Deck 11: The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

Question 1

You have isolated a bacterium that grows in a medium containing only inorganic nutrients. Ammonia is oxidized to a nitrate ion. This bacterium is

A) gram-negative.
B) using anaerobic respiration.
C) a chemoautotroph.
D) a photoheterotroph.
E) a photoautotroph.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Figure 11.1 What is group ʺc.ʺ in the key shown in Figure 11.1?

A) spirochaetes
B) planctomycetes
C) chlamydiae
D) fusobacteria
E) bacteroidetes

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following bacteria is gram-positive?

A) Bacteroides
B) Rickettsia
C) Salmonella
D) Streptococcus
E) Pseudomonas

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following genera is an anaerobic gram-negative rod?

A) Escherichia
B) Treponema
C) Neisseria
D) Staphylococcus
E) Bacteroides

Question 5

You have isolated a bacterium that grows in a medium containing an organic substrate and nitrate in the absence of oxygen. The nitrate is reduced to nitrogen gas. You can be sure that this bacterium is

A) a chemoautotroph.
B) a photoheterotroph.
C) a photoautotroph.
D) gram-positive.
E) using anaerobic respiration.

Question 6

Which of the following are found primarily in the intestines of humans?

A) facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods
B) gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci
C) endospore-forming rods
D) gram-positive cocci
E) aerobic, helical bacteria

Question 7

Which of the following form conidiospores?

A) endospore-forming gram-positive rods and cocci
B) rickettsias
C) anaerobic gram-negative cocci
D) actinomycetes and related organisms
E) spiral and curved bacteria

Question 8

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus can be easily differentiated in a laboratory by which one of the following?

A) glucose fermentation
B) growth in high salt concentrations
C) ability to cause disease
D) cell shape
E) Gram stain reaction

Question 9

Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others?

A) Bacillus
B) Staphylococcus
C) Streptococcus
D) Escherichia
E) Lactobacillus

Question 10

Which of the following lacks a cell wall?

A) Clostridium
B) Mycobacterium
C) Borrelia
D) Mycoplasma
E) Nocardia

Question 11

Which of the following bacteria is gram-negative?

A) Bacillus
B) Mycobacterium
C) Treponema
D) Corynebacterium
E) Staphylococcus

Question 12

Which of the following do you expect to be MOST resistant to high temperatures?

A) Bacillus subtilis
B) Eschericia coli
C) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
D) Streptococcocus pyogenes
E) Staphylococcus aureus

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an enteric?

A) Salmonella
B) Campylobacter
C) Shigella
D) Enterobacter
E) Escherichia

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic inherent of the non-endospore-forming gram-positive rods?

A) nonpathogenic
B) carry out fermentative metabolism
C) display a branched filamentous morphology
D) are aerotolerant
E) lack cell walls

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of spirochetes?

A) found in the human oral cavity
B) easily observed with brightfield microscopy
C) possess an axial filament
D) helical shape
E) gram-negative

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Neisseria?

A) Some species are human pathogens.
B) cocci
C) gram-negative
D) oxidase-positive
E) requires X and V factors

Question 17

Escherichia coli belongs to the

A) green sulfur bacteria.
B) spirochetes.
C) actinomycetes.
D) gram-positive bacteria.
E) proteobacteria.

Question 18

Rickettsias differ from chlamydias in that rickettsias

A) are enterics.
B) are gram-negative.
C) are intracellular parasites.
D) form elementary bodies.
E) require an arthropod for transmission.

Question 19

Requirements for X and V factors are used to identify

A) Haemophilus.
B) Pseudomonas.
C) Escherichia.
D) Staphylococcus.
E) Neisseria.

Question 20

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria  produce H₂S
B) Cytophaga  a gliding, nonfruiting bacterium
C) actinomycetes  reproduce by fragmentation
D) chemoautotrophic bacteria  fix atmospheric nitrogen
E) archaea  extremophiles

Question 21

You have isolated a gram-positive rod. What should you do next?

A) Gram stain
B) enterotube
C) lactose fermentation
D) endospore stain
E) flagella stain

Question 22

Caulobacter are different from most bacteria in that they

A) are gram-negative.
B) are gram-positive.
C) have stalks.
D) are motile.
E) lack cell walls.

Question 23

Both Beggiatoa and the purple sulfur bacteria use H₂S. These bacteria differ in that Beggiatoa

A) belongs to the gammaproteobacteria.
B) uses H₂S for a carbon source.
C) uses H₂S for an energy source.
D) uses light energy.
E) is a heterotroph.

Question 24

The nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria use organic compounds as

A) electron donors to reduce Co₂.
B) energy sources.
C) electron acceptors.
D) carbon sources.
E) oxygen sources.

Question 25

All of the following bacteria are motile. Which does NOT have flagella?

A) spirochetes
B) helical bacteria
C) Pseudomonas
D) Escherichia
E) Salmonella

Question 26

Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Serratia are all

A) gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rods.
B) gram-positive aerobic cocci.
C) fermentative.
D) pathogens.
E) endospore-forming bacteria.

Question 27

You have isolated an aerobic gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium that grows well on nutrient agar. To which of the following groups does it most likely belong?

A) deltaproteobacteria
B) bacillales
C) phototrophic bacteria
D) gammaproteobacteria
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 28

Actinomycetes differ from fungi in that actinomycetes

A) lack a membrane-bounded nucleus.
B) are chemoheterotrophs.
C) cause disease.
D) are decomposers.
E) require light.

Question 29

A primary difference between cyanobacteria and purple and green phototrophic bacteria is

A) color.
B) electron donor for Co₂ reduction.
C) energy source.
D) cell type.
E) cell wall type.

Question 30

Streptomyces differs from Actinomyces because Streptomyces

A) makes antibiotics.
B) forms filaments.
C) is a strict aerobe.
D) is a bacterium.
E) produces conidia.

Question 31

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) Pseudomonas  gram-positive
B) aerobic, helical bacteria  gram-negative
C) mycobacteria  acid-fast
D) spirochete  axial filament
E) enterics  gram-negative

Question 32

Which one of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others?

A) Salmonella
B) Burkholderia
C) Neisseria
D) Acidithiobacillus
E) Bordetella

Question 33

Which of the following bacteria are responsible for more infections and more different kinds of infections?

A) Pseudomonas
B) Streptococcus
C) Neisseria
D) Staphylococcus
E) Salmonella

Question 34

All of the following bacteria are gram-positive. Which does NOT belong with the others?

A) Gardnerella
B) Listeria
C) Corynebacterium
D) Actinomyces
E) Mycobacterium

Question 35

Thiobacillus oxidizes inorganic sulfur compounds and reduces Co₂. This bacterium is a

A) chemoheterotroph.
B) chemoautotroph.
C) gammaproteobacteria.
D) photoheterotroph.
E) photoautotroph.

Question 36

Which of the following statements about the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is FALSE?

A) It is transmitted by ticks.
B) It is gram-negative.
C) It is found in soil and water.
D) It is in the genus Rickettsia.
E) It is an intracellular parasite.

Question 37

Which of the following is the best reason to classify Streptococcus in the Lactobacillales?

A) Gram reaction
B) morphology
C) fermentation of lactose
D) found in dairy products
E) rRNA sequences

Question 38

Borrelia is classified as a spirochete because it

A) is transmitted by ticks.
B) possesses an axial filament.
C) is a rod.
D) is a pathogen.
E) is aerobic.

Question 39

You have isolated a prokaryotic cell. The first step in identification is a(n)

A) Gram stain.
B) endospore stain.
C) lactose fermentation test.
D) DNA fingerprint.
E) flagella stain.

Question 40

Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others?

A) Staphylococcus
B) Rickettsia
C) Wolbachia
D) Coxiella
E) Ehrlichia

Question 41

Burkholderia was reclassified from the gammaproteobacteria to the betaproteobacteria because

A) it causes infections in cystic fibrosis patients.
B) it is a gram-negative rod.
C) its rRNA sequence is similar to that of Neisseria.
D) it causes melioidosis.
E) it grows in disinfectants.

Question 42

The majority of bacterial species on Earth have not been successfully cultivated.

Question 43

A colleague proposes that the Archaea may be the oldest life forms currently inhabiting Earth. Do you agree? Explain.

Question 44

The deinococci can be categorized as extremophiles.

Question 45

Myxobacteria are classified as actinobacteria due to fungal-like lifestyle.

Question 46

The Gram stain is not suitable for identifying members of the Archaea.

Question 47

Photosynthetic organisms always produce oxygen gas as a metabolic byproduct.

Question 48

Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched?

A) myxospore  gliding bacteria
B) endospore  Clostridium
C) endospore  Bacillus
D) elementary body  Escherichia
E) heterocyst  cyanobacteria

Question 49

Which of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others?

A) Halococcus
B) Sulfolobus
C) Methanobacterium
D) Staphylococcus
E) Halobacterium

Question 50

Bacterial predators such as Bdellovibrio are members of the betaproteobacteria.

Question 51

Two distinguishing factors of the epsilonproteobacteria that they are motile and microaerophilic.

Question 52

The crab industry needs female crabs for growing more crabs. What bacterium might be used to ensure development of female crabs and shrimp?

A) Wolbachia
B) Neisseria
C) Acinetobacter
D) Pelagibacter
E) Gemmata

Question 53

Mycoplasmas differ from other bacteria in that they

A) lack a cell wall.
B) are acid-fast.
C) are motile.
D) are gram-negative.
E) grow inside host cells.

Question 54

Currently, no members of Archaea have been linked to human disease.

Question 55

The human body is typically free of archaeal species.

Question 56

All gram-negative bacteria are classified as proteobacteria.

Question 57

The use of culture-independent techniques has increased our understanding of microbial diversity without cultivation. Therefore, do microbiologists still need to attempt to grow new microbial species? Explain.

Question 58

Bacteroides and Escherichia are both gram-negative rods found in the large intestine. Why are they in different phyla?

Question 59

Explain the rationale for using molecular data for classification, in the place of morphology.