Question 1

What is a key difference between the common cold and influenza?&#10;A) Influenza is a respiratory tract infection.&#10;B) There is a vaccine for influenza.&#10;C) The symptom of a headache is typical of influenza only.&#10;D) The common cold can be treated with antiviral medications.

Accepted Answer

The key difference between the common cold and influenza is that there is a vaccine available for influenza, while there is no vaccine for the common cold. Additionally, while both illnesses present with similar symptoms, such as headache, fever, and cough, the severity and duration of symptoms are typically more severe with influenza. Antiviral medications are generally only effective for treating influenza, but not the common cold.

Question 2

Which one of the following are adverse effects of the influenza drug zanamivir?&#10;A) Nausea.&#10;B) Bronchospasm.&#10;C) Dyspnoea.&#10;D) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

Zanamivir, an antiviral medication used to treat influenza, can cause several adverse effects including nausea, bronchospasm, and dyspnoea, making all of the listed options correct.

Question 3

The action of reverse transcriptase,the enzyme used by retroviruses,is:&#10;A) transcription from DNA to RNA.&#10;B) blockage of transcription.&#10;C) increased transcription in the host cell.&#10;D) lysis of the host cell.

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme used by retroviruses that converts RNA into DNA by the process of reverse transcription. It does not block or increase transcription, nor does it cause lysis of the host cell. Therefore, the best choice is A - transcription from DNA to RNA.

Question 4

Which of the following reverse transcriptase inhibitors can cause pancreatitis?&#10;A) Didanosine&#10;B) Zidovudine&#10;C) Delavirdine&#10;D) Nevirapine

Accepted Answer

Didanosine has been associated with an increased risk of pancreatitis, especially in patients with a history of alcoholism or hypertriglyceridemia. The other reverse transcriptase inhibitors listed do not have a known association with pancreatitis.

Question 5

Which illnesses can be treated with acyclovir?&#10;A) Herpes simplex I&#10;B) Herpes zoster&#10;C) Varicella&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

Acyclovir can treat all of the above herpes virus infections. Herpes simplex I is a common cold sore, herpes zoster is commonly known as shingles, and varicella is the virus that causes chickenpox.

Question 6

The antiviral agents called neuraminidase inhibitors are useful in treating _________ infection.&#10;A) HIV/AIDS&#10;B) respiratory syncytial virus&#10;C) herpes&#10;D) influenza

Accepted Answer

Neuraminidase inhibitors are a type of antiviral medication that specifically target the neuraminidase protein found on the surface of the influenza virus. These drugs are effective in treating and preventing the flu.

Question 7

Viruses are best defined as:&#10;A) infectious agents.&#10;B) primitive bacteria.&#10;C) microorganisms.&#10;D) mycoplasma.

Accepted Answer

Viruses are infectious agent that cannot replicate on their own and need a host cell to reproduce. They are not considered microorganisms or bacteria as they are not technically living organisms and do not have the ability to carry out metabolic processes without a host cell. Mycoplasma is a type of bacteria, but not all viruses are mycoplasma.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect of HIV treatment with the viral protease inhibitor atazanavir?&#10;A) Photosensitivity&#10;B) Nausea or vomiting&#10;C) Diarrhoea&#10;D) Lipodystrophy

Accepted Answer

Photosensitivity is not a common adverse effect of atazanavir. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and lipodystrophy.

Question 9

The only recognised use of foscarnet is treatment of CMV:&#10;A) in otherwise healthy patients.&#10;B) in pregnant patients.&#10;C) in paediatric patients.&#10;D) secondary to HIV.

Accepted Answer

Foscarnet is primarily used for the treatment of CMV infection in patients with HIV/AIDS who have failed other treatments or who cannot tolerate other antiviral medications. It is not recommended as first-line treatment or for use in otherwise healthy patients, pregnant patients, or paediatric patients.

Question 10

The antiretroviral drug zidovudine belongs to the following group:&#10;A) protease inhibitors.&#10;B) fusion inhibitors.&#10;C) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.&#10;D) nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Accepted Answer

Zidovudine belongs to the group of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which work by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme needed for the replication of the virus that causes AIDS (HIV).

Question 11

Enteric-coated capsules of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor didanosine,which can inhibit the replication of the HIV virus,should be taken:&#10;A) on an empty stomach about 30 minutes before food.&#10;B) with the midday meal.&#10;C) with a fatty meal.&#10;D) with a glass of milk.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Enteric-coated capsules of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor...

Question 12

The DNA polymerase inhibitor aciclovir can suppress the symptoms of several viral infections except:&#10;A) chickenpox.&#10;B) herpes type I.&#10;C) measles.&#10;D) Epstein-Barr infections.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The DNA polymerase inhibitor aciclovir can suppress...

Deck 73: Antiviral Agents