Deck 11: Substance-Related Disorders

Question 1

Judd has been drinking heavily for a number of years. When he is not drinking, he experiences profuse sweating and shakes. This indicates that Judd

A) has an organic impairment.
B) has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol.
C) cannot be diagnosed with substance dependence.
D) has developed a tolerance for alcohol.

Answer 1

has withdrawal symptoms when he abstains from alcohol.

Question 2

The typical course of alcohol-related disorder

A) is always a continuous and gradual decline.
B) is a rapid decline followed by abstinence.
C) is a gradual decline followed by increasing physical problems.
D) is varied but often progresses from early to late stage disorder.

Answer 2

is varied but often progresses from early to late stage disorder.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why women tend to not "hold their booze" as well as men?

A) Women tend to eat less.
B) Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men.
C) Women usually drink more quickly than men.
D) Women tend to drink mixed drinks, while men prefer beer.

Answer 3

Women metabolize alcohol less quickly than men.

Question 4

Of the following, who is most likely to be an alcoholic?

A) A woman with no criminal history
B) A woman with multiple children
C) A male with a personality disorder
D) A male with multiple children

Question 5

Observed changes in drinking patterns suggest that in the future

A) the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will increase.
B) the ratio of male to female problem drinkers will decrease.
C) the proportion of blacks that are problem drinkers will increase.
D) the proportion of blacks that are problem drinkers will decrease.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a misconception about alcohol?

A) A person with a strong will cannot become an alcoholic.
B) Alcohol can interfere with sleep.
C) Mixing different types of alcohol makes people more drunk than the same amount of a single type.
D) Drinking coffee counteracts the effects of alcohol.

Question 7

Henry used to become intoxicated after six drinks. Now he needs ten or twelve to get the same effect. This is an example of

A) a psychoactive substance abuse disorder.
B) tolerance.
C) withdrawal symptoms.
D) an organic impairment.

Question 8

Passing out from a high blood level of alcohol

A) may actually be a safety device.
B) means a person has not yet developed tolerance.
C) means that a person's blackouts have worsened and increased over time.
D) may be the result of an allergic reaction to alcohol.

Question 9

Cirrhosis of the liver

A) is a rare complication of alcoholism.
B) is due to an allergic-type reaction of the body to alcohol.
C) is caused by overworking the liver trying to assimilate large amounts of alcohol.
D) is debilitating but rarely fatal.

Question 10

Why does it make sense to view addiction as a mental disorder?

A) The symptoms reflect behaviors that involve the pathological need for a substance.
B) The most effective treatments are psychological.
C) Neurochemical imbalances underlie the problematic behaviors observed.
D) Substance abuse frequently develops in an attempt to self-medicate negative mood states.

Question 11

Which of the following is a consequence of organic impairment resulting from long- term substance use, as opposed to being a consequence of drug toxicity?

A) Alcohol amnestic disorder
B) Alcoholic intoxication
C) Amphetamine delusional disorder
D) Cannabis delirium

Question 12

Which mental disorder is most commonly comorbid with alcoholism?

A) Panic disorder
B) Obsessive compulsive disorder
C) Dissociative amnesia
D) Major depressive disorder

Question 13

Unlike psychoactive substance abuse, psychoactive substance dependence usually involves

A) physiological symptoms such as tolerance and withdrawal.
B) continued use despite social and occupational problems.
C) pathological use of the substance.
D) the use of substances that laws prohibit one from buying or using.

Question 14

At low levels, alcohol's effect on the brain is ; at higher levels, alcohol's effect is .

A) to inhibit glutamate an excitatory neurotransmitter); release opium-like endorphins
B) too minimal to have an impact; massive and excitatory
C) depressive; excitatory
D) to activate the brain's "pleasure centers"; depress brain functioning

Question 15

Which of the following is a diagnosis found in the DSM-IV-TR?

A) Alcoholism
B) Alcoholic Syndrome Disorder
C) Substance-Interdependence Disorder
D) Substance-Dependence Disorder

Question 16

Which of the following statements about alcohol problems is accurate?

A) The lifetime prevalence for alcoholism in the United States is about 30 percent.
B) The average life span of an alcoholic is twelve years shorter than the average citizen.
C) Although alcohol impairs motor behavior, it does not lower performance on complex cognitive tasks.
D) Alcohol abuse is a "pure" disorder, with less than 5 percent of alcohol abusers having a coexisting mental disorder.

Question 17

Alcohol's effects on explain its ability to impair judgment.

A) dopamine
B) epinephrine
C) glutamate
D) endogenous opioids

Question 18

The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms

A) indicates that substance abuse has developed.
B) is necessary for a diagnosis of substance abuse.
C) is seen when use of any psychoactive substance is terminated.
D) signals that the body has adjusted to the presence of the drug.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true about alcohol use?

A) Alcoholism is extremely serious but rarely fatal.
B) Alcoholism is more common in women that in men.
C) Alcoholism increases the risk of suicide.
D) Alcoholism is strongly associated with accidental death, but not with violent acts.

Question 20

What evidence is there that the legal definition of alcohol intoxication a blood alcohol content of 0.08) should be changed?

A) Most alcohol-related accidents occurs at much lower blood alcohol levels.
B) Most alcohol-related accidents occur at much higher blood alcohol levels.
C) Few people show any impairment at this blood alcohol level.
D) Judgment becomes impaired long before this blood alcohol level is reached.

Question 21

Your text describes two commonly recognized psychotic reactions to alcohol. They are

A) alcoholic tolerance and alcoholic withdrawal.
B) what used to be called "alcohol dependence" and "alcohol withdrawal."
C) what used to be called "delirium tremens" and "Korsakoff's psychosis."
D) alcohol intoxication and alcohol amnestic disorder.

Question 22

The "alcohol flush reaction"

A) is seen during alcohol withdrawal.
B) produces a spike in blood pressure and body temperature.
C) results from an inability to metabolize alcohol.
D) might explain the reduced rate of alcoholism seen among Native American peoples.

Question 23

James has two alcoholic parents. Research suggests that his risk for alcoholism is

A) nearly 100 percent.
B) greater than if he had one alcoholic parent.
C) no greater than if he had one alcoholic parent.
D) about 10 percent higher than if he had no alcoholic parents.

Question 24

Men who are at high risk for becoming alcoholics

A) experience more pleasure when they ingest alcohol than nonalcoholic men.
B) experience greater lessening of feelings of stress after alcohol consumption than nonalcoholic men.
C) tend to be more impulsive than the general population.
D) respond less dramatically to alcohol related-cues than nonalcoholic men.

Question 25

Betty was admitted to the hospital in a state of withdrawal from alcohol. She was diagnosed with alcohol withdrawal delirium formerly known as delirium tremens). She most likely showed which of the following behaviors?

A) Delusions of grandeur and an inability to get to sleep
B) Disorientation for time and place and vivid hallucinations
C) Severe memory deficit and the tendency to falsify reporting events confabulation)
D) Prolonged sleep followed by convulsions and heart failure

Question 26

Which of the following is a common personality characteristic of those who later abuse alcohol?

A) overly sensitive to the feelings of others
B) high tolerance for frustration
C) strong need for praise and admiration
D) over-certainty of ability to fulfill expected gender roles

Question 27

When John stopped drinking after his last week-long binge, he became very ill. He was disoriented, hallucinating, and paranoid. John seems to be experiencing

A) a severe hangover.
B) alcohol withdrawal delirium.
C) alcohol amnestic disorder.
D) alcohol-induced psychosis.

Question 28

One limitation on the findings of genetic influences on alcoholism is that

A) not enough research has been done using twins.
B) there are so many cultural differences in the use of alcohol that it blurs the genetic differences.
C) there have not been enough studies of the majority of children of alcoholics those who do not become alcoholics).
D) there has been too much of a focus on the study of the nonalcoholic children of alcoholics.

Question 29

Studies of the genetics of alcoholism

A) have not provided support for the notion that a susceptibility to alcoholism can be inherited.
B) are not able to determine if the tendency of alcoholism to "run in families" is a result of environmental or biological factors.
C) suggest that an inherited altered sensitivity to alcohol might create a vulnerability to alcohol abuse.
D) have identified the gene that causes alcoholism.

Question 30

Korsakoff's psychosis is now known as

A) alcoholic withdrawal.
B) alcohol withdrawal delirium.
C) delirium tremens.
D) alcohol amnestic disorder.

Question 31

Which of the following men has an alcohol-risk personality?

A) Tim, who is shy, anxious, and withdrawn.
B) Brian, who is organized, detail-oriented, and ambitious.
C) Sean, who is impulsive, risk-taking, and poor at planning.
D) Art, who is frequently depressed and has a low level of self-esteem.

Question 32

The central feature of alcohol amnestic disorder is

A) the presence of hallucinations.
B) a deep sleep, following which the individual has no memory of past events.
C) acute fear and extreme suggestibility.
D) a memory defect for recent events.

Question 33

Rates of alcoholism among Asian populations are than among European peoples. This fact may be related to .

A) higher; genetic differences in the sensitivity of the MCLP
B) higher; genetic differences in the ability to metabolize alcohol
C) lower; religious differences in the acceptability of alcohol
D) lower; a mutant enzyme that leads to hypersensitive reactions to alcohol

Question 34

What is the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway MCLP)?

A) It is the area of the brain that is activated by drugs and that produces euphoria.
B) It is the area of the brain that is destroyed by alcohol and leads to amnestic disorder.
C) It metabolizes all psychoactive drugs.
D) It explains why genetically vulnerable individuals have altered brain wave patterns.

Question 35

All drugs that people become dependent upon

A) are socially acceptable.
B) act on pleasure pathways in the brain.
C) provide the user with renewed energy.
D) produce withdrawal symptoms when use is ceased.

Question 36

Concerning the causes of alcoholism,

A) there are probably several different patterns of causes associated with several different types of alcohol dependence.
B) there is strong evidence that individuals at risk for alcohol dependence inherit a faulty metabolism.
C) most research evidence points to genetic liability as the primary cause of alcohol dependence in men, but not in women.
D) the causes of alcohol dependence are primarily psychosocial rather than biological in nature.

Question 37

Alcoholic psychosis may occur due to

A) low thiamine levels.
B) decreased GABA levels.
C) high opioid levels.
D) impaired serotonergic functioning.

Question 38

Bertha has been drinking to excess for many years. She is malnourished. This is because

A) alcohol has few calories.
B) alcohol impairs the body's ability to utilize nutrients.
C) alcoholism impairs her ability to choose healthy foods.
D) alcoholism causes people to lose their appetites.

Question 39

Malnutrition

A) does not occur in alcoholics as alcohol provides both calories and nutrients.
B) only occurs when alcoholics are destitute and not able to afford to purchase food.
C) may occur in alcoholics as alcohol interferes with the body's ability to use nutrients.
D) is rare among alcoholics as alcohol is most commonly consumed with food.

Question 40

Heavy drinking during pregnancy, especially the early part, often causes

A) Down syndrome in the child.
B) incomplete fusion of the spinal canal in the child.
C) aggressiveness and withdrawal in the child.
D) premature birth and higher rates of still-births.

Question 41

An example of a moderating influence would be

A) the effect of time on outcome expectancy about alcohol.
B) a wife enabling her husband to continue drinking by making excuses for him.
C) a gene that reduces the chances of a person becoming an alcoholic.
D) the impact of therapy on the divorce and suicide rates of alcoholics.

Question 42

Which parenting skill or parental behavior is most associated with adolescent substance use?

A) Overindulging children by giving them too many gifts and privileges
B) Restricting children from any form of experimentation with alcohol and other drugs
C) Restricting the expression of positive emotions
D) Lack of monitoring the adolescent's activities

Question 43

Binge drinking in college

A) is not as common as most people think.
B) leads to alcoholism later in life.
C) can lead to many alcohol-related health and life problems.
D) leads to more problems for men than women.

Question 44

Persons at high risk for developing alcohol-related problems tend to be more than those at low risk.

A) impulsive
B) vain
C) dependent
D) submissive

Question 45

According to the tension-reduction explanation for alcoholism,

A) alcoholics drink more as they are under greater stress.
B) all those who experience stress-reduction following alcohol consumption are at an increased risk for alcoholism.
C) alcoholics do not get "high" when they drink, they merely experience a decrease in negative mood states.
D) alcohol's ability to alleviate tension should be enhanced in those with a genetic susceptibility to alcoholism.

Question 46

What complicates the use of Antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism?

A) While it lessens cravings, it does nothing to improve negative mood states.
B) There is a risk of dependence.
C) It has to be administered intravenously.
D) Exposure to all alcohol must be avoided.

Question 47

Which statement about alcohol abuse disorders and other psychological disorders is accurate?

A) Since alcohol has a negative effect on neurotransmitters, it is extremely rare for people with schizophrenia to become alcohol or drug dependent.
B) Since alcohol has an anti-anxiety effect, most of the people who are alcohol dependent and have another disorder suffer from generalized anxiety disorder.
C) The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is antisocial personality disorder.
D) The personality disorder most often associated with alcohol abuse is obsessive- compulsive personality disorder.

Question 48

Bill is an alcoholic. His wife, Marge, has a lot of ready excuses she uses to explain to his boss, their friends, and their children to explain his frequent absences. This is an example of

A) how marriages of alcoholics often last a long time.
B) why treatment needs to include identifying factors that may encourage drinking.
C) how marriage can increase the risk of alcoholism.
D) why most alcoholics rate their marriages as successful.

Question 49

The reciprocal influence model of alcohol use suggests that

A) expectancies of social benefit can influence adolescents to begin or to continue drinking.
B) the final common pathway of alcohol use is motivation.
C) alcoholics are especially intolerant of stress, and thus susceptible to the tension- reducing properties of alcohol.
D) marital partners may enable one another to continue drinking.

Question 50

The tension-reduction model of alcoholism

A) does not explain why some excessive drinkers are able to maintain control over their drinking while others are not.
B) suggests that alcoholism is environmentally determined.
C) proposes that alcoholism is an incurable disease.
D) provides an explanation for the role that personality traits play in the development of alcohol abuse.

Question 51

Problematic drinking behavior commonly develops during

A) a period of great success in an individual's life.
B) old age.
C) crisis periods in a marriage or other intimate personal relationship.
D) the transition to middle age.

Question 52

Why might opiate antagonists be used in the treatment of alcoholism?

A) To minimize withdrawal
B) To minimize cravings
C) To make alcohol aversive
D) To prevent alcohol from acting on the brain's reward system

Question 53

Which of the following countries has the highest per capita rate of alcohol consumption?

A) Argentina
B) France
C) Germany
D) United States

Question 54

The reciprocal influence model is best described as a explanation for teen drinking.

A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) psychodynamic
D) sociocultural

Question 55

Rosa comes to you for treatment of her alcohol abuse. You suspect that she might have some other Axis I disorder as well. Why is it important for you to evaluate her Axis I status?

A) Treating another Axis I disorder, when present along with alcohol abuse, usually clears up the excessive drinking as well.
B) Her genetic liability may be much stronger if the alcohol abuse is the only Axis I disorder.
C) The other disorder should be treated first.
D) The co-occurrence of another mental disorder has a very significant effect on treatment outcome.

Question 56

The reciprocal influence model suggests that

A) teens will start drinking early no matter what.
B) it may be possible to interrupt the cycle by changing expectancies about drinking.
C) it would be hard to interrupt the cycle because most teens' expectancies about drinking are accurate.
D) even with different expectancies, teens still drink.

Question 57

Which of the following is the most significant barrier to getting an alcoholic into treatment?

A) The availability of alcohol
B) The detoxification process
C) Overcoming denial
D) Finding a suitable treatment program

Question 58

The individual with which of the following Axis I diagnoses is most likely to also abuse alcohol?

A) Borderline personality disorder
B) Depression
C) Dissociative identity disorder
D) Somatization disorder

Question 59

A moderating variable is

A) something that makes a person more or less likely to inherit a disorder such as alcoholism.
B) something that influences the connection between two other variables.
C) something that causes alcoholics not to have as strong a reaction to alcohol as earlier.
D) something that causes some alcoholics not to have as much impairment as others.

Question 60

The incidence of alcoholism among Muslims and Mormons is low because

A) individuals who practice these religions are likely to live in areas where alcohol is not readily available.
B) these religions prohibit alcohol consumption.
C) members of both groups are likely to have inherited an inability to metabolize alcohol properly.
D) strong family and community bonds protect these populations from all psychological disorders.

Question 61

Which of the following makes treatment of dependence on heroin especially challenging?

A) The severity of the withdrawal
B) The likely involvement of the user in a drug-using subculture
C) The lack of a means of minimizing cravings
D) The high probability that the user is also dependent on other drugs

Question 62

Randy has been dependent on alcohol for at least ten years. Drinking has ruined his marriage, his occupational standing, and his health. If a friend told Randy that he needed to enter treatment, and Randy responded the way most alcohol dependent people do, he would probably say

A) "Alcohol is my enemy but I don't think I am strong enough to combat it."
B) "I have an addictive personality and without help, I will never overcome my addiction."
C) "You have a very good point; I need to do some serious thinking about getting treatment."
D) "Who do you think you are attacking me? You are the one with the problem."

Question 63

Which type of treatment for alcoholism has been found to be most effective?

A) Inpatient treatment
B) Outpatient treatment
C) Twelve-step programs
D) All were about equal

Question 64

Which of the following drugs is MDMA structurally similar to?

A) Methamphetamine and LSD
B) Cocaine and mescaline
C) Methamphetamine and mescaline
D) Cocaine and LSD

Question 65

"I am a person who has an affliction-I cannot drink like social drinkers. Spiritual change may help me in recovering from my addiction, but I will be an alcoholic for life." The person who said this would feel most comfortable in .

A) relapse prevention
B) Alcoholics Anonymous
C) aversive conditioning treatment
D) a replacement program

Question 66

Why are estimates of the prevalence of drug dependence likely to be inaccurate?

A) Many people who think they have a problem don't.
B) Twelve-step programs have become the treatment of choice.
C) Treatment is often not available when it is sought.
D) Many people do not seek help.

Question 67

In contrast to other treatment programs, Alcoholics Anonymous

A) offers both group and one-on-one support.
B) is successful, but only with severe alcoholics who have "hit bottom."
C) uses primarily psychodynamic interventions, although advocates of AA would disagree.
D) has a low dropout rate.

Question 68

Aversive conditioning for alcoholics

A) punishes the alcoholic for drinking by making him or her sick after drinking.
B) uses educational and life skills training to help the alcoholic understand the negative aspects of drinking.
C) includes family members to try to help the alcoholic understand the harm his or her behaviors have done.
D) involves pairing alcohol with something unpleasant like electric shock.

Question 69

Which statement about Project MATCH is accurate?

A) It showed that matching a client's personality to a form of treatment makes no difference.
B) It proved that treatment based on Alcoholics Anonymous is superior to other forms of treatment.
C) It showed that treatments only work when they are carefully matched with the personality profiles of the clients in them.
D) It proved that therapists must establish warm relationships with their clients in order for therapy to be effective.

Question 70

The use of methadone in the treatment of heroin dependence is comparable to

A) using naltrexone to treat alcoholism.
B) using Antabuse to treat alcoholism.
C) using a nicotine patch to aid in smoking cessation.
D) using antidepressants as an aid to smoking cessation.

Question 71

Opium and its derivatives

A) typically take several months to produce physiological cravings.
B) cause withdrawal symptoms within approximately 8 hours of the last dose.
C) always cause near fatal withdrawal symptoms.
D) cause amnesia with long-term use.

Question 72

Controlled drinking - teaching alcoholics to drink in moderation -

A) has been generally accepted as a useful treatment.
B) seems to work for some people with less severe alcoholism.
C) works better than complete abstinence.
D) seems to work well for all types of alcoholics.

Question 73

In 2005, which of the following accounted for 11 percent of all drug-related emergency room admissions?

A) Cocaine
B) Ecstasy
C) Barbiturates
D) Heroin

Question 74

Drug abuse and dependence are most common in what age group and in what type of community?

A) Childhood; rural communities
B) Adolescence and young adulthood; economically depressed communities
C) Middle age; affluent suburban communities
D) Adolescence and young adulthood; affluent suburban communities

Question 75

The first stage in the treatment of any form of substance dependence is

A) group psychotherapy.
B) treating physical withdrawal symptoms.
C) the use of Antabuse.
D) the administration of antidepressants.

Question 76

Who has the highest self-reported quit rate among smokers?

A) Young adults who have just started smoking
B) People who used nicotine replacement such as gum
C) People who were hospitalized for cancer or lung problems
D) People who underwent cognitive behavior treatment

Question 77

In what type of treatment are clients taught to recognize situations that are likely to trigger drinking?

A) Alcoholics Anonymous
B) Motivational Enhancement Therapy
C) Relapse Prevention Treatment
D) Abstinence Violation Prevention

Question 78

Adam and Beth are both being treated for alcohol dependence by being given medications. Adam's medication makes him vomit if he drinks after taking it. Beth's medication reduces her craving for alcohol. Most likely Adam is taking ; Beth is taking .

A) methadone; Naltrexone
B) Naltrexone; methadone
C) methadone; Antabuse
D) Antabuse; Naltrexone

Question 79

Endorphins

A) have been found to play a role in ending drug use.
B) are opium-like substances produced by the body.
C) are opium-like substances created synthetically to replace heroin.
D) are overproduced in the brains of addicts.

Question 80

Which of the following is both a stimulant and a hallucinogen?

A) Amphetamine
B) Cocaine
C) Ecstasy
D) Mescaline