Deck 2: Antecedents of Contemporary Behavior Therapy

Question 1

Employee reception of the token economy at Anna State Hospital in the 1950s is best characterized as

A)outright rejection.
B)reluctance and resistance.
C)cautious optimism.
D)acceptance and praise.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The formal, systematic application of behavior therapy began around

A)1930.
B)1940.
C)1950.
D)1960.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Behavior therapy emerged, in part, due to the

A)open-mindedness of the era in which it developed.
B)over-reliance on psychiatric medications.
C)growing discontent with psychoanalysis.
D)availability of financial support for research.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Eysenck played a major role in the growth of behavior therapy by

A)promoting the therapy in America and the United Kingdom.
B)investigating the effectiveness of insight therapies.
C)developing therapies from Skinner's animal-work.
D)introducing behavior therapy to the hospital setting.

Question 5

Pavlov's critical contribution to behavior therapy was his

A)systematic account of classical conditioning.
B)application of operant procedures.
C)public criticism of insight therapy.
D)influence on Watson.

Question 6

Joseph Wolpe is sometimes referred to as the founder of behavior therapy, in part because he developed

A)the token economy.
B)reinforcement therapy.
C)systematic desensitization.
D)modeling therapy.

Question 7

The only major approach to psychotherapy until about 1950 was

A)existential therapy.
B)client-centered therapy.
C)insight therapy.
D)action therapy.

Question 8

Behavior therapists overcame the early widespread resistance to behavior therapy by

A)setting up large-scale treatment centers around the country.
B)arguing that behavior therapy was similar to insight therapy.
C)attacking the theoretical foundations of psychoanalysis.
D)demonstrating the effectiveness of behavior therapy.

Question 9

The term behavior therapy was probably coined by

A)Skinner.
B)Eysenck.
C)Lindsley.
D)Watson.

Question 10

The school of psychology on which behavior therapy is largely based is

A)behaviorism.
B)structuralism.
C)Gestalt psychology.
D)psychoanalysis.

Question 11

An early, relevant investigation of a treatment for phobias was performed by

A)Watson.
B)Jones.
C)Thorndike.
D)Pavlov.

Question 12

One reason behavior therapy has "a long past but a short history" is that early examples

A)were generally ineffective treatments.
B)haphazardly mixed multiple techniques.
C)often employed unethical procedures.
D)had no real influence on its development.

Question 13

Behaviorism was founded by

A)Jones.
B)Thorndike.
C)Skinner.
D)Watson.

Question 14

Which of the following terms was shown to raise ethical concerns-

A)Experimental control
B)Controlling variables
C)Contingency Manipulation
D)Behavior modification

Question 15

Skeletal Muscle Relaxation as a treatment for tension was developed by

A)Mower and Mower.
B)Jacobson.
C)Thorndike.
D)Watson.

Question 16

Demonstrations by Ayllon in the late 1950s served to

A)question existing explanations for behavioral symptoms.
B)show that behaviors cannot be influenced by reinforcement.
C)suggest learning as a cause for schizophrenia.
D)highlight the poor conditions of psychiatric hospitals.

Question 17

To change simple behaviors of adults hospitalized with psychiatric disorders, Lindsley used

A)desensitization.
B)reinforcement.
C)talk-therapy.
D)modeling.

Question 18

A bell and pad treatment for enuresis was developed by

A)Mower and Mower.
B)Jacobson.
C)Thorndike.
D)Jones.

Question 19

Ethical concerns that arose during the formative years of behavior therapy may have resulted from

A)increased concerns about external control.
B)early therapists' inadequate training.
C)inefficacy of early procedures.
D)the radical departure from existing therapies.

Question 20

The first contemporary token economy was established in 1961 by

A)Lindsley.
B)Mowrer and Mowrer.
C)Lazarus.
D)Ayllon and Azrin.

Question 21

Bandura's social learning theory emphasized

A)economic models of behavior.
B)the role of cognitions.
C)an evolutionary foundation.
D)classical conditioning.

Question 22

Following both classical and operant conditioning, _____ learning was a third major approach that influenced behavior therapy.

A)latent
B)cognitive
C)passive
D)observational

Question 23

One trend apparent at the end of the 20th century was the

A)increased emphasis on empirical validity.
B)dismissal of purely operant techniques.
C)syncretism of insight and action therapies.
D)disenchantment with cognitive therapy

Question 24

A major development for behavior therapy during the 1980s was the

A)Code of Ethical Conduct.
B)contribution to behavioral medicine.
C)founding of behavior therapy journals.
D)foray of cognitive therapy.

Question 25

The Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy was established in

A)1953.
B)1966.
C)1974.
D)1982.