Deck 9: Combining Reinforcement and Punishment: Token Economy, Contingency Contract, and Behavioral Parent Training

Question 1

Tokens are likely reinforcing because

A)they are associated with backup reinforcers.
B)clients are familiar with monetary systems.
C)of their inherent value to a particular client.
D)token economies encourage competition among clients.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

At the Community Training Center, trainees' filled out their own credit cards to

A)engender monetary skills.
B)reduce staff burdens.
C)practice self-reinforcement.
D)develop social conscience.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

At the Community Training Center, the number of credits awarded contingent upon a specific behavior would be modified if the

A)trainees refused to spend their tokens.
B)tokens ceased to serve as reinforcers.
C)backup reinforcers lost their potency.
D)trainee had difficulty with the behavior.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

At the Community Training Center, the purpose of the token economy was to

A)reinforce productive work in a sheltered workshop.
B)motivate trainees to develop independent living skills.
C)decelerate the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
D)simulate an independent living environment.

Question 5

At the Community Training Center, trainees earned credits primarily for

A)improving job performance.
B)decreasing medication dosages.
C)demonstrating independent living skills.
D)minimizing positive symptomology.

Question 6

At the Community Training Center, credit cost of backup reinforcers reflected the

A)therapeutic benefit of the activities.
B)client's personal valuations.
C)self-reported behavioral frequencies.
D)the client's level in the credit system.

Question 7

One basic element of a token economy is a list of backup reinforcers, including

A)who is eligible for which contingencies.
B)a schedule for when each contingency is active.
C)variations in schedules of reinforcement.
D)the token cost of each available item.

Question 8

Achievement Place was run by

A)police officers.
B)teaching parents.
C)behavior therapists.
D)school teachers.

Question 9

Achievement Place was

A)created to treat intellectual disability.
B)based on the teaching-family model.
C)modeled after the Community Training Center.
D)founded to teach job skills.

Question 10

At the Community Training Center, the area in which clients could engage in various pleasurable activities was called the

A)Relaxation Station.
B)Crediteria.
C)Reinforcement Room.
D)Social Hall.

Question 11

Clients obtain backup reinforcers by

A)spending acquired tokens.
B)passing regular checkups.
C)attending therapy sessions.
D)assisting other clients.

Question 12

The Community Training Center was a _____ program.

A)home-style residual
B)daytime outpatient
C)inpatient hospital
D)employment training

Question 13

One basic element of a token economy is a list of acceleration and deceleration target behaviors, including

A)to whom each item applies.
B)under what conditions the rules are in effect.
C)the specific token-behavior contingencies.
D)end-of-therapy performance expectations.

Question 14

Achievement Place : _____ :: Community Training Center : credits.

A)points
B)stickers
C)money
D)holiday

Question 15

At the Community Training Center, a trainee would most likely pay more credits to _____ than to _____.

A)play checkers; read
B)play table tennis; watch TV
C)read; watch TV
D)read; play checkers

Question 16

One example of a token is a

A)compliment.
B)vacation.
C)sticker.
D)basketball.

Question 17

Token economies are used most often with

A)outpatient clientele.
B)individuals.
C)groups of clients.
D)resistant conditions.

Question 18

At the Community Training Center, maladaptive behaviors were decelerated by

A)assigning them credit costs.
B)suspending spending rights.
C)extinction or overcorrection.
D)banning social activities.

Question 19

The token economy at the Community Training Center was called the

A)behavioral program.
B)credit system.
C)motivation therapy.
D)contingency guide.

Question 20

The first modern token economy was developed by

A)Wolpe.
B)Maconochie.
C)Lancaster.
D)Ayllon and Azrin.

Question 21

One weakness of Achievement Place is the

A)poor long-term maintenance.
B)limited application.
C)difficulty training staff.
D)financial cost.

Question 22

Two major goals of behavioral parent training are

A)investment and intent.
B)attitude and attention.
C)symptom reduction and acceptance.
D)clarity and consistency.

Question 23

A teacher discontinues a successful token economy after 6 weeks.Behavioral gains observed in students at the end of treatment can be expected to

A)remain the same.
B)decline.
C)stop completely.
D)increase.

Question 24

The merit system at Achievement Place served to

A)decelerate insubordination.
B)separate peers by age.
C)shift to natural reinforcers.
D)assign authoritative ranks.

Question 25

Parents of noncompliant and disruptive children are frequently

A)vague in their behavioral instructions.
B)depressed and/or impassive.
C)reliant on punishment procedures.
D)inattentive to their child's needs.

Question 26

Planned activity scheduling changes

A)aversive conditions.
B)behavioral contingencies.
C)setting events.
D)reinforcement schedules

Question 27

Behavior therapists indirectly change the behavior of noncompliant children by directly changing the

A)size of reinforcers.
B)parent's behavior.
C)types of punishers.
D)child's interpretations.

Question 28

Behavioral parent training was developed by

A)Ayllon and Azrin.
B)Patterson and Forehand.
C)Phillips, Wolf, and Fixsen.
D)Spiegler and Agigian.

Question 29

One strategy for improving maintenance of treatment gains is to

A)initiate treatment as early as possible.
B)increase the size of reinforcers.
C)directly punish deviant behaviors.
D)shift to natural reinforcers.

Question 30

To prepare boys for their return home, Achievement Place utilized

A)selective extinction.
B)cognitive restructuring.
C)the merit system.
D)booster sessions.

Question 31

The token economy at Achievement Place initially reinforced boys on a

A)daily system.
B)weekly system.
C)bi-weekly system.
D)monthly system.

Question 32

Individual token reinforcement programs for those with intellectual disabilities are most likely used for

A)language-skill development.
B)aggressive behaviors.
C)polarized depression.
D)academic deficits.

Question 33

For token economies in the classroom, as children get older

A)backup reinforcers must be administered at home.
B)tangible reinforcers much be switched to social reinforcers.
C)academic reinforcers become more potent.
D)reinforcement should be augmented with response cost.

Question 34

The recidivism observed in many Achievement Place alumni is attributed to

A)antisocial personalities.
B)improvident procedures.
C)changes in reinforcement contingencies.
D)therapeutic resistance.

Question 35

A contingency contract serves to

A)identify potential reinforcers.
B)limit the frequency of therapist intervention.
C)bind individuals to their therapy initiatives.
D)delineate behavior/consequence relationships.

Question 36

Behavioral parent training assumes that a child's noncompliant behaviors are the result of poor

A)emotional regulation.
B)developmental progress.
C)parent-child interaction.
D)executive control.

Question 37

Behavior therapists using behavioral parent training view children's noncompliant and disruptive behaviors as a function of

A)children's low self-esteem.
B)parental marital difficulties.
C)problematic parent-child interactions.
D)poor attentional control.