Question 1

Which enzyme is the target for inhibition by the NSAIDs?&#10;A) Cyclo-oxygenase&#10;B) Phospholipase A&#10;C) Adenylate cyclase&#10;D) 5-Lipoxygenase

Accepted Answer

NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) inhibit the enzyme cyclo-oxygenase (COX), which is responsible for the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. By inhibiting COX, NSAIDs reduce inflammation, pain, and fever.

Question 2

NSAIDs may not be suitable for use in individuals with renal impairment because they:&#10;A) increase sodium excretion.&#10;B) increase body temperature.&#10;C) reduce the glomerular filtration rate.&#10;D) reduce pepsin levels in the stomach.

Accepted Answer

NSAIDs can cause a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which can be particularly harmful in individuals with renal impairment. This can lead to impaired kidney function, accumulation of toxic metabolites, and electrolyte imbalances. Therefore, other pain management options should be considered for individuals with renal impairment.

Question 3

Describe the effects of prostaglandins on inflammation and pain.

Accepted Answer

They cause vasodilator and increased vascular permeability,augmenting the action of histamine and other pro-inflammatory mediators; they act on peripheral pain pathways to enhance transmission.

Question 4

Controlled-release preparations of ketoprofen should be taken ________ to improve the symptoms of arthritic pain.&#10;A) immediately after meals&#10;B) 15 minutes before physical activity&#10;C) at bedtime&#10;D) upon rising in the morning

Accepted Answer

Taking controlled-release preparations of ketoprofen at bedtime can help manage arthritic pain by providing relief throughout the night and into the morning, when symptoms can be more severe.

Question 5

Aspirin needs to be stopped approximately ________ before planned surgery and some complex dental procedures because of the possibility of increased bleeding.&#10;A) two days&#10;B) seven days&#10;C) two weeks&#10;D) seven weeks

Accepted Answer

Aspirin affects platelet function, which can increase the risk of bleeding. It is generally recommended to stop aspirin seven days before surgery or complex dental procedures to allow time for the effects on platelets to wear off and reduce the risk of excessive bleeding.

Question 6

The propionic acid derivatives ibuprofen and naproxen are useful for children suffering from inflammatory disease because they:&#10;A) are not metabolised in the liver.&#10;B) do not cause gastrointestinal problems.&#10;C) are available as oral liquids so that the exact dose can be administered.&#10;D) do not affect platelet aggregation.

Accepted Answer

The fact that ibuprofen and naproxen are available as oral liquids, which allows for the exact dose to be administered, makes them useful for children suffering from inflammatory disease. This is because children may have difficulty swallowing pills, and the correct dosage is crucial for effective treatment. Additionally, this answer is better than options A, B and D, which are not entirely true. Ibuprofen and naproxen are metabolized in the liver, can cause gastrointestinal problems, and affect platelet aggregation to some extent.

Question 7

Which micronutrient should be supplemented with methotrexate use?&#10;A) Folate&#10;B) Thiamin&#10;C) Riboflavin&#10;D) Pyridoxine

Accepted Answer

Methotrexate is a folate antagonist and can lead to folate deficiency. Therefore, folate supplementation is recommended to prevent adverse effects.

Question 8

Extreme diligence should be exercised in administering the correct dose of paracetamol to children because overdose can lead to:&#10;A) gastrointestinal bleeding.&#10;B) renal failure.&#10;C) inhibition of the hypothalamic control on temperature.&#10;D) liver damage.

Accepted Answer

Paracetamol overdose can cause liver damage because it is metabolized in the liver. This can lead to acute liver failure, which can be fatal. Therefore, it is important to administer the correct dosage and not exceed the recommended amount.

Question 9

The combined use of salicylates and corticosteroids may lead to ________ and should therefore be avoided.&#10;A) tinnitus&#10;B) renal failure&#10;C) peptic ulceration&#10;D) liver failure

Accepted Answer

The combined use of salicylates and corticosteroids increases the risk of peptic ulceration, which can lead to gastrointestinal bleeding and other complications. Therefore, this combination should be avoided. Tinnitus, renal failure, and liver failure are also possible side effects of these medications, but they are not specific to their combined use.

Question 10

Which individuals may be more susceptible to paracetamol overdose? Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which individuals may be more susceptible to...

Deck 40: Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Non-opioid Analgesic Agents