Deck 2: Chemical Principles

Question 1

Table 2.2 NaOH ⇌ Na+ + OH-  base HF ⇌ H+ + F- - acid
MgSO4 ⇌ Mg2+ + SO42-  salt KH₂PO4 ⇌ K+ + H₂PO4-  acid H₂SO4 ⇌ 2H+ + SO42-  salt
Which of the following statements about the reactions in Table 2.2 is FALSE?

A) They are exchange reactions.
B) They are dissociation reactions.
C) They are ionization reactions.
D) They occur when the reactants are dissolved in water.
E) They are reversible reactions.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which type of molecule contains the alcohol glycerol?

A) protein
B) phospholipids
C) carbohydrate
D) DNA

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Identify the following reaction: Lactose + H₂O → Glucose + Galactose

A) dehydration synthesis reaction
B) hydrolysis reaction
C) exchange reaction
D) reversible reaction
E) ionic reaction

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Water freezes from the top down.
B) Water is formed as a part of a dehydration synthesis reaction.
C) Water molecules are formed by hydrolysis.
D) Water is a polar molecule.
E) Salts readily dissolve in water.

Question 5

Identify the following reaction: NH4OH ⇌ NH3 + H₂O

A) dehydration synthesis reaction
B) hydrolysis reaction
C) exchange reaction
D) reversible reaction
E) ionic reaction

Question 6

Antacids neutralize acid by the following reaction. Identify the salt in the following equation: Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H₂O

A) Mg(OH)2
B) HCl
C) H₂O
D) MgCl2
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is the type of bond between molecules of water in a beaker of water?

A) ionic bond
B) covalent bond
C) hydrogen bond

Question 8

Which type of molecule NEVER contains a phosphate group?

A) nucleic acid
B) phospholipid
C) triglycerides
D) ATP

Question 9

Identify the following reaction: Glucose + Fructose → Sucrose + Water

A) dehydration synthesis reaction
B) hydrolysis reaction
C) exchange reaction
D) reversible reaction
E) ionic reaction

Question 10

Table 2.1 16 O 12 C 1 H
8 6 1
Using the information in Table 2.1, calculate the number of moles in 92 grams of ethanol, C2H5OH.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) The answer cannot be determined.

Question 11

Based upon the valence numbers of the elements magnesium (2) and hydrogen (1), predict how many covalent bonds would form between these atoms to achieve the full complement of electrons in their outermost energy shells.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the atom 12 C is FALSE? 6

A) It has 12 neutrons in its nucleus.
B) It has 6 electrons orbiting the nucleus.
C) It has 6 protons in its nucleus.
D) Its atomic weight is 12.
E) Its atomic number is 6.

Question 13

Which type of molecule is composed of (CH₂O) units?

A) nucleic acid
B) lipid
C) carbohydrate
D) protein

Question 14

What is the type of bond holding hydrogen and oxygen atoms together in a single H 2O molecule?

A) ionic bond
B) covalent bond
C) hydrogen bond

Question 15

Table 2.1 16 O 12 C 1 H
8 6 1
Using the information in Table 2.1, calculate the molecular weight of ethanol, C 2H5OH.

A) 46
B) 34
C) 96
D) 33
E) The answer cannot be determined.

Question 16

Which type of molecule contains -NH₂ (amino) groups?

A) carbohydrate
B) triglycerides
C) protein
D) nucleic acid

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding protein structure is FALSE?

A) Quaternary structures involved multiple polypeptides.
B) Tertiary structures are formed only from covalent bonds.
C) The primary structure is formed by covalent bonding between amino acid subunits.
D) Secondary structures are formed only from hydrogen bonds.

Question 18

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) MgSO4 ⇌ Mg2+ + SO42-  salt
B) KH₂PO4 ⇌ K+ + H₂PO4-  acid
C) HF ⇌ H+ + F- ‐ acid
D) H₂SO4 ⇌ 2H+ + SO42-  acid
E) NaOH ⇌ Na+ + OH-  base

Question 19

Which of the following is the type of bond holding K+ and I- ions in KI?

A) ionic bond
B) covalent bond
C) hydrogen bond

Question 20

Identify the following reaction: HCl + NaHCO3 → NaCl + H₂CO3

A) dehydration synthesis reaction
B) hydrolysis reaction
C) exchange reaction
D) reversible reaction
E) ionic reaction

Question 21

Figure 2.3 What kind of bond is at the arrow in Figure 2.3?

A) ionic bond
B) hydrogen bond
C) double covalent bond
D) peptide bond
E) disulfide bridge

Question 22

An E. coli culture that has been growing at 37°C is moved to 25°C. Which of the following changes must be made in its plasma membrane to help it cope with the decrease in temperature?

A) The number of saturated chains must increase.
B) The viscosity must increase.
C) The number of unsaturated chains must increase.
D) The number of phosphate groups must increase.
E) No changes are necessary.

Question 23

Figure 2.1

Which compound in Figure 2.1 is an ester?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 24

Most amino acids found in cells demonstrate what type of chirality?

A) A-isomers
B) L-isomers
C) D-isomers
D) C-isomers
E) B-isomers

Question 25

Two glucose molecules are combined to make a maltose molecule. What is the chemical formula for maltose?

A) C3H6O3
B) C6H12O6
C) C12H₂4O12
D) C12H₂3O10
E) C12H₂2O11

Question 26

Radioisotopes are frequently used to label molecules in a cell. The fate of atoms and molecules in a cell can then be followed. Assume Saccharomyces cerevisiae is grown in a nutrient medium containing the radioisotope 32P. After a 48-hour incubation, the majority of the 32P would be found in the S. cerevisiaeʹs

A) cell wall.
B) water.
C) proteins.
D) plasma membrane.
E) carbohydrates.

Question 27

What is the type of bond between ions in salt?

A) hydrogen bond
B) covalent bond
C) ionic bond

Question 28

Figure 2.1

Which compound in Figure 2.1 is an organic acid?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 29

Which molecule is composed of a chain of amino acids?

A) carbohydrate
B) lipid
C) protein
D) nucleic acid

Question 30

What is the type of strong chemical bond between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a single organic molecule?

A) hydrogen bond
B) ionic bond
C) covalent bond

Question 31

Radioisotopes are frequently used to label molecules in a cell. The fate of atoms and molecules in a cell can then be followed. Assume Saccharomyces cerevisiae is grown in a nutrient medium containing the radioisotope 35S. After a 48-hour incubation, the 35S would most likely be found in the S. cerevisiaeʹs

A) proteins.
B) nucleic acids.
C) lipids.
D) carbohydrates.
E) water.

Question 32

The antimicrobial drug imidazole inhibits sterol synthesis. This would most likely interfere with

A) bacterial cell walls.
B) prokaryotic plasma membranes.
C) fungal cell walls.
D) genes.
E) eukaryotic plasma membranes.

Question 33

Figure 2.1

In Figure 2.1, which is an alcohol?

A) a
B) b
C) c
D) d
E) e

Question 34

What is the type of weak bond between the hydrogen of one molecule and the nitrogen of another molecule, where the two donʹt actively share an electron?

A) hydrogen bond
B) hydrophobic bond
C) disulfide bond
D) covalent bond
E) ionic bond

Question 35

Structurally, ATP is most like which type of molecule?

A) carbohydrate
B) lipid
C) protein
D) nucleic acid

Question 36

A scientist wants to perform a test that will indicate whether a nucleic acid sample is composed of RNA or DNA. Testing for the presence of which of the following is most appropriate in this situation?

A) thymine
B) guanine
C) uracil
D) nitrogen
E) phosphate

Question 37

Which are the primary molecules making up plasma membranes in cells?

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids

Question 38

What do genes consist of?

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids

Question 39

Starch, dextran, glycogen, and cellulose are polymers of

A) amino acids.
B) fatty acids.
C) glucose.
D) acids.
E) nucleic acids.

Question 40

Which of the following is a base?

A) H₂CO
B) C2H5OCOOH → H+ + C2H5OCOO-
C) NaOH → Na+ + OH-
D) H₂O → H+ + OH-
E) C2H5OH

Question 41

Elements only achieve the full complement of electrons in outermost energy cells by donating away or sharing electrons.

Question 42

All chemical reactions are, in theory, reversible.

Question 43

Covalent bonds are always shared equally.

Question 44

All forms of life function optimally at a pH of 7.

Question 45

There are some forms of life on Earth that can survive without water.

Question 46

If an amino acid contained a hydrocarbon (a group of multiple carbons and hydrogens linked together) as its side group, in which of the following categories could it be appropriately designated?

A) polar
B) nonpolar
C) basic
D) acidic
E) hydrophilic

Question 47

Describe how the properties of phospholipids make these molecules well suited for plasma membranes.

Question 48

Individual covalent bonds are stronger than individual ionic bonds.

Question 49

A basic solution is expected to contain more hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions.

Question 50

Any compound that contains carbon is considered to be strictly organic.

Question 51

The density of liquid water is greater than the density of ice.

Question 52

The formation of ADP from ATP can be defined as a hydrolytic reaction.