Question 1

Tretinoin is closely related to which vitamin?&#10;A) Vitamin D&#10;B) Vitamin K&#10;C) Vitamin B&#10;D) Vitamin A

Accepted Answer

Tretinoin is a derivative of vitamin A and works by promoting skin cell turnover and increasing collagen production, which can improve the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and acne.

Question 2

Which of the following are NOT Classic cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents?&#10;A) Alkylating agents&#10;B) Colony stimulating factors&#10;C) Antibiotic-type cytotoxic agents&#10;D) Cell cycle-specific agents

Accepted Answer

Colony stimulating factors are not classic cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. They are used to stimulate the production and growth of blood cells in the body.

Question 3

Which of the following drug groups directly targets the intracellular cascade of reactions leading to proliferation and survival of cancerous cells?&#10;A) S-phase inhibitors&#10;B) Monoclonal antibodies&#10;C) Radioactive samarium&#10;D) Protein kinase inhibitors

Accepted Answer

Protein kinase inhibitors directly target the intracellular cascade of reactions leading to proliferation and survival of cancerous cells by blocking specific enzymes (protein kinases) involved in these pathways. S-phase inhibitors prevent DNA replication, monoclonal antibodies target specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells, and radioactive samarium targets bone metastases.

Question 4

Antibiotic-type cytotoxic agents such as doxorubicin and dactinomycin should only be administered:&#10;A) orally.&#10;B) intrathecally.&#10;C) subcutaneously.&#10;D) intravenously.

Accepted Answer

Antibiotic-type cytotoxic agents such as doxorubicin and dactinomycin should only be administered intravenously. This is because intravenous administration allows for direct delivery to the bloodstream, which maximizes exposure to the target cells while minimizing exposure to non-target tissues. Other routes of administration, such as oral or subcutaneous, may not achieve therapeutic levels in the bloodstream or may cause significant toxicity to non-target tissues. Intrathecal administration, on the other hand, is reserved for specific situations where the drug needs to be delivered directly to the cerebrospinal fluid, such as in the treatment of leukemia that has spread to the central nervous system.

Question 5

The stage of the cell cycle characterised by RNA synthesis and rapid growth is called the ________ phase.&#10;A) G1&#10;B) S&#10;C) G2&#10;D) M

Accepted Answer

The G1 phase is the first stage of interphase in the cell cycle, characterized by cell growth and RNA synthesis, preparing the cell for DNA replication.

Question 6

Why would erythropoietin be given to a patient undergoing cancer treatment?&#10;A) To counteract anaemia&#10;B) To minimise nausea&#10;C) To control pain&#10;D)To protect against bone loss

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells. Cancer treatment such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy can cause a decrease in red blood cell count (anaemia), leading to fatigue, weakness, and difficulty breathing. Erythropoietin may be given to patients undergoing cancer treatment to counteract this anaemia and improve their quality of life.

Question 7

Which is NOT an expected adverse effect of cytotoxic agents?&#10;A) Alopecia&#10;B) Weight gain&#10;C) Nausea&#10;D) Mucositis

Accepted Answer

Weight gain is not an expected adverse effect of cytotoxic agents. The other options, alopecia, nausea, and mucositis, are commonly associated with these agents.

Question 8

All vinca alkaloids are administered:&#10;A) orally.&#10;B) intravenously.&#10;C) intrathecally.&#10;D) intramuscularly.

Accepted Answer

Vinca alkaloids are administered intravenously. This is because they are highly toxic drugs that need to be given slowly to avoid serious side effects. Additionally, these drugs can cause tissue damage if injected outside of a vein, so administration via intramuscular and intrathecal routes is not recommended. Finally, oral administration of vinca alkaloids is not usually effective due to poor absorption and metabolism in the digestive system.

Question 9

Which of the following is a cell cycle specific cytotoxic drug group?&#10;A) Alkylating agents&#10;B) Vinca alkaloids&#10;C) Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues&#10;D) Cytotoxic antibiotics

Accepted Answer

Vinca alkaloids are cell cycle specific cytotoxic drugs that primarily target the M phase of the cell cycle, by inhibiting the formation of the spindle apparatus. Alkylating agents, cytotoxic antibiotics, and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues are not specifically cell cycle specific.

Deck 76: Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Agents