Deck 12: The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding fungi is FALSE?

A) Most fungi grow well in acidic culture condition.
B) Fungi reproduce by forming asexual or sexual spores.
C) Most fungi are pathogenic for humans.
D) Fungi tolerate low moisture conditions.
E) Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) teleomorph  produces both sexual and asexual spores
B) systemic mycosis  fungal infection of body organs
C) dimorphic fungus  grows as a yeast or a mold
D) dermatomycosis  fungal infection of the skin
E) coenocytic hyphae  hyphae with cross-walls

Answer 2

E

Question 3

All of the following are characteristic of the Platyhelminthes EXCEPT that they

A) have highly developed digestive and nervous systems.
B) are hermaphroditic.
C) are dorsoventrally flattened.
D) are multicellular animals.
E) can be divided into flukes and tapeworms.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Table 12.1
1- Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium
2- Ascospore 6-Conidiospore
3- Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore
4- Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore
In Table 12.1, which of these spores are characteristic of Rhizopus?

A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 8
C) 6 and 7
D) 1 and 4
E) 7 and 8

Question 5

Table 12.1
1- Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium
2- Ascospore 6-Conidiospore
3- Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore
4- Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore
In Table 12.1, which is a thick-walled spore formed as a segment within a hypha?

A) 5
B) 1
C) 3
D) 7
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the oomycote algae is FALSE?

A) They form hyphae.
B) They produce zoospores in a sporangium.
C) They have chlorophyll.
D) They cause plant diseases.
E) They reproduce sexually.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about helminths is FALSE?

A) They are heterotrophic.
B) They are multicellular animals.
C) Some have male and female reproductive organs in one animal.
D) They have eukaryotic cells.
E) All are parasites.

Question 8

Which of the following tends to be more complex in a parasitic helminth than in free -living helminths?

A) nervous system
B) digestive system
C) digestive and nervous systems
D) reproductive system
E) digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems

Question 9

In mid-December, a woman with insulin-dependent diabetes who had been on prednisone fell and received an abrasion on the dorsal side of her right hand. She was placed on penicillin. By the end of January, the ulcer had not healed, and she was referred to a plastic surgeon. On January 30, a swab of the wound was cultured at 35°C on blood agar. On the same day, a smear was made for Gram staining. The Gram stain showed large (10 μm) cells. Brownish, waxy colonies grew on the blood agar. Slide cultures set up on February 1 and incubated at 25°C showed septate hyphae and single conidia. The most likely cause of the infection is a

A) parasitic alga.
B) gram-negative bacterium.
C) yeast.
D) protozoan.
E) dimorphic fungus.

Question 10

Table 12.1
1- Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium
2- Ascospore 6-Conidiospore
3- Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore
4- Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore
In Table 12.1, which of these spores are characteristic of Penicillium?

A) 2 and 6
B) 4 and 6
C) 3 and 4
D) 1 and 4
E) 1 and 2

Question 11

In the malaria parasite life cycle, humans are the host, while mosquitoes are the host as well as the vector.

A) intermediate; definitive
B) intermediate; intermediate
C) definitive; intermediate
D) temporary; final
E) vector; intermediate

Question 12

Which of the following pairs are mismatched? 1. arthroconidium  formed by fragmentation
2) sporangiospore  formed within hyphae
3) conidiospore  formed in a chain
4) blastoconidium  formed from a bud
5) chlamydoconidium  formed in a sac

A) 2 and 3
B) 4 and 5
C) 3 and 4
D) 2 and 5
E) 1 and 2

Question 13

Seventeen patients in ten hospitals had cutaneous infections caused by Rhizopus. In all seventeen patients, Elastoplast bandages were placed over sterile gauze pads to cover wounds. Fourteen of the patients had surgical wounds, two had venous line insertion sites, and one had a bite wound. Lesions present when the bandages were removed ranged from vesiculopustular eruptions to ulcerations and skin necrosis requiring debridement. Fungi are more likely than bacteria to contaminate bandages because they

A) cannot tolerate high osmotic pressure.
B) prefer a neutral environment (pH 7).
C) are aerobic.
D) have a fermentative metabolism.
E) can tolerate low-moisture conditions.

Question 14

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) dinoflagellates  paralytic shellfish poisoning
B) diatoms  petroleum
C) green algae  prokaryotic
D) red algae  agar
E) brown algae  algin

Question 15

Helminthic diseases are usually transmitted to humans by

A) aerosols.
B) vectors.
C) genitourinary route.
D) respiratory route.
E) gastrointestinal route.

Question 16

Table 12.1
1- Arthroconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium
2- Ascospore 6-Conidiospore
3- Basidiospore 7-Sporangiospore
4- Blastoconidium 8-Zygospore
In Table 12.1, which of these spores are asexual spores?

A) 2, 4, 6, 7, 8
B) 1, 3, 5, 8
C) 2, 3, 6, 8
D) 1, 4, 5, 6, 7
E) All of the spores are asexual.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Fungi produce asexual spores.
B) Fungi produce sexual spores.
C) Fungal spores are highly resistant to heat and chemical agents.
D) Fungal spores are used in identification of fungi.
E) Fungal spores are for asexual or sexual reproduction.

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding lichens is FALSE?

A) Lichens represent a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga.
B) The algal partner produces carbohydrates that are absorbed by the fungal partner.
C) Lichens are often the first life form to colonize rock or soil.
D) The fungal partner provides a means of attachment and protects the algal partner from desiccation.
E) Lichens are a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a protozoan.

Question 19

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) microsporidia  lack mitochondria
B) Ascomycota  conidiospores
C) Basidiomycota  basidiospores
D) Zygomycota  sporangiospores
E) anamorphs  lack spores

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding protozoa is FALSE?

A) Nearly all protozoa cause disease.
B) Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes.
C) Protozoa are common in water and soil.
D) Most protozoa reproduce asexually.
E) Some protozoan pathogens are transmitted by arthropod vectors.

Question 21

Which of the following organisms is photoautotrophic protozoan?

A) plasmodial slime mold
B) oomycote
C) cellular slime mold
D) Euglena
E) Phytophthora

Question 22

All of the following are characteristic of algae EXCEPT which ONE of the following?

A) Most are photoautotrophs.
B) They may be unicellular or multicellular.
C) They are currently classified as plants.
D) Some produce harmful toxins.
E) They mostly live in aquatic habitats.

Question 23

Giardia and Trichomonas are unusual eukaryotes because they

A) do not produce cysts.
B) lack nuclei.
C) lack mitochondria.
D) are motile.
E) do produce cysts.

Question 24

Assume you have isolated a multicellular heterotrophic organism that produces coenocytic hyphae, motile zoospores, and cellulose cell walls. It is most likely a(n)

A) ascomycete fungus.
B) zygomycete fungus.
C) tapeworm.
D) oomycote alga.
E) green alga.

Question 25

The life cycle of the fish tapeworm is similar to that of the beef tapeworm. Which of the following is the most effective preventive measure?

A) salting fish before eating
B) refrigerating stored fish
C) wearing gloves while handling fish
D) cooking fish before eating
E) not swimming in fish-infested waters

Question 26

Below are paired items referring to the heartworm Dirofilaria immitis. Which of the pairs is mismatched?

A) dog  sexual reproduction
B) mosquito  vector
C) mosquito  definitive host
D) dog  definitive host
E) None of the pairs is mismatched.

Question 27

The cells of plasmodial slime molds can grow to several centimeters in diameter because

A) they distribute nutrients by cytoplasmic streaming.
B) they have a mouth to ingest nutrients.
C) they form spores.
D) the large surface can absorb nutrients.
E) they have organelles.

Question 28

You observe a mass of amoeba-like cells that swarm together, form a stalk, and produce spores. This is a(n)

A) tapeworm.
B) plasmodial slime mold.
C) cellular slime mold.
D) Euglenozoa.
E) ascomycete.

Question 29

In the microscope, you observe multinucleated amoeboid cells with sporangia that form spores. This is a(n)

A) tapeworm.
B) plasmodial slime mold.
C) ascomycete.
D) Euglenozoa.
E) cellular slime mold.

Question 30

Which of the following is a nucleated, unicellular organism that, if you changed the incubation temperature, would form filaments with conidiospores?

A) cellular slime mold
B) tapeworm
C) plasmodial slime mold
D) ascomycete
E) euglenozoa

Question 31

Which of the following arthropods does NOT transmit diseases by sucking blood from a human host?

A) houseflies
B) mosquitoes
C) lice
D) kissing bugs
E) fleas

Question 32

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) mosquito  malaria
B) tick  Rocky Mountain spotted fever
C) mosquito  Pneumocystis
D) tick  Lyme disease
E) mosquito  encephalitis

Question 33

A definitive host harbors which stage of a parasite?

A) larva
B) adult
C) cyst
D) miracidium
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 34

Which of the following is the most effective control for malaria?

A) vaccination
B) eliminate Anopheles mosquitoes
C) treating patients
D) eliminate the intermediate host
E) None of these is an effective control.

Question 35

Which of the following groups of algae does NOT produce compounds that are toxic to humans?

A) diatoms
B) green algae
C) dinoflagellates
D) red algae
E) None of the answers is correct; all of these groups of algae produce compounds toxic to humans.

Question 36

Three weeks after a river rafting trip, three family members experienced symptoms of coughing, fever, and chest pain. During the rafting trip, the family had consumed crayfish that they caught along the river banks. An examination of the patientsʹ sputum revealed helminth eggs, and serum samples were positive for antibodies to Paragonimus. All of the family members recovered following treatment with praziquantel. In the Paragonimus life cycle,

A) both humans and crayfish are definitive hosts.
B) humans are the definitive host and crayfish are the intermediate host.
C) the source of the infection was the river water.
D) both humans and crayfish are intermediate hosts.
E) the crayfish are the definitive host and humans are the intermediate host.

Question 37

Which of the following statements about algae is FALSE?

A) All are unicellular.
B) They use light as their energy source.
C) They use Co₂ as their carbon source.
D) Some are capable of sexual reproduction.
E) They produce oxygen from hydrolysis of water.

Question 38

What do tapeworms eat?

A) host tissues
B) plant matter
C) intestinal contents
D) intestinal bacteria
E) red blood cells

Question 39

The encysted larva of the beef tapeworm is called a

A) cercaria.
B) metacercaria.
C) redia.
D) proglottid.
E) cysticercus.

Question 40

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A) nematodes  complete digestive tract
B) nematodes  many are free-living
C) trematodes  flukes
D) cestodes  all are free-living
E) cestodes  segmented body made of proglottids

Question 41

You see acid-fast oocysts in a fecal sample from a patient who has diarrhea. What is the MOST likely cause?

A) Cryptosporidium
B) Giardia
C) diatoms
D) Entamoeba
E) Taenia

Question 42

Arthropod vectors are blood-sucking animals such as ticks, lice, and fleas that transmit microbial pathogens.

Question 43

Both the cellular slime molds and the plasmodial slime molds are members of the phylum Amoebozoa.

Question 44

If a larva of Echinococcus granulosus is found in humans, humans are the

A) intermediate host.
B) definitive host.
C) infected host.
D) reservoir.
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 45

Ringworm is caused by a(n)

A) fungus.
B) protozoan.
C) cestode.
D) trematode.
E) nematode.

Question 46

Some species of dinoflagellates produce neurotoxins that cause fish kills and red tides.

Question 47

In helminth life cycles, the organism that harbors the adult sexually reproductive phase of the parasite is called the intermediate host.

Question 48

The sporozoite, merozoite, gametocyte, and ring stages are all part of the Plasmodium life cycle.

Question 49

Yeast infections are caused by

A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
B) Penicillium.
C) Histoplasma.
D) Candida albicans.
E) Aspergillus.

Question 50

The Platyhelminthes group includes roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes.

Question 51

Most cases of hookworm infection are acquired by ingestion of adult forms in contaminated food or water.

Question 52

The insect vectors have six legs and include spiders, ticks, mosquitoes, and lice.

Question 53

All of the following are characteristic of lichens EXCEPT

A) they are arranged in foliose, fruticose, or crustose morphologies.
B) they are a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a protozoan.
C) they serve as primary producers in rocky ecosystems.
D) they are used as indicators of air pollution.
E) they are a major food source for tundra herbivores.

Question 54

Plasmogamy, karyogamy, and meiosis are stages of the fungal sexual life cycle.

Question 55

Provide an explanation for the complex life cycles exhibited by parasitic helminths. Cite specific examples in your explanation.

Question 56

Contrast the economic benefits and the harmful effects of fungi.

Question 57

Explain how the presence of algae can indicate either pollution or productivity of a body of water.

Question 58

Cercariae, metacercaria, redia, and sporocysts are all life cycle stages of trematodes.