Deck 10: Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

Sea stars are genetically different from each other and from their parents. These genetic differences are the result of

A) cloning.
B) sexual reproduction.
C) mitosis.
D) asexual reproduction.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Meiosis typically results in the production of

A) four haploid cells.
B) one triploid cell.
C) four diploid cells.
D) two diploid cells.
E) two haploid cells.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

An advantage of sexual reproduction and meiosis is that

A) production of gametes generates energy.
B) many offspring are produced in a short period of time.
C) organisms remain stable in a changing environment.
D) it increases genetic diversity.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Strictly speaking, mitosis and meiosis are divisions of the

A) nucleus, cytoplasm, and chromosomes.
B) nucleus and chromosomes.
C) nucleus.
D) chromosomes.
E) cytoplasm.

Question 5

Different, or alternative, forms of the same gene are called

A) alleles.
B) mutants.
C) genetomorphs.
D) homologous.
E) chromatids.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) In asexual reproduction, the parent passes a complete set of genes to its offspring.
B) In sexual reproduction, a human offspring receives two genes for every trait.
C) In sexual reproduction, both meiosis and fertilization must occur during the life cycle.
D) Sexual reproduction puts together new combinations of genes.
E) Sexual reproduction produces clones.

Question 7

Which is NOT a typical site for the occurrence of meiosis?

A) Plant anther
B) Human ovary
C) Human testis
D) Plant ovary
E) Plant root cells

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT associated with meiosis?

A) Germ cells
B) Sperm and egg
C) Somatic cells
D) Reduction of number of chromosomes
E) Sexual reproduction

Question 9

Asexually produced daughter cells are

A) different from parental cell.
B) identical to the parental cell.
C) identical to each other and to the parental cell.
D) identical to each other.
E) different from each other.

Question 10

In humans, gametes contain

A) 45 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
B) 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
C) 22 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes.
D) 1 autosome and 22 sex chromosomes.
E) 1 autosome and 45 sex chromosomes.

Question 11

The process of meiosis

A) begins with haploid cells and ends with haploid cells.
B) begins with diploid cells and ends with diploid cells.
C) begins with diploid cells and ends with haploid cells.
D) begins with haploid cells and ends with diploid cells.

Question 12

Sexual reproduction

A) leads to uniform characteristics in a population.
B) results in new combinations of genetic traits.
C) produces genetic clones and requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction.
D) produces genetic clones.
E) requires less tissue differentiation than asexual reproduction.

Question 13

Homologous chromosomes

A) have alleles for the same characteristics even though the gene expression may not be the same.
B) are in pairs, one chromosome of each pair from the father and one from the mother.
C) may exchange parts during meiosis.
D) pair up during meiosis.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 14

Four of the five answers listed below are haploid. Select the exception.

A) Meiospore
B) Sperm
C) Zygote
D) Egg
E) Gametophyte

Question 15

Copies of chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of meiosis are appropriately called what kind of chromatids?

A) Daughter
B) Homologous
C) Sister
D) Mother

Question 16

Four of the five answers listed below are characteristic of meiosis. Select the exception.

A) Results in producing genetically identical cells
B) Involves synapsis
C) Produces haploid cells
D) Reduces the number of chromosomes
E) Involves two divisions

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true of human chromosomes?

A) The diploid number is 46.
B) Human gametes end up with two of each type of 23 chromosomes.
C) The haploid number is 23.
D) There are 23 pairs of chromosomes.
E) Human gametes end up with one of each type of 23 chromosomes.

Question 18

Through meiosis

A) the diploid chromosome number is reduced to haploid.
B) parental DNA is divided and distributed to forming gametes.
C) offspring are provided with new gene combinations.
D) alternate forms of genes are shuffled.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

If meiosis did NOT occur in sexually reproducing organisms

A) growth of the zygote would be halted.
B) eggs would be haploid, but sperm would be diploid.
C) gametes would be haploid.
D) the chromosome number would double in each generation.
E) mitosis would be sufficient.

Question 20

In humans, the male determines the sex of the child because males have

A) two Y chromosomes.
B) 46 chromosomes.
C) two X chromosomes.
D) one X and one Y chromosome.

Question 21

Independent assortment refers to which of the following statements?

A) The position where crossing over occurs is random.
B) A maternal chromosome may move toward either pole while the paternal homologue moves toward the other.
C) The pole that any one chromosome moves toward is completely independent of the movement of the other 45 chromosomes in humans.
D) The sperm that fertilizes the egg is selected at random.
E) None of the choices is correct.

Question 22

Meiotic cell division in animals occurs in the and results in the production of _ .

A) body cells; daughter cells
B) body cells; parent cells
C) testes and ovaries; diploid cells
D) testes and ovaries; gametes

Question 23

The sex- determining chromosomes of a human male are the

A) X and Y chromosomes.
B) X and X chromosomes.
C) Y and Z chromosomes.
D) Y and Y chromosomes.
E) Z and Z chromosomes.

Question 24

A photograph of all the stained, prepared chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell is referred to as a

A) karyotype.
B) telomere.
C) centromere.
D) chromatid.

Question 25

Alternative forms of a gene (such as those responsible for eye color) are called

A) cyclins.
B) telomeres.
C) receptors.
D) sister chromatids.
E) alleles.

Question 26

Synapsis and crossing over occur during

A) telophase II.
B) anaphase I.
C) prophase I.
D) prophase II.
E) metaphase II.

Question 27

At the beginning of prophase I, a total of _ molecules of DNA are contained in a developing human sperm cell.

A) 92
B) 23
C) twice as many (as compared to mature sperm)
D) half as many (as compared to somatic cells)
E) 46

Question 28

The different forms of a gene- for example, those responsible for eye color- are called

A) receptors.
B) alleles.
C) cyclins.
D) telomeres.
E) sister chromatids.

Question 29

Chiasmata (or chiasma) provide evidence of

A) chromosomal aberration.
B) crossing over.
C) spindle fiber formation.
D) fertilization.
E) meiosis.

Question 30

In a typical human body (somatic) cell, how many total chromosomes are there?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 46
D) 23

Question 31

Which type of eukaryotic cell contains two types of each chromosome?

A) A meiotically produced cell
B) A haploid cell
C) A diploid cell
D) A gamete

Question 32

Crossing over

A) involves breakages and exchanges between sister chromatids.
B) alters the composition of chromosomes and results in new combinations of alleles being channeled into the daughter cells.
C) involves nucleoli.
D) generally results in synapsis and binary fission.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 33

During meiosis II

A) cytokinesis results in the formation of a total of two cells.
B) sister chromatids exchange parts.
C) homologous chromosomes synapse.
D) sister chromatids of each chromosome are separated from each other.
E) homologous chromosomes separate.

Question 34

In comparing mitosis and meiosis, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Chromatids are present only in mitosis.
B) Meiosis I is more like mitosis than is meiosis II.
C) Synapsis occurs in both.
D) Meiosis II resembles mitosis.
E) Both processes result in four cells.

Question 35

Sexual reproduction allows for

A) greater genetic diversity in offspring compared to asexual reproduction.
B) haploid individuals to pass their genes on to the next generation.
C) random mutations to occur at a faster rate than does asexual reproduction.
D) clones of parent cells to be produced more quickly and efficiently than does prokaryotic fission.

Question 36

A typical human body cell contains how many sex chromosomes?

A) 2
B) 23
C) 1
D) 46

Question 37

Which of the following distinguishes prophase 1 of meiosis from prophase of mitosis?

A) Spindle forms.
B) Homologous chromosomes pair up.
C) Nuclear membrane breaks down.
D) Chromosomes become visible.

Question 38

Some organisms are capable of asexual or sexual reproduction. Under favorable conditions, reproduction proceeds asexually. When conditions become more stressful, reproduction switches to a sexual mode. Why?

A) Asexual reproduction requires more energy.
B) Sexual reproduction produces individuals with new combinations of recombined chromosomes increasing diversity.
C) Sexual reproduction is simple and more rapid, allowing larger numbers of offspring to be produced.
D) Sexual reproduction requires two separate individuals who can mutually provide nutrient support during stress.

Question 39

Chromatids are

A) attached at their centromeres.
B) identical until crossing over occurs.
C) a pair of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father.
D) attached at the centriole.
E) attached at their centromeres and are identical until crossing over occurs.

Question 40

If a mammal is born without the ability to produce EGF (epidermal growth factor), then its

A) Cdks will not function properly.
B) cell cycles will not contain the proper checkpoints.
C) licked wounds will heal faster than usual.
D) ability to increase cell division when needed would diminish.

Question 41

Sister chromatids are separated from each other during

A) anaphase II.
B) telophase II.
C) metaphase I.
D) anaphase I.
E) metaphase II.

Question 42

If a child more strongly resembles one parent's physical traits than the other parent's, the explanation could be due to chromosome movements during

A) metaphase II.
B) anaphase II.
C) prophase II.
D) telophase I.
E) anaphase I.

Question 43

Under favorable conditions, during which phase of meiosis will the chromosomes appear as packets of four chromatids?

A) Metaphase II
B) Telophase II
C) Prophase I
D) Anaphase II
E) Anaphase I

Question 44

Major gene reshuffling takes place during

A) prophase I.
B) metaphase I.
C) anaphase II.
D) anaphase I.
E) metaphase II.

Question 45

Paired homologous chromosomes are found at the spindle equator during

A) telophase I.
B) prophase II.
C) anaphase II.
D) metaphase I.
E) metaphase II.

Question 46

Crossing over is one of the most important events in meiosis because

A) homologous chromatids must be separated into different daughter cells.
B) the number of chromosomes allotted to each daughter cell must be halved.
C) it produces new arrays of alleles on chromosomes.
D) homologous chromosomes must be separated into different daughter cells.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 47

What is one difference in mitosis and meiosis during anaphase I?

A) Chromatids do not separate at the centromere in anaphase I.
B) Centromeres do not exist in anaphase I.
C) Crossing over occurs only in anaphase of mitosis.
D) The chromosomes line up at the equator in anaphase I.

Question 48

Which of the following does NOT produce variation?

A) Asexual reproduction
B) Crossing over
C) Sexual reproduction
D) Random alignment of chromosomes during meiosis
E) Genetic recombination of alleles

Question 49

Crossing over

A) prevents genetic recombination.
B) increases variability in gametes.
C) results in only one exchange per homologue.
D) occurs between sister chromatids.
E) is followed immediately by separation of each of the chromatids.

Question 50

Which of the following events does NOT occur in prophase II but does occur in prophase I?

A) Crossing over, synapsis, and spindle formation
B) Synapsis
C) Crossing over
D) Spindle formation
E) Crossing over and synapsis only

Question 51

Which of the following does NOT occur in prophase I of meiosis?

A) Synapsis
B) Cytokinesis
C) Crossing over
D) Tetrad formation
E) Condensation of chromatin

Question 52

Which of the following occurs as a result of meiosis?

A) Diploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from haploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes.
B) Haploid nuclei with paired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with unpaired chromosomes.
C) Diploid nuclei with paired chromosomes are produced from haploid parent nuclei with unpaired chromosomes.
D) Haploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes.

Question 53

How many total daughter cells are produced from each parent cell as a result of meiosis?

A) Millions
B) One
C) Two
D) Four

Question 54

How many total haploid cells are produced by one diploid cell during meiosis?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 1
D) 8 million

Question 55

Which of the following is unique to mitosis and not a part of meiosis?

A) Homologous chromosomes pair, forming bivalents.
B) Homologous chromosomes behave independently.
C) Homologous chromosomes cross over.
D) Chromatids are separated during anaphase.

Question 56

The diploid number of chromosomes on a human skin cell is 46. What is the number of chromosomes found in a human egg cell?

A) 92
B) 46
C) 184
D) 12.5
E) 23

Question 57

Anaphase

A) involves the lining up of the chromosomes across the equatorial plate.
B) results in an unequal distribution of chromosomes to the resulting cells.
C) is initiated when the newly divided centromeres begin to move apart.
D) is the same in mitosis and meiosis I and II.

Question 58

Which of the following does NOT provide new genetic combinations?

A) Random fertilization
B) Cytokinesis
C) Crossing over
D) Independent assortment

Question 59

Which of the following occurs during meiosis?

A) Diploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from haploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes.
B) Haploid nuclei with paired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with unpaired chromosomes.
C) Haploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes.
D) Diploid nuclei with paired chromosomes are produced from haploid parent nuclei with unpaired chromosomes.

Question 60

The diploid number of chromosomes in mammals is always

A) 23.
B) 2.
C) an even number.
D) an odd number.
E) 46.

Question 61

In meiosis, sister chromatids separate during

A) anaphase I.
B) prophase II.
C) anaphase II.
D) prophase I.
E) cytokinesis.

Question 62

A duplicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.

Question 63

In eukaryotes, gametes are produced by

A) prokaryotic fission.
B) budding.
C) meiosis.
D) mitosis.

Question 64

In flowering plants, pollen represents the

A) zygote.
B) diploid stage.
C) haploid stage.

Question 65

In a haploid daughter cell produced by meiosis, the homologous chromosomes have

A) multiplied.
B) remained attached.
C) mutated.
D) separated.

Question 66

When gametes fuse during fertilization, a(n) is produced.

A) sperm
B) haploid individual
C) egg
D) zygote

Question 67

Mutations may be detrimental, beneficial, or neutral to the cell or organism in which they occur.

Question 68

Crossing over takes place between sister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis I.

Question 69

How does anaphase of mitosis differ from anaphase I of meiosis?

A) In anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids join together, but in anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes join together.
B) In anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids separate, but in anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate.
C) In anaphase of mitosis, homologous chromosomes separate, but in anaphase I of meiosis, sister chromatids separate.
D) Sister chromatids do not separate in mitosis, but in anaphase I of meiosis, sister chromosomes do separate.

Question 70

Which of the following cell cycles is represented by ferns and other plants?

A) Haploid life cycle
B) Alternation of generations
C) Diploid life cycle

Question 71

During meiosis, the cytokinesis that follows telophase II results in

A) two diploid cells.
B) two haploid cells.
C) four haploid cells.
D) four diploid cells.

Question 72

Sister chromatids are also referred to as homologues or homologous chromosomes.

Question 73

How many daughter cells are produced from each parent cell during meiosis?

A) Two
B) Four
C) One
D) Millions

Question 74

During meiosis, maternal, and paternal chromosomes can exchange genetic material at sites called

A) chromatids.
B) centromeres.
C) centrioles.
D) chiasmata.

Question 75

Chiasmata are the locations of

A) crossing over.
B) meiosis.
C) mitosis.
D) sister chromatid attachment.

Question 76

In the alternation of generations life cycle, adults may be

A) haploid or diploid.
B) neither haploid nor diploid.
C) haploid only.
D) diploid only.

Question 77

Which of the following cell cycles is represented by birds?

A) Haploid life cycle
B) Alternation of generations
C) Diploid life cycle

Question 78

What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A) Meiosis produces haploid cells, whereas mitosis produces diploid cells.
B) Meiosis produces genetically identical daughter cells, whereas mitosis produces genetically variable daughter cells.
C) Meiosis produces two daughter cells instead of the four daughter cells produced in mitosis.
D) Mitosis produces daughter cells, whereas meiosis produces parent cells.

Question 79

All of the following are expected to result in genetic variation among offspring EXCEPT

A) prokaryotic fission.
B) crossing over.
C) random assortment of parental chromosomes.
D) mutations.

Question 80

How many haploid cells are produced by one diploid cell during meiosis?

A) Two
B) Four
C) 8 million
D) One