E) It depends on the specific element.

Question 60

Which shell is the valence shell?

A) shell A
B) shell B
C) shell C
D) shells A and B
E) shells B and C

Question 61

The size of atoms generally increases as the number of

A) electron shells increases.
B) electrons in the valence shell increases.
C) neutrons in atoms increases.
D) protons increases.
E) All atoms are the same size.

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT the same for different isotopes of the same element?

A) atomic number
B) number of protons
C) number of electrons
D) charge
E) mass number

Question 63

Which of the following groups of elements forms anions?

A) noble gases
B) transition metals
C) alkaline metals
D) alkali earth metals
E) halogens

Question 64

The energy diagram below is for an ion of magnesium. To make this ion, the atom that it came from had to_________.

A) become a different atom.
B) gain electrons.
C) become a nonmetal.
D) lose electrons.
E) become a metal.

Question 65

How many electrons are in the valence shell of the ion represented by the energy diagram shown below?

A) 8
B) 10
C) 12
D) 22
E) 0

Question 66

Which of the following elements forms a cation?

A) carbon
B) phosphorous
C) krypton
D) nickel
E) iodine

Question 67

Which of the following elements has a mass number of 35 and an atomic number of 17?

A) chlorine
B) bromine
C) argon
D) tellurium
E) sulfur-35

Question 68

Isotopes are

A) elements with the same number of electrons but different numbers of protons.
B) elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of electrons.
C) elements with the same number of electrons but different numbers of neutrons.
D) elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
E) elements with the same number of neutrons but different numbers of protons.

Question 69

The energy diagram below is for an ion of magnesium. The charge on this ion is _______ making the ion a _______.

A) (-10; anion)
B) (-2; anion)
C) (-2; cation)
D) + 2; anion
E) + 2; cation

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT true for the atoms ¹²C, ¹³C, and ¹⁴C?

A) They all have six electrons.
B) They all have the same mass number.
C) They all have the same atomic number.
D) They are isotopes.
E) They all have six protons.

Question 71

Nonmetals typically ______ and metals typically ______.

A) donate electrons; accept electrons
B) accept electrons; donate electrons
C) donate protons; accept protons
D) accept protons; donate protons
E) donate neutrons; accept neutrons

Question 72

Elements in group 17 (7A) of the periodic table are likely to form ions with the charge

A) (-3.)
B) (-2.)
C) (-1.)
D) +1.
E) +2.

Question 73

Radioactive isotopes are

A) very stable isotopes.
B) highly chemically reactive.
C) unstable isotopes.
D) charged species.
E) unusually nonreactive.

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT a type of radiation that comes from the decay of radioisotopes?

A) microwaves
B) x-rays
C) gamma rays
D) alpha particle
E) beta particle

Question 75

Elements in group 6A (16) have a -2 charge when they are in compounds. Which of the following statements best explains the reason for this observation?

A) These elements accept two electrons to increase in energy.
B) These elements donate two electrons during the bonding process.
C) These elements accept two electrons so that their valence shells are full.
D) These elements donate two electrons to minimize their mass.
E) There is no way to rationalize this; it is just an observation.

Question 76

The conventional way of writing the symbol for an ion of calcium is

A) calcium-18.
B) Ar.
C) Ca ^{- 18}.
D) Ca⁺².
E) Ca₊₂.

Question 77

Which element would you expect to be the largest?

A) fluorine
B) chlorine
C) argon
D) calcium
E) hydrogen

Question 78

Oxygen is a _______ and therefore _______ when it forms an ion.

A) metal; loses electrons
B) metal; gains electrons
C) nonmetal; loses electrons
D) nonmetal; gains electrons
E) metalloid; loses electrons

Question 79

Select the choice in which atomic number, mass number, number of neutrons, and number of protons listed is correct for phosphorous-32.

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 80

Elements in group 1A of the periodic table are likely to form ions with the charge

A) (-3.)
B) (-2.)
C) (-1.)
D) +1.
E) +2.