Deck 20: The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

Question 1

Bacterial cell walls contain , which makes them different from other organisms.

A) starch
B) peptidoglycan
C) chitin
D) cellulose
E) pectin

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What differentiates gram- positive bacteria from gram- negative bacteria?

A) The use of oxygen
B) The way the cell wall stains
C) Nutrient requirements
D) The means of locomotion
E) The appearance of colonies

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What do the sticky layers of protective slime produced by some bacteria enable them to do?

A) Stick together and form biofilms
B) Move from one location to another
C) Survive extreme conditions for long periods of time
D) Sexually reproduce
E) Acquire resistance to antibiotics

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Dental plaque is an example of

A) an endospore.
B) a cell membrane.
C) beneficial bacteria.
D) a biofilm.
E) bacterial flagella.

Question 5

The oldest endospores to be revived and cultured to produce live bacteria are

A) 250,000 years old.
B) 25,000 years old.
C) 250 years old.
D) 250 million years old.
E) 2,500 years old.

Question 6

Mobile prokaryotes can move around with the help of

A) peptidoglycan.
B) sex pili.
C) plasmids.
D) endospores.
E) flagella.

Question 7

Peptidoglycan is found in the cell walls of

A) bacteria.
B) viruses.
C) fungi.
D) archaea.
E) plants.

Question 8

Which of the following is within the size range of a typical prokaryote?

A) A cell 100 micrometers in diameter
B) A cell 700 micrometers long
C) A cell the size of the period at the end of a sentence
D) A cell 2 micrometers in diameter
E) A cell 25 micrometers in diameter

Question 9

How do the flagella of bacteria differ from the flagella of archaea?

A) Bacterial flagella occur at only one end of the cell.
B) The flagella of archaea are scattered over the cell surface.
C) Bacterial flagella are used for reproduction.
D) Bacterial flagella cannot rotate.
E) Archaeal flagella are thinner than bacterial flagella.

Question 10

Through which process are bacteria able to exchange genetic material?

A) Conjugation
B) Sexual reproduction
C) Photosynthesis
D) Anaerobic respiration
E) Endospore formation

Question 11

In which of these environments would you normally find prokaryotes?

A) An animal's intestinal tract
B) Human skin
C) A single drop of seawater
D) A spoonful of soil
E) All of the above

Question 12

Sex pili are prokaryotic structures that are used

A) for gathering prey.
B) during binary fission.
C) for adhering to surfaces.
D) for movement.
E) during conjugation.

Question 13

Which structure enables a bacterium to survive and infect a host even after a long period of desiccation?

A) Slime layer
B) Pili
C) Capsule
D) Protein coat
E) Endospore

Question 14

Binary fission is the method by which bacteria

A) acquire genetic variation.
B) move to new locations.
C) survive extreme conditions for long periods of time.
D) metabolize without oxygen.
E) reproduce.

Question 15

Mutations that improve the survival and reproduction of organisms, and thus contribute to the evolution of species, arise rapidly in prokaryotes due to their

A) sexual reproduction.
B) anaerobic metabolism.
C) absence of a nucleus.
D) cell wall composition.
E) rapid rate of cell division.

Question 16

Some bacteria use H₂S instead of H₂O in photosynthesis, and they release

A) ethanol.
B) sulfur.
C) carbon monoxide.
D) acetic acid.
E) oxygen.

Question 17

Bacterial endospores are used for

A) forming biofilms.
B) keeping the bacteria alive under harsh conditions.
C) attracting viruses.
D) bioremediation.
E) bacterial reproduction.

Question 18

In bacteria, the small, circular pieces of DNA that are located outside the chromosome are called

A) endospores.
B) bacteriophages.
C) plasmids.
D) flagella.
E) sex pili.

Question 19

Cyanobacteria obtain energy from

A) digesting benzene.
B) parasitizing viruses.
C) digesting plants.
D) digesting cyanide.
E) sunlight.

Question 20

The classification of bacteria has historically been based on

A) pigments and presence of flagella.
B) the means of locomotion and thickness of cell wall.
C) nutrient requirements and pigments.
D) microbial nutrition, physical appearance, and how they move.
E) the appearance of colonies and rate of growth.

Question 21

The cause of tetanus is

A) Clostridium tetani.
B) Campylobacter.
C) Escherichia coli.
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae.
E) Borrelia burgdorferi.

Question 22

Viruses that attack prokaryotes are called

A) viroids.
B) host cells.
C) human pathogens.
D) prions.
E) bacteriophages.

Question 23

Which of the following consists of a protein coat surrounding a molecule of genetic material?

A) Protists
B) Viruses
C) Bacteria
D) Prions
E) Archaea

Question 24

Legumes obtain a useful form of _ from bacteria that live in root nodules.

A) hydrogen
B) carbon
C) oxygen
D) nitrogen
E) sulfur

Question 25

Which of the following causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)?

A) A virus
B) A viroid
C) A prion
D) A bacterium
E) An archaea

Question 26

Short, circular strands of RNA that can cause plant diseases are called

A) bacteria.
B) viroids.
C) viruses.
D) prions.
E) archaea.

Question 27

The use of bacteria to break down pollutants is referred to as

A) bioremediation.
B) biosynthesis.
C) binary fission.
D) nitrogen- fixation.
E) biofixation.

Question 28

Disease- causing bacteria are called

A) protozoa.
B) cyanobacteria.
C) pathogens.
D) archaea.
E) viroids.

Question 29

Intestinal bacteria are necessary for plant- eating animals to digest

A) cellulose.
B) lipids.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) nitrogen.
E) proteins.

Question 30

Through which process do bacteria recycle nutrients in the environment?

A) Decomposition
B) Conjugation
C) Binary fission
D) Photosynthesis
E) Endospore formation

Question 31

are used in the production of foods such as yogurt, cheese, and sauerkraut.

A) Viruses
B) Protists
C) Bacteria
D) Viroids
E) Eukaryotes

Question 32

The corkscrew- shaped bacterium is vectored by ticks into humans and eventually may cause nervous system issues.

A) Clostridium tetani
B) Borrelia burgdorferi
C) Clostridium botulium
D) Yersinia pestis
E) Escherichia coli

Question 33

Which of the following is the dreaded "black death" bacterium?

A) Streptococcus
B) Clostridium
C) Borrelia burgdorferi
D) Yersinia pestis
E) Escherichia coli

Question 34

Which of the following plants contains nitrogen- fixing bacteria in its root nodules?

A) Oranges
B) Tomatoes
C) Corn
D) Soybeans
E) Potatoes

Question 35

Oil spills are sprayed with bacterial cultures in order to

A) make the oil easier to wash away.
B) break down the oil.
C) prevent the oil from sticking to wildlife.
D) kill the bacteria.
E) detoxify the oil.

Question 36

Which of the following has no organelles, ribosomes, or cytoplasm?

A) An alga
B) A virus
C) A plant
D) A cyanobacterium
E) A bacterium

Question 37

Lyme disease is caused by

A) Clostridium botulinum.
B) Borellia burgdorferi.
C) nitrogen- fixing bacteria.
D) contaminated water.
E) rats.

Question 38

The causative agents of bubonic plague, which killed 100 million people during the 14th century, were

A) fish.
B) rats.
C) fleas.
D) viruses.
E) bacteria.

Question 39

Which of the following is a normal inhabitant of a cow's digestive tract that can cause harm to people when it contaminates ground beef?

A) Borrelia burgdorferi
B) Yersinia pestis
C) Clostridium tetani
D) Escherichia coli
E) Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 40

A virus basically consists of

A) RNA or DNA and enzymes.
B) enzymes and a protein coat.
C) RNA or DNA and a protein coat.
D) proteins and a cell membrane.
E) RNA or DNA and a membrane.

Question 41

Avocado sunblotch is caused by a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) virus.
D) viroid.
E) fungus.

Question 42

For which of the following diseases or conditions should antibiotics be used?

A) Mad cow disease
B) A common cold
C) Lyme disease
D) AIDS (to combat HIV)
E) Smallpox

Question 43

Prions are

A) improperly folded proteins.
B) sexually transmitted bacteria.
C) viral protein coats.
D) also known as viroids.
E) bacterial proteins.

Question 44

Bacteria lack membrane- bound organelles.

Question 45

Which virus attacks white blood cells?

A) Influenza
B) HIV
C) Herpes
D) Smallpox
E) Rabies

Question 46

Bacteria are able to increase their genetic variability by reproducing sexually.

Question 47

Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease is caused by a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) virus.
D) viroid.
E) fungus.

Question 48

AIDS is caused by a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) virus.
D) viroid.
E) fungus.

Question 49

Biofilms are the immune system's way to keep pathogens from colonizing a host.

Question 50

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or mad cow disease, is caused by a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) virus.
D) viroid.
E) fungus.

Question 51

Which is the correct sequence of viral replication?

A) Penetration -genetic material replication -transcription -protein synthesis -assembly
B) Transcription -penetration -genetic material replication -assembly -protein synthesis
C) Penetration -genetic material replication -transcription -assembly -protein synthesis
D) Penetration -transcription -assembly -genetic material replication -protein synthesis
E) Genetic material replication -penetration -transcription -assembly -protein synthesis

Question 52

Bacteria are multicellular microbes.

Question 53

Rabies is caused by a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) virus.
D) viroid.
E) fungus.

Question 54

Which of the following causes infectious sores on the mucous membranes of the mouth that occur during times of stress?

A) Bacillus anthracis
B) Escherichia
C) Prions
D) Listeria
E) Herpes virus

Question 55

The common cold is caused by a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) virus.
D) viroid.
E) fungus.

Question 56

Antibiotics can be effective only against a

A) virus.
B) prion.
C) bacterium.
D) viroid.

Question 57

Herpes is caused by a

A) bacterium.
B) prion.
C) virus.
D) viroid.
E) fungus.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT alive?

A) Cyanobacterium
B) Virus
C) Plant
D) Bacterium
E) Protist

Question 59

Viroids

A) are infectious pieces of DNA enclosed in a protein coat.
B) have a plasma membrane.
C) are infectious chains of amino acids.
D) attack bacteria.
E) are infectious pieces of RNA.

Question 60

Bacterial endospores are easily damaged by heat and drying.

Question 61

Many prokaryotes thrive in environments, which lack oxygen.

Question 62

The classifications gram- positive and gram- negative are based on of the bacterial cell wall.

Question 63

All bacteria are harmful to humans.

Question 64

Kuru is caused by one of the archaea.

Question 65

Humans can eat live cultures of some bacteria without getting sick.

Question 66

Smallpox is caused by infected rats.

Question 67

Prions are made up of only protein.

Question 68

The bacterial cell wall can contain .

Question 69

Lyme disease is caused by _ that are transmitted to humans by deer ticks.

Question 70

Because viruses have limited genetic material, their mutation rates are very low.

Question 71

Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes.

Question 72

Cyanobacteria obtain energy through .

Question 73

Anaerobic bacteria require high levels of oxygen to survive.

Question 74

The largest prokaryote is _.

Question 75

Bioremediation is the process in which bacteria digest plants and release oily toxins.

Question 76

Viruses contain both DNA and RNA.

Question 77

Organisms that produce disease are pathogens.

Question 78

Some archaea can live in boiling water.

Question 79

Unlike aerobic prokaryotes, anaerobic prokaryotes can obtain energy when is not available.

Question 80

Nitrogen- fixing bacteria remove nitrogen from plants and return it to the soil.