Deck 23: The Diversity of Fungi

Question 1

The body of a fungus is generally composed of

A) vascular tissue.
B) mycorrhizae.
C) hyphae.
D) mold.
E) cellulose.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The worldwide die- off of frogs has been traced to infection by

A) zygomycetes.
B) ascomycetes.
C) chytrids.
D) basidiomycetes.
E) glomeromycetes.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following features are characteristic of fungi?

A) No cell walls, feeding by absorption, chemosynthesis
B) Cell walls, feeding by absorption, and usually filamentous bodies
C) Cell walls, photosynthesis, and usually filamentous bodies
D) No cell walls, parasitic, heterotrophic
E) Cell walls, chemosynthetic, heterotrophic

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Fungi are similar to plants because both

A) produce embryos when they reproduce.
B) are important producers in their ecosystems.
C) have cell walls surrounding their plasma membranes.
D) liberate nutrients from dead tissues.
E) have chloroplasts in their cells.

Question 5

A zygosporangium is produced by

A) mitosis of hyphae.
B) the union of egg and sperm.
C) the union of two haploid hyphae.
D) meiosis of hyphae.
E) meiosis of megaspores.

Question 6

Both bacteria and fungi digest food by

A) photosynthesis.
B) forming food vacuoles through phagocytosis.
C) secreting enzymes and then absorbing the smaller molecules.
D) eating only small organisms that they can engulf.
E) ingesting previously decomposed molecules.

Question 7

The interwoven mass of cells that forms large structures such as an earthstar or a mushroom is a

A) septum.
B) hypha.
C) mycelium.
D) spore.
E) root.

Question 8

According to the fossil record, the most ancient group of fungi is probably the

A) basidiomycetes.
B) chytrids.
C) ascomycetes.
D) zygomycetes.
E) glomeromycetes.

Question 9

Which fungal group produces swimming, flagellated spores?

A) Glomeromycetes
B) Zygomycetes
C) Chytrids
D) Basidiomycetes
E) Ascomycetes

Question 10

Some fungi are predators (not parasites) of

A) nematodes (roundworms).
B) chestnut and elm trees.
C) wheat.
D) spiders.
E) humans.

Question 11

When you eat mushrooms on your pizza, you are technically eating the

A) seeds.
B) fungal leaves.
C) roots.
D) chloroplasts.
E) mycelium.

Question 12

Which of the following sequences describes sexual reproduction in the fungal life cycle?

A) Diploid spores divide by meiosis to form haploid gametes, which join to form mycelia.
B) Free- swimming gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote, which grows by mitosis.
C) The haploid zygote divides by meiosis to form haploid spores.
D) Haploid gametes divide by meiosis to produce a diploid zygote, which grows by mitosis to produce diploid mycelia.
E) The diploid zygote divides by meiosis to form haploid spores, which produce haploid mycelia through mitosis.

Question 13

The dominant generation in the fungal life cycle is usually

A) a sporophyte.
B) polyploid.
C) haploid.
D) unicellular.
E) diploid.

Question 14

The mat- like structure composed of hyphal threads that forms the body of most fungi is called a(n)

A) mycelium.
B) ascus.
C) basidium.
D) septum.
E) zygospore.

Question 15

Molds easily contaminate foods because fungi

A) have haploid bodies.
B) are not visible.
C) are unaffected by cooking.
D) produce temporary, visible reproductive structures.
E) produce huge numbers of airborne spores.

Question 16

form beneficial symbiotic relationships with plant roots.

A) Basidiomycetes
B) Zygomycetes
C) Ascomycetes
D) Chytrids
E) Glomeromycetes

Question 17

Fungi usually obtain food by

A) photosynthesis.
B) digesting it externally and then absorbing it.
C) producing antibiotics that internally destroy bacteria.
D) chemosynthesis.
E) absorbing it and then digesting it within fungal cells.

Question 18

Which polysaccharide is produced by both fungi and arthropods?

A) Cellulose
B) Fructose
C) Chitin
D) Glucose
E) Glycogen

Question 19

In which environment would you most likely find chytrids?

A) A well- used gym bag
B) The back of the refrigerator
C) A warm swamp
D) A basket of overripe fruit

Question 20

Fungal cell walls are different from plant cell walls because fungal walls contain

A) cellulose, whereas plant walls have chitin.
B) glycogen, whereas plant walls have cellulose.
C) chitin, whereas plant walls have starch.
D) cellulose, whereas plant walls have pectin.
E) chitin, whereas plant walls have cellulose.

Question 21

Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between

A) fungi and plant stems.
B) algae and fungi.
C) animals and fungi.
D) plant roots and a fungus.
E) algae and plant roots.

Question 22

When zygosporangia germinate, they must undergo before forming hyphae.

A) sporulation
B) fertilization
C) meiosis
D) mitosis

Question 23

The name sac fungi is appropriate for the ascomycetes because

A) they produce spores in saclike structures.
B) the body of the fungus is a saclike shape.
C) they grow well in closed bags.
D) it is best to carry them in a sack.
E) they produce seeds in saclike structures.

Question 24

Mycorrhizae surround and infiltrate the of vascular plants.

A) leaves
B) flowers
C) roots
D) stems
E) seeds

Question 25

Why are fungi important in recycling woody plants?

A) Fungi digest chloroplasts.
B) Fungi have the internal digestion necessary to digest wood.
C) Fungi are the only organisms capable of digesting both cellulose and lignin.
D) Woody plants occupy the same environment as fungi.

Question 26

Which fungal group is most commonly found in lichens?

A) Chytrids
B) Zygomycetes
C) Basidiomycetes
D) Glomeromycetes
E) Ascomycetes

Question 27

The specialized reproductive structures of sac fungi are called

A) toadstools.
B) zygospores.
C) basidia.
D) mycelia.
E) asci.

Question 28

Which fungal phylum usually carries on sexual reproduction?

A) Chytrids
B) Zygomycetes
C) Basidiomycetes
D) Ascomycetes
E) Glomeromycetes

Question 29

Which group of fungi appears to lack asexual reproduction?

A) Ascomycetes
B) Chytrids
C) Glomeromycetes
D) Basidiomycetes
E) All fungi have asexual reproduction.

Question 30

The specialized reproductive structures of club fungi are called

A) zygospores.
B) basidia.
C) mycelia.
D) asci.
E) toadstools.

Question 31

Mycorrhizae associations are

A) common only to species, such as grasses.
B) common only in nutrient- rich environments.
C) absolutely necessary for survival.
D) common; at least 80% of the species of plants form these associations.
E) very unusual.

Question 32

Black bread molds produce diploid reproductive structures called

A) basidia.
B) asci.
C) zygosporangia.
D) toadstools.
E) mycelia.

Question 33

How are lichens and mycorrhizae similar?

A) Both are saprophytes that decompose dead materials.
B) Both parasitize live plants, eventually killing them.
C) Both are pioneer species that colonize bare rock.
D) Both form symbiotic relationships with photosynthetic species.

Question 34

In ascomycetes, the ascus functions in

A) digestion.
B) photosynthesis.
C) vegetative growth.
D) asexual reproduction.
E) sexual reproduction.

Question 35

The conspicuous structures on the surface of a dead tree that indicate a fungus is growing inside are for

A) reproduction.
B) defense.
C) show only.
D) pollination.
E) feeding.

Question 36

The photosynthetic component of a lichen is a(n)

A) alga or cyanobacterium.
B) ascomycetes.
C) arthropod or protist.
D) small plant.
E) basidiomycete.

Question 37

Which of the following are among the first organisms to colonize barren habitats?

A) Small mammals
B) Fungi
C) Plants
D) Lichens
E) Mushrooms

Question 38

Fungi that live inside plant leaves and provide protection from insects are

A) saprophytes.
B) endophytes.
C) lichens.
D) photosynthetic.
E) mycorrhizae.

Question 39

If there were no fungi, which of the following would occur?

A) Plants would overrun the Earth.
B) Oxygen production would stop.
C) Nutrient recycling would stop.
D) Grazing animals would be unable to digest plants.

Question 40

What are lichens?

A) A symbiotic association of algae and Archaea
B) A symbiotic association of algae and fungi
C) Fungi
D) Archaea
E) Algae

Question 41

The importance of fungi to ecosystems is mostly as a(n)

A) decomposer.
B) producer.
C) parasite.
D) symbiote.
E) predator.

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of a parasitic fungal disease?

A) Malaria
B) Trichinosis
C) Herpes
D) Sleeping sickness
E) Athlete's foot

Question 43

Which fungus group is responsible for Dutch elm disease and the destruction of the American elm?

A) Glomeromycetes
B) Chytrids
C) Basidiomycetes
D) Zygomycetes
E) Ascomycetes

Question 44

Which of the following fungus causes ergot poisoning, a common cause of death in Europe in the Middle Ages?

A) Amanita
B) Aspergillus
C) Claviceps purpurea
D) Candida albicans
E) Truffles

Question 45

Which fungi produces toxins (including LSD) that can cause convulsions, hallucinations, and death if consumed by a person?

A) Claviceps purpurea
B) Aspergillus
C) Deadly night shade
D) Candida albicans
E) Chytrid fungi

Question 46

What creates the holes in bread?

A) Yeast
B) Air
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Oxygen gas
E) Alcohol

Question 47

Which of the following is a by- product of yeast fermentation?

A) Chitin
B) Carbon monoxide
C) Oxygen gas
D) Carbon dioxide
E) Sugar

Question 48

Single- celled fungi are known as

A) yeasts.
B) club fungi.
C) spores.
D) prokaryotes.
E) chytrids.

Question 49

Histoplasmosis is caused by

A) inhaling certain fungal spores.
B) ergot poisoning.
C) Amanita- induced liver failure.
D) eating too much yeast.
E) carbon dioxide inhalation.

Question 50

Fungal hyphae usually are diploid.

Question 51

The highly toxic Aspergillus infects

A) bread.
B) wheat.
C) human skin.
D) peanuts.
E) milk.

Question 52

If a strong fungicide is released and eliminates all the fungi in an ecosystem, which of the following is likely to happen?

A) Faster breakdown of leaf litter
B) Increased rate of photosynthesis
C) Improved soil fertility
D) Improved growth of plant species
E) An accumulation of dead and discarded plant and animal tissues

Question 53

The antibiotic penicillin was originally derived from

A) bacteria.
B) chemical factories.
C) Archaea.
D) plants.
E) fungi.

Question 54

causes human yeast infections.

A) Aspergillus
B) Amanita
C) Candida albicans
D) Claviceps purpurea

Question 55

Ascomycetes produce which of the following?

A) Chytrids
B) Black bread mold
C) Basidia
D) Penicillin
E) Smuts and rusts

Question 56

Rusts and smuts are examples of

A) mycorrhizae.
B) fungal plant diseases.
C) human pathogens.
D) lichens.
E) yeasts.

Question 57

During alcohol fermentation, yeasts ferment

A) chitin.
B) carbon dioxide.
C) oxygen gas.
D) complex carbohydrates.
E) sugar.

Question 58

What gives blue cheeses such as Roquefort and Stilton their unique flavor?

A) Chytrids
B) Ascomycete mold
C) Yeast
D) Mushrooms
E) Alcohol

Question 59

Aflatoxins, which are highly toxic, carcinogenic compounds, come from

A) Claviceps purpurea.
B) corn smut.
C) Candida albicans.
D) Amanita.
E) Aspergillis.

Question 60

Fungi are heterotrophs, but they do not ingest their food.

Question 61

In the environment, fungi that feed off dead organic material are important .

Question 62

Fungi that feed on dead tissue are saprophytes.

Question 63

During asexual reproduction, fungi produce haploid spores via .

Question 64

Fungal cell walls are composed of lignin.

Question 65

Fungi that live symbiotically inside plants are .

Question 66

Fairy rings are produced by basidiomycetes.

Question 67

In black bread molds, the produce haploid spores for asexual reproduction.

Question 68

It is hypothesized that associations may have helped plants colonize dry land.

Question 69

Mycorrhizae help plants obtain water from the soil.

Question 70

Ringworm is a fungal infection of the skin.

Question 71

Lichens can form from the symbiotic relationship between a photosynthetic bacterium and a fungus.

Question 72

In a lichen, produce sugars for the fungal partner.

Question 73

During sexual reproduction, the spores of the sac fungi develop in .

Question 74

During sexual reproduction, fungi produce haploid spores via .

Question 75

Mycorrhizae are plant parasites.

Question 76

Glomeromycetes reproduce by basidiospores.

Question 77

Chytrids reproduce by swimming , which sets this group apart from other fungi.

Question 78

Chytrids are the fungal species best adapted to colonizing dry environments.

Question 79

Hyphae are divided into cells by _.

Question 80

Yeasts form a symbiotic relationship with a bacteria.