Deck 13: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Cognitive Restructuring

Question 1

The main difference between thought suppression and thought stopping is that thought suppression

A)uses a different punishment strategy for negative thoughts.
B)has a different paradigm of reinforcement.
C)is used to treat different types of negative thoughts.
D)can result in an increase of distressing thoughts.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The second phase of thought stopping

A)keeps the upsetting thought from returning.
B)is faded out over the course of treatment.
C)involves cognitive positive practice.
D)internalizes the therapist's verbal instruction.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The first phase of thought stopping involves

A)developing thought-awareness.
B)selecting alternative thoughts.
C)monitoring intrusive thoughts.
D)interrupting upsetting thoughts.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Cognitive restructuring therapy teaches clients to

A)suppress maladaptive cognitions.
B)verify self-indulging cognitions.
C)avoid active metacognition.
D)change erroneous cognitions.

Question 5

Cognitive restructuring involves recognizing maladaptive cognitions and

A)substituting more adaptive ones.
B)imagining positive/humorous details.
C)incorporating relevant distraction-prompts.
D)avoiding maintaining setting events.

Question 6

In cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitions are modified directly through

A)negative punishment.
B)social mediation.
C)cognitive intervention.
D)psychopharmacology.

Question 7

Cognitive-behavioral therapy modifies cognitions indirectly through

A)cognitive modeling techniques.
B)overt behavioral interventions.
C)covert extinction and reinforcement.
D)cognitive restructuring.

Question 8

All techniques for assessing cognitions are

A)self-report.
B)situation-specific.
C)observational.
D)unreliable.

Question 9

The purpose of the word "Stop" in thought stopping is to

A)make clients aware of what they are thinking.
B)interrupt a disturbing thought temporarily.
C)punish holding the disturbing thought.
D)associate the thought with a startle response.

Question 10

Procedures in which clients speak their thoughts into a tape recorder while engaging in some behavior are called _____ procedures.

A)automatic thinking
B)self-talk
C)cognitive scripting
D)think-aloud

Question 11

Cognitive-behavioral coping skills therapy teaches clients

A)the mediating effects of behavioral predispositions.
B)to avoid situations maintaining undesirable behavior.
C)to accept certain uncontrollable stresses.
D)adaptive responses to problematic situations.

Question 12

Thought stopping procedures interrupt intrusive thoughts and then

A)substitute them for pleasant ones.
B)engage the client in overt behaviors.
C)discuss specific content and meaning.
D)administer positive punishment.

Question 13

One example of cognition is

A)anger.
B)attitude.
C)malaise.
D)stress.

Question 14

Cognitive-behavioral coping skills therapy is used primarily with problems maintained by

A)an excess of maladaptive thoughts.
B)internalized, social expectations.
C)disabled cognitive processes.
D)a deficit in adaptive cognitions.

Question 15

One limitation of think-aloud procedures is

A)impression management.
B)low acceptability.
C)limited application.
D)high reactivity.

Question 16

Behavior therapists operationally define cognitions as

A)self-talk.
B)memory rehearsal.
C)image memory.
D)covert behavior.

Question 17

One major problem with asking clients about their cognitions is that

A)self-talk is too subjective.
B)people rarely think in words.
C)verbalization is inadequate.
D)few notice their self-talk.

Question 18

To access a client's cognitions, a behavior therapist would ask,

A)"What do you see in your mind-"
B)"What are you saying to yourself-"
C)"What are you thinking-"
D)"What are you remembering-"

Question 19

Cognitive-behavioral therapy changes cognitions that

A)maintain disorders and problems.
B)do not match social expectations.
C)are inherently negative.
D)promote self-criticism.

Question 20

Cognitive restructuring is used primarily with problems maintained by

A)fear and avoidance behaviors.
B)a deficit in adaptive cognitions.
C)an excess of maladaptive thoughts.
D)inadequate self-reinforcement.

Question 21

According to the rational emotive theory, psychological problems are created by

A)traumatic life events.
B)maladaptive interpretations.
C)cognitive impulsivity.
D)poor emotional regulation.

Question 22

Although thought stopping is not a well studied treatment, it is still widely used because of its

A)minimal risk.
B)theoretical fidelity.
C)recent invention.
D)empirical inaccessibility.

Question 23

Personal worthlessness is a form of _____ about failure.

A)catastrophizing
B)absolute thinking
C)overgeneralization
D)sense of duty

Question 24

REBT may be inappropriate for some cultures which

A)discourage emotional expression.
B)hold collectivist community values.
C)disagree with direct confrontation.
D)eschew environmental evidence.

Question 25

Catastrophizing involves

A)transferring emotion to an unrelated situation.
B)failing to appreciate any positive elements.
C)decreasing effort to minimize social risk.
D)blowing small events out of proportion.

Question 26

Overgeneralization is the

A)indiscriminant application of a mental heuristic.
B)assumption of consistency across situations.
C)errant distribution of situation-specific behavior.
D)expression of learning outside of therapy.

Question 27

Rational emotive behavior therapy was developed by

A)Epictetus.
B)Beck.
C)Meichenbaum.
D)Ellis.

Question 28

"I must get all As" is an example of

A)catastrophizing.
B)sense of duty.
C)social pressure.
D)overgeneralization.

Question 29

The two themes Ellis has identified in clients' irrational thoughts that lead to psychological problems are

A)catastrophizing and personal worthlessness.
B)sense of duty and absolute thinking.
C)sense of duty and personal worthlessness.
D)absolute thinking and catastrophizing.

Question 30

Absolute thinking is

A)failing to appreciate shades of gray.
B)missing the big picture for the details.
C)preferring the tangible and observable.
D)privileging thoughts over behavior.

Question 31

After identifying maintaining cognitions, the next step in REBT is to

A)challenge them.
B)dismiss them.
C)replace them.
D)punish them.

Question 32

The primary element of rational emotive behavior therapy is

A)emotional coping.
B)thought stopping.
C)cognitive restructuring.
D)imaginal exposure.

Question 33

_____ involves modifying a disturbing thought so that it is more tolerable or even pleasant.

A)Thought suppression
B)Cognitive restructuring
C)Imagery rescripting
D)Cognitive role-playing

Question 34

The major procedural change made to REBT in the development of rational emotive education is a

A)shorter treatment time.
B)less confrontational focus.
C)focus on cognitive elements.
D)broader philosophical application.

Question 35

The distinguishing element of rational emotive behavior therapy is its

A)empirical approach.
B)belief substitution.
C)emotional focus.
D)confrontational method.

Question 36

Musturbation refers to

A)overgeneralization.
B)absolute thinking.
C)maladaption.
D)sense of duty.

Question 37

Rational emotive education teaches the difference between

A)maintaining and neutral situations.
B)reality and beliefs.
C)inference and assumption.
D)emotions and thoughts.

Question 38

With the Expression Guessing Game, clients learn

A)to ask others what they are feeling.
B)reliable behavioral cues for emotion.
C)how to communicate their feelings.
D)appropriate ways to demonstrate emotion.

Question 39

Rational emotive education was adapted from rational emotive behavior therapy in order to better serve

A)clinical populations
B)inpatient populations.
C)young populations.
D)cognitively-impaired populations.

Question 40

Cognitive therapy was developed by

A)Meichenbaum.
B)Beck.
C)Davison.
D)Ellis.

Question 41

Thinking that you will become president despite dropping out of high school is one example of

A)arbitrary inference.
B)selective abstraction.
C)minimalization.
D)overgeneralization.

Question 42

Graded task assignments are most similar to

A)role-playing.
B)prompting.
C)modeling.
D)shaping.

Question 43

To challenge irrational beliefs, cognitive therapy uses

A)hypothesis testing.
B)self-evaluation.
C)logical disputation.
D)philosophical explanation.

Question 44

Cognitive therapy was developed initially to treat

A)phobias.
B)depression.
C)anxiety.
D)posttraumatic stress.

Question 45

Deciding that your best friend is evil after learning that she doesn't agree with your politics is one example of

A)overgeneralization.
B)polarized thinking.
C)selective abstraction.
D)personalization.

Question 46

Which of the following would be most useful for clients who believe there is nothing in their lives worthwhile-

A)Mastery and pleasure rating
B)Activity scheduling
C)Graded task assignments
D)Reattribution of responsibility

Question 47

Believing that Spain is a rude country because your Spanish exchange student is rude is one example of

A)overgeneralization.
B)selective abstraction.
C)dichotomous thinking.
D)minimization.

Question 48

In cognitive therapy, the designing and carrying out homework assignments to test the validity of automatic thoughts is known as

A)decatastrophizing.
B)graded task assignments.
C)activity scheduling.
D)collaborative empiricism.

Question 49

Reattribution of responsibility is used for when clients

A)habitually blame others for their mistakes.
B)have poor social lives due to work stress.
C)are motivated by feelings of personal inadequacy.
D)believe they control an uncontrollable situation.

Question 50

In addition to cognitive restructuring, cognitive therapy employs

A)thought stopping.
B)overt-behavioral interventions.
C)active persuasion.
D)psychopharmacology.

Question 51

Thinking that the national newscasters are speaking directly to you is one example of

A)overgeneralization.
B)magnification.
C)arbitrary inference.
D)personalization.

Question 52

Beck calls maladaptive cognitions

A)invalid hypotheses.
B)absolute thoughts.
C)negative ideology.
D)automatic thoughts.

Question 53

Believing that you have a brain tumor because you often feel tired in the morning is one example of

A)personalization.
B)polarized thinking.
C)arbitrary inference.
D)selective abstraction.

Question 54

Cognitive therapists help clients recognize dysfunctional beliefs through

A)Socratic dialogue.
B)projection analysis.
C)implicit attitude tests.
D)role-playing.

Question 55

Overt behavioral interventions are likely to be used when the client is

A)severely depressed.
B)in fact correct.
C)not easily persuaded.
D)a child/adolescent.

Question 56

Cognitive therapy is similar to REBT in that they both seek to

A)engender specific coping mechanisms.
B)reduce metacognitive behaviors.
C)improve overall social skills.
D)modify maladaptive cognitions.

Question 57

Automatic thoughts are Beck's term for

A)intrusive emotions.
B)irrational cognitions.
C)unconscious behaviors.
D)instinctual drives.

Question 58

Automatic thoughts are so-called because they are

A)unconscious.
B)prompted.
C)uncontrolled.
D)unwanted.

Question 59

Decatastrophizing is a specific form of reattribution used when clients

A)experience personal loss.
B)often catastrophize mistakes.
C)anticipate ominous outcomes.
D)imagine past misfortune.

Question 60

A three-column technique is used in cognitive therapy for

A)activity planning.
B)logic analysis.
C)social-skills training.
D)problem solving.

Question 61

Schema dialogue is one technique used to achieve the goal of

A)solidifying the therapist-client relationship.
B)distancing the client from the schema.
C)exploring present maintaining conditions for the schema.
D)explaining the behavior therapy process to the client.

Question 62

_____ are blatantly false beliefs that people continue to hold despite contrary evidence.

A)Schemas
B)Delusions
C)Absolute thoughts
D)Hallucinations

Question 63

Treating auditory hallucinations with cognitive therapy involves challenging the content and _____ of hallucinatory voices.

A)application
B)value
C)interpretation
D)source

Question 64

Cognitive processing therapy was developed by Patricia Resick as an adaptation of cognitive therapy for treating

A)personality disorders.
B)severe depression.
C)trauma and stress disorders.
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 65

The philosophical position that people make their own realities is known as

A)subjectivism.
B)constructivism.
C)relative realism.
D)solipsism.

Question 66

One important effect of cognitive therapy treatment for schizophrenia is a

A)reduction in suicidal ideation.
B)shortened treatment time.
C)decrease in medication use.
D)higher rate of socialization.

Question 67

In treating schizophrenic delusions with cognitive therapy, the therapist will

A)assess the strength of belief in the delusion.
B)vigorously challenge the veracity of delusions.
C)avoid establishing close relationships with clients.
D)wean the client off pharmacological interventions.

Question 68

A _____ is a broad, pervasive cognitive theme.

A)automatic thought
B)schema
C)cognition
D)self-statement

Question 69

In schema-focused cognitive therapy, after identification, the schema is next

A)contradicted with therapist action.
B)made the target of a treatment plan.
C)explained in terms of maintaining conditions.
D)tested for strength of emotional response.

Question 70

Life review is a process where clients

A)use evidence to support and contradict their schema.
B)investigate probable initiating causes.
C)explore topics eliciting emotional responses.
D)create alternate interpretations of relevant events.

Question 71

_____ are false sensory perceptions that people experience as real.

A)Delusions
B)Polarized thoughts
C)Absolute thoughts
D)Hallucinations

Question 72

Cognitive processing therapy combines elements of cognitive therapy and

A)psychoanalysis.
B)REBT.
C)response cost.
D)exposure.