Deck 4: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of plastids?

A) Storing pigments
B) Extracting energy from food and converting it to ATP
C) Storing photosynthetic products
D) Carrying out photosynthesis

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A mutant plant cell with no chloroplasts would

A) synthesize new chloroplasts in the nucleus.
B) still be able to capture energy as sunlight.
C) appear green in color.
D) still be able to use carbohydrates as an energy source for a short period of time.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which type of microscope has the best resolution?

A) Hooke's microscope
B) A modern light microscope
C) Leeuwenhoek's microscope
D) An electron microscope

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is the smallest?

A) Virus
B) Mitochondrion
C) Prokaryotic cell
D) Eukaryotic cell

Question 5

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an example of a(n)

A) phospholipid.
B) organelle.
C) glycoprotein.
D) polysaccharide.

Question 6

Phospholipids are

A) completely hydrophobic.
B) completely hydrophilic.
C) made on the ribosomes.
D) found in cell membranes.

Question 7

Of the following cell components, which is composed of protein fibers that provide shape and organization to eukaryotic cells?

A) Golgi complex
B) Mitochondria
C) Cytoskeleton
D) Chromatin
E) DNA

Question 8

The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains all of the following EXCEPT

A) chromosomes.
B) dissolved nutrients.
C) enzymes.
D) organelles.
E) water.

Question 9

Membrane proteins are synthesized on ribosomes that are located

A) on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
B) in the cytoplasm.
C) on the Golgi apparatus.
D) in the nucleus.
E) on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 10

All the following are important functions of the cytoskeleton EXCEPT

A) movement of organelles.
B) maintenance of organization in the cell.
C) assistance during cell division.
D) storage of food molecules.
E) maintenance of shape.

Question 11

Which of the following is so small, it is visible only with an electron microscope?

A) DNA
B) Prokaryotic cell
C) Eukaryotic cell
D) Mitochondrion

Question 12

The phospholipids that make up the plasma membrane have _ heads and tails.

A) eukaryotic; prokaryotic
B) cytoplasmic; phagocytic
C) hydrophobic; hydrophilic
D) prokaryotic; eukaryotic
E) hydrophilic; hydrophobic

Question 13

Plastids are found in cells.

A) plant
B) fungal
C) animal
D) bacterial

Question 14

Of the items listed, which is the smallest that you can see with the unaided eye?

A) Frog embryo
B) Ribosomes
C) Human skin cell
D) DNA molecule
E) Virus

Question 15

All cells possess all of the following components EXCEPT

A) cytoplasm.
B) a plasma cell membrane.
C) a nuclear membrane.
D) ribosomes.
E) genetic material (DNA or RNA).

Question 16

Which of the following components is NOT part of the modern cell theory?

A) All cells arise from preexisting cells.
B) Cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms.
C) Bacteria are examples of eukaryotic cells.
D) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
E) The smallest living organisms are single cells.

Question 17

Flagellated cells can

A) attach to surfaces more effectively because of the flagella.
B) move the cell through fluid.
C) divide more quickly than nonflagellated cells.
D) move internal organelles more efficiently than nonflagellated cells.

Question 18

Which of the following statements does NOT agree with the cell theory?

A) A balanced diet is important for good health.
B) Spontaneous generation of cells cannot occur.
C) The smallest living organisms are single cells.
D) Paramecium comes from Paramecium.
E) Insects are composed of cells.

Question 19

What primarily determines the shape of animal cells, which lack cell walls?

A) Cytoplasm
B) Cytoskeleton
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Nucleus
E) Ribosomes

Question 20

What is NOT a feature of a prokaryotic cell?

A) DNA
B) A nuclear membrane
C) Enzymes
D) Ribosomes
E) A plasma membrane

Question 21

Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, have large quantities of

A) DNA.
B) cytoplasmic ribosomes.
C) plasma membranes.
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
E) enzymes.

Question 22

A cell with a large number of lysosomes would most likely be very active in

A) lipid synthesis.
B) movement.
C) cell division.
D) phagocytosis.

Question 23

Which of the following does NOT possess a double membrane?

A) Ribosome
B) Nuclear envelope
C) Plastid
D) Chloroplast
E) Mitochondrion

Question 24

Fibers of the cytoskeleton are composed of primarily

A) proteins.
B) nucleic acids.
C) polysaccharides.
D) ER.
E) lipids.

Question 25

The Golgi apparatus packages materials into _ _ for transport or export.

A) plastids
B) organelles
C) nucleoli
D) vacuoles
E) vesicles

Question 26

The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is characterized by

A) a nonporous membrane.
B) a single- layered membrane.
C) a double membrane.
D) a triple- layer membrane.

Question 27

Which organelle is most abundant in cardiac muscle cells?

A) Golgi complexes
B) Smooth ER
C) Lysosomes
D) Plastids
E) Mitochondria

Question 28

What is the function of a plant cell vacuole?

A) Packages proteins for export
B) Replicates chromosomes
C) Stores water
D) Initiates division of the cell

Question 29

A nucleolus is

A) an extra nucleus in the cell.
B) the area in a prokaryote where DNA is concentrated.
C) an area where the nucleus is synthesized.
D) an area in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells where ribosomes are synthesized and assembled.
E) a membrane- bound organelle.

Question 30

If a cell contains large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), then

A) membrane lipids could be produced by that cell.
B) membrane proteins and phospholipids are lacking in the cell.
C) few, if any, enzymes for biochemical processes are manufactured by that cell.
D) large amounts of protein hormones could be produced and exported by the cell.
E) digestive enzymes cannot be manufactured by that cell.

Question 31

Which cellular organelle packages enzymes and forms lysosomes?

A) Smooth ER
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Mitochondrion
D) Rough ER

Question 32

Which of the following "buds off" of the Golgi complex?

A) Ribosomes
B) Nuclei
C) Cells
D) Vesicles
E) Cytoskeleton

Question 33

What is the difference between free and attached ribosomes?

A) Free ribosomes are readily "used up" by the cell and are replaced frequently, whereas attached ribosomes remain functional for the lifetime of the cell.
B) Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell, whereas attached ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts.
C) Free ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm, whereas attached ribosomes are embedded on the endoplasmic reticulum.
D) Free ribosomes produce proteins, whereas attached ribosomes produce carbohydrates.

Question 34

How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles?

A) Defective organelles accumulate until the cell itself dies.
B) Ribosomes remove malfunctioning organelles by degrading the parts.
C) Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them.
D) The organelles are exported by phagocytosis.
E) The organelles are engulfed by plastids and stored.

Question 35

Researchers have been able to study the pathway of a secreted protein by "tagging" it with a fluorescent marker. Using this method, you would observe fluorescence moving from the ER to which organelle?

A) Plasma membrane
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Lysosome
E) Nuclear membrane

Question 36

Which statement most accurately describes the interactions among ER, ribosomes, and Golgi bodies in exporting protein from the cell?

A) ER manufactures proteins, which are carried by ribosomes to the Golgi bodies for export.
B) Golgi bodies manufacture proteins, which travel through the ER to be packaged by the ribosomes for export.
C) ER manufactures proteins, which are carried by the Golgi bodies to the ribosomes for export.
D) Ribosomes make proteins that travel through the Golgi bodies to the ER, which exports them.
E) Ribosomes manufacture proteins, which travel through the ER and are packaged by the Golgi bodies for export.

Question 37

Which of the following is associated with rough ER?

A) Plasma membrane
B) Chlorophyll
C) Ribosomes
D) Lipid synthesis
E) DNA

Question 38

If all of the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured and released their contents, what could occur?

A) The DNA within the mitochondria would begin to degrade.
B) The biological molecules in the cell would begin to degrade.
C) There would be no change in the normal function of the cell.
D) The mitochondria and chloroplasts would begin to divide.
E) The number of proteins in the cell would begin to increase.

Question 39

Choose the correct pathway of information flow in the cell.

A) ER -DNA -Golgi -protein
B) ER -DNA -RNA -protein
C) RNA -DNA -protein
D) DNA -RNA -protein

Question 40

Ribosomes are the site of synthesis.

A) RNA
B) protein
C) glucose
D) nucleoli
E) DNA

Question 41

Which of the following is capable of converting solar energy into chemical energy?

A) Vacuoles
B) Chloroplasts
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Mitochondria
E) Vesicles

Question 42

All of the following are dependent on cilia EXCEPT the

A) respiratory tract of vertebrates.
B) sperm of animals.
C) gills of oysters.
D) oviduct in mammals.

Question 43

Which of the following is the thinnest?

A) A flagellum
B) A microfilament
C) An intermediate filament
D) A microtubule

Question 44

Makes steroid hormones

Question 45

Responsible for most of a muscle cell's ATP generation

Question 46

Which of the following provides evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free- living prokaryotic organisms?

A) They produce digestive enzymes on their rough ER.
B) They capture the energy of sunlight to make ATP.
C) They contain nucleoids.
D) They contain their own DNA, independent of the nucleus.

Question 47

A plant cell adapted for waste storage would probably contain a large number of

A) ribosomes.
B) nuclei.
C) ER.
D) vacuoles.
E) mitochondria.

Question 48

Which pair of organelles is responsible for supplying energy (in the form of ATP) to eukaryotic cells?

A) Chloroplasts and ribosomes
B) Golgi apparatus and ribosomes
C) Chloroplasts and mitochondria
D) Mitochondria and lysosomes
E) Ribosomes and mitochondria

Question 49

A particular cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a(n) cell.

A) animal, but not a plant
B) bacterial
C) plant or animal
D) plant or bacterial
E) plant, but not an animal

Question 50

Digests damaged organelles

Question 51

The organelle that extracts energy in food to produce ATP energy is the

A) chloroplast.
B) cytoplasm.
C) mitochondrion.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosome.

Question 52

Sorts proteins and sends them to their proper destination

Question 53

All of the following cells contain mitochondria EXCEPT

A) plant cells.
B) animal cells.
C) eukaryotic cells.
D) prokaryotic cells.

Question 54

Site of protein synthesis

Question 55

All of the following are characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts EXCEPT

A) both are surrounded by a double membrane.
B) both synthesize ATP.
C) both can capture the energy of sunlight.
D) both likely evolved from prokaryotic bacteria.
E) both possess their own DNA, independent of the nucleus.

Question 56

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells possess

A) chloroplasts.
B) mitochondria.
C) a nucleus.
D) ribosomes.

Question 57

Which of the following relationships is FALSE?

A) Nucleus- genetic information
B) Mitochondria- formation of ATP
C) Ribosomes- site of protein synthesis
D) Cell wall- support and protection
E) Chloroplasts- chief site of lipid synthesis

Question 58

Which of the following cell structures is NOT found in a bacterial cell?

A) Central vacuole
B) Ribosomes
C) DNA
D) Plasma membrane
E) Cell wall

Question 59

A cell from a wheat plant contains all of the following EXCEPT a

A) flagellum.
B) mitochondrion.
C) cell wall.
D) cytoskeleton.
E) chloroplast.

Question 60

Which is a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A) Prokaryotes have DNA, whereas eukaryotes have RNA.
B) Prokaryotes have RNA, whereas eukaryotes have DNA.
C) Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, whereas eukaryotes have a nucleus.
D) Prokaryotes have a cell wall, but eukaryotes do not.
E) Prokaryotes have a nucleus, whereas eukaryotes have a nucleoid.

Question 61

The small, circular loops of DNA in prokaryotic cells that are separate from the main chromosome and may carry genes associated with antibiotic resistance are called

A) pili.
B) plastids.
C) cristae.
D) ribosomes.
E) plasmids.

Question 62

The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is in the region of the cytoplasm.

Question 63

Which of the following is a FALSE statement about prokaryotes?

A) Prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes.
B) Prokaryotes are so small that they can be seen only with a high- power electron microscope.
C) Prokaryotes may contain extra genes in plasmids.
D) Prokaryotes have a plasma membrane, similar to that of eukaryotes.

Question 64

What size, in diameter, are most single cells?

Question 65

A cell that contains a large number of ribosomes would produce a large number of molecules.

Question 66

What are the three main components of modern cell theory?

Question 67

Prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria, so they cannot make ATP energy.

Question 68

Prokaryotes that are rod- shaped are called

A) bacilli.
B) spirilla.
C) cocci.
D) eukaryotes.

Question 69

What components do all cells possess?

Question 70

The is an organelle in which some of the proteins synthesized on ribosomes and rough ER are modified and packaged.

Question 71

Imagine that a protein molecule is to be exported from a cell. Describe the pathway that the protein takes from the point of synthesis to export.

Question 72

Some bacteria, including many that cause disease, attach to surfaces using external _ or slime _ and/or hair- like protein strands called attachment .

Question 73

RNA carries information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. To get from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, RNA must pass through a in the nuclear membrane.

Question 74

The fluid portion of the cytoplasm of a cell is the _ .

Question 75

Why are cells generally small?

Question 76

Describe the main functions of the plasma membrane.

Question 77

The is an organelle that extracts energy from food molecules and converts it into ATP; the is an organelle that captures solar energy and converts it into food energy.

Question 78

Cells that have a nucleus are referred to as cells; those that lack a membrane- bound nucleus are called
cells.

Question 79

Prokaryotic cells do NOT have

A) genes.
B) cilia.
C) ribosomes.
D) cytoplasm.
E) flagella.

Question 80

If you removed the sex pili from a bacterial cell, then the

A) bacterium would dry out.
B) bacterium could no longer exchange DNA with other cells.
C) shape of the bacterium would change.
D) bacterium could no longer regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.
E) bacterium could no longer swim.