Deck 9: Cellular Reproduction

Question 1

Under ideal conditions, the prokaryotic cell cycle can

A) create more than two daughter cells per cell division.
B) involve sexual reproduction.
C) occur in less than a half an hour.
D) skip prokaryotic fission.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Genetic inheritance is based on what type of molecule?

A) mRNA
B) Proteins
C) DNA
D) Enzymes

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A bacterial cell splits into two new cells by a process called

A) forming a cell furrow.
B) mitosis.
C) prokaryotic fission.
D) forming a cell plate.
E) duplication.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Cells with two of each kind of chromosome are described by the term

A) tetraploid.
B) haploid.
C) triploid.
D) polyploid.
E) diploid.

Question 5

All of the following may be found in a DNA nucleotide EXCEPT

A) phospholipid.
B) deoxyribose.
C) thymine.
D) adenine.

Question 6

The repeating sequence of cells dividing, growing, and dividing again is called

A) stem cell differentiation.
B) fission.
C) the cell cycle.
D) homologous differentiation.

Question 7

The structure of DNA most resembles which of the comparisons below

A) beads on a string.
B) a spiral staircase.
C) a straight road.
D) a pleated sheet.

Question 8

When a cell divides via asexual reproduction

A) the genetic information is randomly parceled out to the daughter cells.
B) each daughter cell receives the same amount of genetic information that was in the parent cell, but it has been altered.
C) each daughter cell receives a nearly perfect copy of the parent cell's genetic information.
D) each daughter cell receives exactly half the genetic information in the parent cell.

Question 9

What does the bacterial genome consist of?

A) Several circular DNA molecules
B) One circular RNA molecule
C) One circular DNA molecule
D) Many rod- like DNA molecules with protein
E) DNA in mitochondria

Question 10

What is the longest- lasting phase of the prokaryotic cell cycle?

A) Cell growth and DNA replication
B) Fission of the plasma membranes at the cell equator
C) Meiosis
D) Prokaryotic fission

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction in eukaryotes?

A) Budding in the protistan Hydra
B) The union of sperm and egg in sea urchins
C) Meiosis in plants
D) Prokaryotic fission in the bacterium E. coli

Question 12

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) More than 1,000 chromosomes are found in some organisms.
B) The number of chromosomes remains constant throughout a life cycle.
C) The more highly evolved a species is, the more chromosomes it possesses.
D) Germ cells contain half as many chromosomes as somatic cells.
E) The number of chromosomes is the same for all members of a species.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about stem cells is TRUE?

A) They are found only in embryos.
B) They are found only in embryos and in the bone marrow of adults.
C) They are "perpetual" parent cells that never produce daughter cells.
D) They are able to differentiate into a variety of cell types.
E) They are permanently differentiated and cannot further divide.

Question 14

As a result of mitosis, each of your body cells

A) changes genetically as you grow and develop.
B) is genetically identical to all other body cells.
C) contains only the genetic information needed for that type of cell.
D) contains unique genetic information.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct structure of a nucleotide?

A) Phospholipid- base- sugar
B) Base- sugar- base
C) Phosphate- sugar- phosphate
D) Phosphate- sugar- base

Question 16

A phosphate group binds to what molecule to create the "backbone" of the DNA molecule?

A) Adenine
B) Other phosphate molecules
C) Ribose
D) Deoxyribose

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE of cell division?

A) Each daughter cell receives half of the cytoplasm from the parent cell.
B) The hereditary information is DNA in the parent cell and RNA in the daughter cells.
C) Three daughter cells are produced from one parent cell.
D) Each daughter cell receives one- third of the hereditary information in the parent cell.

Question 18

Which of the following are permanently differentiated cells?

A) Bone marrow cells
B) Newly formed daughter cells
C) Stem cells
D) Most brain cells

Question 19

Which statement is TRUE of the behavior of chromosomes in mitosis?

A) Each new cell receives copies of all the original chromosomes.
B) If the original number of chromosomes was 46, each new cell will have 23.
C) Each new cell receives half of the number of chromosomes in the original cell.
D) All chromosomes are duplicated except the sex chromosomes.
E) The sister chromosomes are not identical because of breakages in the DNA.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Genes and chromosomes are duplicated during prophase.
B) Each species has a specific number of chromosomes.
C) Homologous chromosomes do not pair during mitosis.
D) New nuclei are formed during telophase.

Question 21

When the DNA in a cell is uncoiled and spread throughout the nucleus, it is called

A) a centromere.
B) a chromatid.
C) a chromosome.
D) chromatin.

Question 22

How many nucleotides are in a human chromosome?

A) Thousands
B) Millions
C) Two
D) Four

Question 23

The site on a chromosome where microtubules attach during cell division is the

A) telomere.
B) histone.
C) chromatid.
D) locus.
E) centromere.

Question 24

In prokaryotes, the term prokaryotic fission specifically refers to

A) the growth phase of the cell cycle.
B) the addition of a new plasma membrane between what will become two daughter cells.
C) asexual reproduction.
D) the attachment of replicated DNA to the plasma membrane.

Question 25

The most common method of bacterial reproduction is

A) prokaryotic fission.
B) mutation.
C) budding.
D) meiosis.

Question 26

The terminal ends or "tips" of a chromosome are called

A) chromatids.
B) centromeres.
C) genes.
D) telomeres.
E) loci.

Question 27

In prokaryotes, the DNA molecule is

A) circular.
B) more than 1.8 meters (6 feet) long when uncoiled.
C) single- stranded.
D) made of sugars and lipids.

Question 28

Replication of the bacterial is required before the bacterial cell can be duplicated.

A) gamete
B) mitochondria
C) chromosome
D) nucleus

Question 29

What is the function of the histones that are found in a chromosome?

A) They bind nucleotides together to form a single strand of DNA.
B) They provide support for the DNA to form into a supercoiled structure.
C) They contain the genes that code for various traits.
D) They hold the DNA strands together in a form called the double helix.

Question 30

When chromosomes become visible during prophase of mitosis, it is the result of

A) condensation.
B) chromatid duplication.
C) DNA synthesis.
D) uncoiling.
E) addition of proteins to the DNA.

Question 31

Cells spend most of their time in what phase?

A) Interphase
B) Prophase
C) Mitosis
D) Cytokinesis

Question 32

A portion of a DNA molecule wound around a "bead" of histone protein is called a

A) cell cycle.
B) spindle.
C) centromere.
D) nucleosome.
E) furrow.

Question 33

Which of the following is the longest?

A) A condensed eukaryotic chromosome
B) An uncondensed prokaryotic chromosome
C) A condensed prokaryotic chromosome
D) An uncondensed eukaryotic chromosome

Question 34

In prokaryotes, the daughter cells produced by prokaryotic fission

A) can reproduce either by prokaryotic fission or by the production of gametes.
B) contain half the DNA of the original parent cell.
C) cannot replicate themselves.
D) are, with the exception of random mutations, genetically identical to the parent cell.

Question 35

Chromosomes are duplicated during what portion of the cell cycle?

A) D
B) S
C) G1
D) M
E) G2

Question 36

Proteins that resemble beads on which DNA molecules are wound are called

A) motor proteins.
B) centrioles.
C) histones.
D) spindles.
E) kinetochores.

Question 37

Which of these statements concerning the centromere is NOT true?

A) It appears to join duplicated DNAs.
B) Its position along the chromosome varies.
C) It anchors proteins to DNA.
D) It is temporary.
E) It is the attachment site for microtubules.

Question 38

DNA replication occurs

A) between the gap phases (G1 and G2) of interphase.
B) at any time during cell division.
C) during prophase of mitosis.
D) immediately before prophase of mitosis.
E) during prophase of meiosis.

Question 39

In a eukaryotic cell that is undergoing cell division, what will become a new chromosome?

A) A telomere
B) A chromatid
C) A locus
D) A centromere

Question 40

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes differ?

A) Prokaryotic chromosomes are not contained in a membrane- bound organelle.
B) Prokaryotic chromosomes are not made from nucleotides.
C) Eukaryotic chromosomes occur singly, and prokaryotic chromosomes occur as pairs.
D) Genetic information is stored as DNA in eukaryotic cells and as proteins in prokaryotic cells.

Question 41

What structure is responsible for moving the chromosomes during mitosis?

A) nucleolus
B) spindle
C) nuclear membrane
D) cytoplasm

Question 42

Each chromosome consists of two

A) daughter cells.
B) chromatids.
C) centrofibers.
D) centrioles.

Question 43

The two main stages of the cell cycle are called

A) cytokinesis and mitosis.
B) interphase and anaphase.
C) telophase and cytokinesis.
D) mitosis and interphase.

Question 44

Beginning with a newly formed daughter cell, what is the order of the other stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

A) Mitosis, G1, G2, S
B) G1, S, G2, mitosis
C) Mitosis, S, G1, G2
D) G1, G2, mitosis, S

Question 45

The chromosomes and genes are actually replicated during

A) prophase.
B) interphase.
C) telophase.
D) metaphase.
E) anaphase.

Question 46

The spindle fibers are produced by the

A) chromatin.
B) nucleus.
C) chromosomes.
D) centrioles.

Question 47

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA and chromosome replication occur?

A) The G1 phase of interphase
B) Cytokinesis
C) The mitotic phase
D) The S phase of interphase

Question 48

At what phase in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

A) S
B) M
C) G1
D) G0

Question 49

A contractile ring forms in which type of cells?

A) Animals and plants
B) Bacteria and plants
C) Animal
D) Plants

Question 50

All of the following eukaryotes can reproduce asexually EXCEPT

A) domestic dogs.
B) Hydra.
C) Amoeba.
D) aspen trees.
E) Paramecium.

Question 51

During which phase do chromosomes first become visible?

A) Telophase
B) Interphase
C) Prophase
D) Metaphase

Question 52

The spindle apparatus begins to become visible during

A) metaphase.
B) anaphase.
C) prophase.
D) interphase.
E) telophase.

Question 53

Which of the following is the proper sequence for mitosis (I. metaphase, II. telophase, III. prophase, IV. anaphase)?

A) I, III, IV, II
B) III, I, IV, II
C) IV, I, III, II
D) III, IV, I, II
E) I, II, III, IV

Question 54

A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and cell division. How many daughter cells are produced, and what number of chromosomes do they have?

A) 2 daughter cells, 5 chromosomes each
B) 1 daughter cell, 10 chromosomes each
C) 2 daughter cells, 10 chromosomes each
D) 4 daughter cells, 20 chromosomes each

Question 55

Four of the five answers listed below are stages of actual nuclear division. Select the exception.

A) Interphase
B) Anaphase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase
E) Prophase

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT correct?

A) All somatic cells are produced by mitosis.
B) Cytokinesis is a part of mitosis.
C) Metaphase occurs before anaphase.
D) Mitosis produces genetically identical cells.

Question 57

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle do growth and nutrient acquisition occur?

A) The mitotic phase
B) The S phase of interphase
C) Cytokinesis
D) The G1 phase of interphase

Question 58

Which of the following organisms does NOT reproduce its cells by mitosis and cytokinesis?

A) A mushroom
B) A banana tree
C) A cow
D) A cockroach
E) A bacterium

Question 59

The interval before the onset of DNA replication is

A) the G2 stage.
B) all stages.
C) the G1 stage.
D) the S stage.
E) the M stage.

Question 60

In eukaryotic cells, which of the following can occur during the stages of mitosis?

A) Fragmentation and disappearance of nuclear envelope and nucleolus
B) Replication of DNA
C) Duplication of chromatids
D) Synapsis and crossing over
E) All of these

Question 61

In which of the stages below does each chromosome consist of two DNA molecules? (I. metaphase, II. telophase, III. prophase, IV. anaphase)

A) I, II, and III
B) I and III
C) I, III, and IV
D) I, II, III, and IV
E) III and IV

Question 62

The spindle apparatus is made of

A) chromatids.
B) Golgi bodies.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) nucleoprotein.
E) microtubules.

Question 63

The chromosomes have arrived at opposite poles during

A) telophase.
B) prophase.
C) anaphase.
D) interphase.
E) metaphase.

Question 64

Four of the five answers listed below assist in chromosome movement. Select the exception.

A) Spindle microtubules
B) Nuclear envelope
C) Kinetochores
D) Centriole
E) Centromere

Question 65

The chromosomes are aligned at the spindle equator during

A) metaphase.
B) anaphase.
C) prophase.
D) interphase.
E) telophase.

Question 66

The chromatids detach from one another and become visibly separate chromosomes during

A) interphase.
B) prophase.
C) metaphase.
D) anaphase.
E) telophase.

Question 67

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes condense?

A) Anaphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase

Question 68

If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, how many sister chromatids will be present after duplication of the chromosomes?

A) 16
B) 4
C) 8
D) 64
E) 32

Question 69

The nuclear membrane re- forms during

A) metaphase.
B) interphase.
C) anaphase.
D) prophase.
E) telophase.

Question 70

Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called what kind of chromatids?

A) Mother
B) Sister
C) Programmed
D) Daughter
E) Either mother or daughter.

Question 71

The chromosomes are moving to opposite poles during

A) metaphase.
B) anaphase.
C) telophase.
D) interphase.
E) prophase.

Question 72

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in mitotic cell division?

A) Anaphase -telophase -prophase -metaphase
B) Prophase -metaphase -anaphase -telophase
C) Telophase -anaphase -prophase -metaphase
D) Metaphase -prophase -anaphase -telophase

Question 73

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?

A) Metaphase
B) Anaphase
C) Prophase
D) Telophase

Question 74

What is the function of centrioles?

A) They are required for DNA replication.
B) They produce microtubules for the chromosomes to migrate along as they move to opposite poles of the cell.
C) They cause cytokinesis via the concentric shortening of microtubules.
D) They are the structure that holds the two daughter chromatids together at the centromere.

Question 75

Which of the following is correct?

A) The nucleolus reappears following telophase.
B) Interphase is characterized by little cellular activity, as the cell is resting to prepare for the next mitotic event.
C) The chromosomes shorten and thicken during prophase.
D) All of the above.

Question 76

In plant cytokinesis, cellulose is laid down forming

A) a cleavage furrow.
B) cell walls.
C) a cell plate.
D) a middle lamella.
E) a plasma membrane.

Question 77

The distribution of cytoplasm to daughter cells is accomplished during

A) mitosis.
B) prokaryotic fission.
C) meiosis.
D) cytokinesis.
E) karyokinesis.

Question 78

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?

A) Anaphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase

Question 79

Four of the five answers listed below are events occurring during mitosis. Select the exception.

A) Chromosome replication
B) Attachment of spindle microtubules to centromeres
C) Division of centromere
D) Lining up of chromosomes at the cellular equator
E) Migration of chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell

Question 80

In mitosis, if a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?

A) 32
B) 8
C) 4
D) 16
E) 64