Question 1

Which of the following are considered adjuncts to peptic ulcer therapy? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Belladonna alkaloids&#10;B) Glycopyrrolate&#10;C) Alginates&#10;D) Ibuprofen

Accepted Answer

Belladonna alkaloids and glycopyrrolate are both considered adjuncts to peptic ulcer therapy as they can help reduce gastric acid secretion and relieve pain associated with ulcers. Alginates can also be helpful in creating a protective barrier between the stomach lining and gastric acid, but they are not always considered an adjunct therapy. Ibuprofen, on the other hand, is typically avoided in peptic ulcer therapy as it can further irritate the stomach lining and worsen ulcers.

Question 2

The use of cisapride in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal tract conditions is restricted due to its ability to produce:&#10;A) renal failure.&#10;B) liver failure.&#10;C) potentially life-threatening dysrhythmias.&#10;D) respiratory failure.

Accepted Answer

The use of cisapride is restricted due to its potential for producing potentially life-threatening dysrhythmias, particularly when used in combination with certain medications or in patients with underlying cardiac conditions. It is not known to cause renal failure, liver failure, or respiratory failure.

Question 3

Antacids containing aluminium and divalent ions can be problematic because they:&#10;A) make the gut too acidic.&#10;B) are known to induce Alzheimer's disease.&#10;C) interact with tetracycline antibiotics and inactivate them.&#10;D) form a viscous jelly that can obstruct the gastrointestinal tract.

Accepted Answer

Aluminium and divalent ions can interact with tetracycline antibiotics and inactivate them, reducing their effectiveness. This can lead to antibiotic resistance and the inability to treat infections effectively.

Question 4

Prostaglandin analogues used in the treatment of peptic ulcers:&#10;A) inhibit histamine production.&#10;B) inhibit acetylcholine production.&#10;C) inhibit acid production.&#10;D) stimulate mucus formation.

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandin analogues such as misoprostol are known to inhibit acid production in the stomach, which can help in the treatment of peptic ulcers. They do not inhibit histamine or acetylcholine production, and while they may stimulate mucus formation, this is not their primary mechanism of action for treating ulcers.

Question 5

How should histamine H?-receptor antagonists be administered in relation to food?&#10;A) They should be administered with food.&#10;B) They should be administered immediately following food.&#10;C) They can be administered with or without food.&#10;D) They should be administered two hours before food.

Accepted Answer

Histamine H₂-receptor antagonists can be administered with or without food as food does not significantly affect their absorption. However, taking them with food may help to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea or stomach upset. There is no need to administer them immediately following food or two hours before food.

Question 6

Several electrolytes can be used as antacids.Which of the following is least likely to be used for such a purpose?&#10;A) Sodium&#10;B) Calcium&#10;C) Potassium&#10;D) Magnesium

Accepted Answer

Potassium is least likely to be used as an antacid because it does not effectively neutralize stomach acid compared to sodium, calcium, and magnesium compounds.

Question 7

Which of the following can cause an increase in stomach acid secretion? Select all that apply.&#10;A) Chocolate&#10;B) Smoking&#10;C) Citrus&#10;D) Mild alcoholic drinks&#10;E) Acetaminophen

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following can cause an...

Question 8

Which of the following chemical mediators stimulates the production of mucus in the gastrointestinal tract and inhibits secretion of hydrochloric acid?&#10;A) Acetylcholine&#10;B) Histamine&#10;C) Gastrin&#10;D) Prostaglandin E

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandin E stimulates the production of mucus in the gastrointestinal tract and inhibits secretion of hydrochloric acid. Acetylcholine and histamine do not have these specific effects in the GI tract. Gastrin stimulates the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

Question 9

An example of a proton pump inhibitor is:&#10;A) misoprostol.&#10;B) ranitidine.&#10;C) astemizole.&#10;D) omeprazole.

Accepted Answer

Omeprazole is a commonly used proton pump inhibitor that reduces the amount of acid produced in the stomach by blocking the proton pump in the stomach lining. This helps to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Question 10

In order to determine the effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy,which of the following tests is usually performed?&#10;A) Gastroscopy&#10;B) Barium swallow&#10;C) Urea breath test&#10;D) Gastrointestinal biopsy

Accepted Answer

The urea breath test is the most accurate test for H. pylori eradication therapy. This test measures the amount of carbon dioxide a patient exhales after drinking a solution containing urea. If H. pylori is present, it will break down the urea and produce carbon dioxide, which can then be detected. Gastroscopy and gastrointestinal biopsy may be performed to diagnose H. pylori, but they are not typically used to determine the effectiveness of eradication therapy. Barium swallow is a radiologic imaging test that is not specific for H. pylori and is not typically used to evaluate eradication therapy.

Question 11

Omeprazole is an example of a:&#10;A) proton pump inhibitor.&#10;B) H? antagonist.&#10;C) prostaglandin analogue.&#10;D) cytoprotective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Omeprazole is an example of a:&#10;A) proton...

Question 12

Once ingested,how does sucralfate work?&#10;A) It neutralises stomach acid.&#10;B) It slows gastric emptying.&#10;C) It creates a paste-like substance to coat the gastric mucosa.&#10;D) It affects the proton pump.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Once ingested,how does sucralfate work?&#10;A) It neutralises...

Question 13

Prostaglandin analogues such as misoprostol are contraindicated in:&#10;A) clients also receiving the NSAID aspirin.&#10;B) pregnancy.&#10;C) conjunction with alcohol consumption.&#10;D) clients also receiving the NSAID indomethacin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prostaglandin analogues such as misoprostol are contraindicated...

Question 14

There have been no adverse effects reported with which medication?&#10;A) Simethicone&#10;B) Cisparide&#10;C) Cimetidine&#10;D) Nizatidine

Accepted Answer

The answer of There have been no adverse effects reported...

Question 15

The use of sodium bicarbonate alone as an antacid should be discouraged because it can:&#10;A) exacerbate pre-existing hypertension.&#10;B) lead to rebound acidosis.&#10;C) lead to the development of kidney stones.&#10;D) inactivate antimicrobial agents.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of sodium bicarbonate alone as...

Question 16

Ranitidine is an example of which class of medicines?&#10;A) Proton pump inhibitor&#10;B) H? antagonist&#10;C) Antacid&#10;D) Prostaglandin

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ranitidine is an example of which class...

Question 17

Which of the following pairs of proton pump inhibitors inhibit the cytochrome P450 system and have a number of clinically important drug interactions?&#10;A) Esomeprazole and omeprazole&#10;B) Rabeprazole and lansoprazole&#10;C) Lansoprazole and pantoprazole&#10;D) Esomeprazole and rabeprazole

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following pairs of proton...

Question 18

Explain how a hiatus hernia can cause gastric reflux.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how a hiatus hernia can cause...

Deck 55: Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Medicines