Deck 12: One-Factor Within-Subjects Analysis of Variance

Question 1

12-20 For a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, the dfTotal are equal to the number of minus one.

A)subjects minus the levels of the independent variable
B)treatment conditions
C)scores
D)subjects

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance partitions the total variation of scores in an experiment into.

A)two sources
B)three sources
C)four sources
D)as many sources as needed based on the amount of total variation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The model for representing a subject's score in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance can be expressed as total variation in a score equals variation due to factor A variation to individual differences variation due to the interaction of A and S.

A)plus; minus
B)minus; minus
C)minus; plus
D)plus; plus

Answer 3

D

Question 4

12-11 Which of the following is correct for a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance?

A)SSTotal = SSA + SSError
B)SSTotal = SSA + SSB + SSA × B + SSError
C)SSTotal = SSA + SSS + SSA × S
D)SSTotal = SSA + SSS + SSA × S + SSError

Question 5

In a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, SSTotal is equal to SSA SSS SSA × S

A)plus; minus
B)plus; plus
C)minus; plus
D)minus; minus

Question 6

12-10 If SSA = 15, SSA × S = 5, and SSTotal = 30, then SSS equals.

A)10
B)15
C)20
D)cannot determine from

Question 7

A within-subjects design also is known as a design.

A)between-groups
B)dependent-subjects
C)treatment-by-subjects
D)independent-groups

Question 8

12-13 The in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance represents variation due to the effect of the independent variable as well as treatments-by-subjects interaction.

A)SSA
B)SSS
C)SSA × S
D)SSTotal

Question 9

12-19 The SSS in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance represents.

A)variation due to the individual differences among subjects
B)variation due to the treatments-by-subjects interaction
C)variation due to the independent variable and treatments-by-subjects interaction
D)total variation of the scores

Question 10

In a within-subjects design,.

A)a single group of subjects is given all levels of the independent variable
B)each group of subjects receives only one level of the independent variable
C)each group of subjects receives a different level of the independent variable
D)subjects are randomly assigned to a level of the independent variable

Question 11

12-14 The in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance represents variation due to the effect of the treatments-by-subjects interaction.

A)SSA
B)SSS
C)SSA × S
D)SSTotal

Question 12

If an experiment used a one-factor within-subjects design with three levels, then each participant would be tested and measured time(s).

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 13

12-16 The SSTotal in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance represents.

A)variation due to the individual differences among subjects
B)variation due to the treatments-by-subjects interaction
C)variation due to the independent variable and treatments-by-subjects interaction
D)total variation of the scores

Question 14

12-15 The in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance represents variation due to individual differences among subjects.

A)SSA
B)SSS
C)SSA × S
D)SSTotal

Question 15

12-17 The SSA in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance represents.

A)variation due to the individual differences among subjects
B)variation due to the treatments-by-subjects interaction
C)variation due to the independent variable and treatments-by-subjects interaction
D)total variation of the scores

Question 16

Which of the following does not belong with the others?

A)Repeated-measures design.
B)Between-subjects design.
C)Treatment-by-subjects design.
D)Within-subjects design.

Question 17

12-12 The in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance represents the total variation of the scores of the experiment.

A)SSA
B)SSS
C)SSA × S
D)SSTotal

Question 18

Which of the following does not contribute to variation in the scores of a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance?

A)The effect of the independent variable.
B)The effects of the individual differences among subjects.
C)The effect of the dependent variable.
D)The interaction of treatments and subjects.

Question 19

A within-subjects design also is known as a design.

A)between-groups
B)independent-groups
C)dependent-subjects
D)repeated-measures

Question 20

12-18 The SSA × S in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance represents.

A)variation due to the individual differences among subjects
B)variation due to the treatments-by-subjects interaction
C)variation due to the independent variable and treatments-by-subjects interaction
D)total variation of the scores

Question 21

12-40 The denominator of the F statistic in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance.

A)is the same as in a one-factor between-subjects analysis of variance
B)is the same as in trel
C)represents the interaction of subjects with the independent variable
D)reflects individual differences unrelated to the effect of the independent variable

Question 22

12-36 In a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, reflects variation in scores due to the effect of the interaction of the independent variable with subjects.

A)MSA
B)MSB
C)MSS
D)MSA × S

Question 23

12-30 The MSS in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance is equal to the SSS divided by.

A)dfA × S
B)nA - 1
C)dfTotal
D)SSTotal

Question 24

12-34 In a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, reflects variation in scores due to the effect of the independent variable and error variation.

A)MSA
B)MSB
C)MSS
D)MSA × S

Question 25

12-21 The dfTotal in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance are equal to.

A)N - 1
B)nA - 1
C)a - 1
D)(a - 1)(nA - 1)

Question 26

12-32 In a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, reflects variation in scores due to the differences among subjects.

A)MSA
B)MSB
C)MSS
D)MSA × S

Question 27

12-28 If an experiment using a one-factor within-subjects design has four treatment conditions and uses a total of 12 participants, then the dfS equals.

A)3
B)11
C)12
D)33

Question 28

12-23 The dfS in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance are equal to.

A)N - 1
B)nA - 1
C)a - 1
D)(a - 1)(nA - 1)

Question 29

12-37 The MSA × S in a one-factor between-subjects analysis of variance represents the variation due to the.

A)effect of the independent variable plus treatments-by-subjects interaction
B)error variation from one treatment to another
C)individual differences among subjects
D)total variation of scores

Question 30

12-27 If 30 people were each tested under three treatment conditions in a within-subjects experiment, then the dfTotal would be for the analysis of variance.

A)2
B)29
C)90
D)89

Question 31

12-29 If an experiment using a one-factor within-subjects design has four treatment conditions and uses a total of 12 participants, then the dfA × S equals.

A)36
B)11
C)33
D)47

Question 32

12-35 The MSA term in a one-factor between-subjects analysis of variance represents variation due to the.

A)effect of the independent variable plus error variation
B)error variation from one treatment to another
C)individual differences among participants
D)interaction of subjects with the independent variable

Question 33

12-24 The dfA × S in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance are equal to.

A)N - 1
B)nA - 1
C)a - 1
D)(a - 1)(nA - 1)

Question 34

12-25 The total degrees of freedom in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance are equal to.

A)N - 1
B)dfA + dfS + dfA x S
C)(a - 1) + (nA - 1) + (a - 1)(nA - 1)
D)all the above

Question 35

12-22 The dfA in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance are equal to.

A)N - 1
B)nA - 1
C)a - 1
D)(a - 1)(nA - 1)

Question 36

12-38 Which of the following terms in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance is principally associated with error variation?

A)MSA
B)MSA × S
C)MSB
D)MSS

Question 37

12-39 The F statistic calculated for a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance is defined as the ratio of the mean square for to the mean square for.

A)A; A × S
B)A × S; S
C)A; S
D)A × S; A

Question 38

12-26 If an experiment using a one-factor within-subjects design has four treatment conditions and uses a total of 12 participants, then the dfTotal equals.

A)3
B)47
C)11
D)48

Question 39

12-31 The MSA × S for a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance is equal to the SSA × S dfA × S

A)plus
B)minus
C)multiplied by
D)divided by

Question 40

12-33 In a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, the extent of individual differences is reflected in the mean square.

A)factor A
B)subjects (S)
C)interaction of treatment with subjects
D)subjects and A × S interaction

Question 41

12-57 If the null hypothesis is true for a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, then Fobs should be approximately and the null hypothesis should.

A)1.00; not be rejected
B)1.00; be rejected
C)zero; be rejected
D)zero; not be rejected

Question 42

12-44 Suppose 11 participants were tested under four treatment conditions in a one-factor within-subjects design. The numerator of the F statistic for the analysis of variance would have degrees of freedom.

A)3
B)10
C)4
D)43

Question 43

12-59 If Fobs does not fall into the rejection region in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, then the.

A)alternative hypothesis is accepted
B)differences among the treatment means are statistically significant
C)differences among the treatment means are nonsignificant
D)sample variances are equal

Question 44

12-55 The situation that presumably exists if the independent variable has an effect is represented by in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance.

A)H0
B)H1
C)MSTotal
D)SSTotal

Question 45

12-62 If you fail to reject H0 in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, then you conclude that the.

A)variances of each treatment condition are equal
B)variances of each treatment condition are not equal
C)treatment means differ only because of sampling error
D)treatment means differ by more than sampling error alone

Question 46

12-49 If the independent variable does have an effect in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, then MSA will be MSA × S, and the resulting F statistic will be.

A)smaller than; under 1.00
B)nearly equal to; about 1.00
C)larger than; over 1.00
D)smaller than; over 1.00

Question 47

12-43 Suppose 11 participants were tested under four treatment conditions in a one-factor within-subjects design. The denominator of the F statistic for the analysis of variance would have degrees of freedom.

A)3
B)10
C)30
D)43

Question 48

12-64 If the alternative hypothesis is accepted in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance on three levels of the independent variable, then.

A)it may be concluded that the three treatment means were obtained from populations with identical means
B)it may be concluded that the treatment means are not equal to the population means
C)it may be concluded that the variance of the sample is not equal to the variance of the population
D)multiple comparison tests are needed to find statistically significant pairwise differences of the treatment means

Question 49

12-42 A one-factor within-subjects experiment uses three treatments and a total of nine subjects; thus the df associated with the mean square in the denominator of the F statistic for the analysis of variance equals.

A)24
B)26
C)8
D)16

Question 50

12-45 If SSA = 27.00, SSA × S = 99.00, SSS = 44.00, dfA = 3, dfA × S = 33, and dfS = 11, then MSA equals in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance.

A)3.00
B)9.00
C)81.00
D)4.00

Question 51

12-46 If SSA = 27.00, SSA × S = 99.00, SSS = 44.00, dfA = 3, dfA × S = 33, and dfS = 11, then Fobs equals in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance.

A)2.25
B)1.33
C)3.00
D)0.33

Question 52

12-63 If the alternative hypothesis is accepted in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance on three levels of the independent variable, then it may be concluded that the .

A)treatment means differ by more than sampling error alone
B)three treatment means were obtained from populations with identical means
C)treatment means are not equal to the population means
D)variances of the sample are not equal to the variance of the population

Question 53

12-56 If the null hypothesis is true for a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, then Fobs should be.

A)either positive or negative depending on the direction of differences among the means
B)approximately zero
C)approximately 1.00
D)greater than 1.00

Question 54

12-58 If Fobs does not fall into the rejection region in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, then the.

A)alternative hypothesis is accepted
B)null hypothesis is not rejected
C)sample means are considered to be unequal
D)sample variances are equal

Question 55

12-47 If MSA = 72.00, MSA × S = 12.00, and MSS = 24.00, then Fobs equals in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance.

A)2.00
B)3.00
C)0.17
D)6.00

Question 56

12-60 If Fobs falls into the rejection region in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, then the.

A)alternative hypothesis is accepted
B)null hypothesis is not rejected
C)null hypothesis is accepted
D)sample variances are equal

Question 57

12-61 If you reject H0 in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, then you conclude that the.

A)variances of each treatment condition are equal
B)variances of each treatment condition are not equal
C)treatment means differ only because of sampling error
D)treatment means differ by more than chance alone

Question 58

12-54 The situation that presumably exists if the independent variable has no effect is represented by in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance.

A)H0
B)H1
C)MSTotal
D)SSTotal

Question 59

12-48 If the independent variable has no effect in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance, then MSA will be MSA × S, and the resulting F statistic will be.

A)smaller than; under 1.00
B)nearly equal to; about 1.00
C)larger than; over 1.00
D)smaller than; over 1.00

Question 60

12-41 A one-factor within-subjects experiment uses three treatments and a total of nine subjects; thus the df for the mean square in the numerator of the F statistic for the analysis of variance equals .

A)2
B)3
C)8
D)16

Question 61

12-72 A one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance revealed that the means differ significantly, F(2, 10) = 12.37, MSA × S = 10.62, p < .05. Given this

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)not enough

Question 62

12-70 Which of the following is not an assumption underlying the use of a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance.

A)The scores are normally distributed in the populations.
B)The variances in the populations sampled are equal.
C)Each participant is randomly assigned to one level of the independent variable.
D)The individual differences of subjects remain the same over all treatment

Question 63

12-81 Changes in task performance due to repeatedly performing a task rather than to any effects of the independent variable are called effects.

A)between-subjects
B)treatment carry-over
C)repetition
D)practice

Question 64

12-79 In comparison to between-subjects designs, within-subjects designs.

A)require more participants
B)may be less sensitive to the effects of the independent variable
C)are susceptible to multiple treatment effects
D)are not affected by practice on a task

Question 65

12-71 A one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance revealed that the means differ significantly, F(2, 10) = 12.37, MSA × S = 10.62, p < .05. Given this

A)5
B)6
C)10
D)not enough

Question 66

12-69 Which assumption for a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance is most likely to be violated?

A)Each participant is tested under each level of the independent variable.
B)The scores are normally distributed in the populations sampled.
C)The variances of scores are equal in the populations sampled.
D)The contribution of the individual differences of a participant's scores remains the same over all treatment conditions.

Question 67

12-77 In comparison to between-subjects designs, within-subjects designs.

A)require fewer participants
B)may be more sensitive to the effects of the independent variable
C)are more susceptible to multiple treatment effects
D)all the above

Question 68

12-82 A decrease in task performance due to fatigue or boredom over repeated task measurements refers to effects.

A)practice
B)treatment carry-over
C)between-subjects
D)repetition

Question 69

12-74 If the results of a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance were summarized as F(2, 28) = 2.79, p > .05, then you know that the experiment used subjects and the differences between the treatment condition means were .

A)15; nonsignificant
B)15; statistically significant
C)29; statistically significant
D)29; nonsignificant

Question 70

12-67 Eta squared for a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance is found by.

A)SSA ÷ (SSA + SSA × S)
B)SSA ÷ SSTotal
C)SSS ÷ (SSA + SSA × S)
D)SSA ÷ SSS

Question 71

12-78 In comparison to between-subjects designs, within-subjects designs.

A)require more participants
B)may be more sensitive to the effects of the independent variable
C)are not susceptible to multiple treatment effects
D)are not affected by practice on a task

Question 72

12-66 In which of the following instances is a post hoc test needed in a one-factor within-subjects analysis of variance?

A)A statistically significant Fobs is obtained with two levels of an independent variable.
B)A nonsignificant Fobs is obtained with two levels of an independent variable.
C)A nonsignificant Fobs is obtained with five levels of an independent variable.
D)A statistically significant Fobs is obtained with four levels of an independent variable.

Question 73

12-80 Practice effects and treatment carry-over effects refer to.

A)control procedures
B)control procedures
C)multiple treatment effects
D)between-subjects effects

Question 74

12-68

A).24
B).36
C).40
D).31